The Effectiveness of Online and Blended Learning: A Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Means ◽  
Yukie Toyama ◽  
Robert Murphy ◽  
Marianne Baki
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Face To Face Instruction

Background/Context Earlier research on various forms of distance learning concluded that these technologies do not differ significantly from regular classroom instruction in terms of learning outcomes. Now that web-based learning has emerged as a major trend in both K–12 and higher education, the relative efficacy of online and face-to-face instruction needs to be revisited. The increased capabilities of web-based applications and collaboration technologies and the rise of blended learning models combining web-based and face-to-face classroom instruction have raised expectations for the effectiveness of online learning. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study This meta-analysis was designed to produce a statistical synthesis of studies contrasting learning outcomes for either fully online or blended learning conditions with those of face-to-face classroom instruction. Population/Participants/Subjects The types of learners in the meta-analysis studies were about evenly split between students in college or earlier years of education and learners in graduate programs or professional training. The average learner age in a study ranged from 13 to 44. Intervention/Program/Practice The meta-analysis was conducted on 50 effects found in 45 studies contrasting a fully or partially online condition with a fully face-to-face instructional condition. Length of instruction varied across studies and exceeded one month in the majority of them. Research Design The meta-analysis corpus consisted of (1) experimental studies using random assignment and (2) quasi-experiments with statistical control for preexisting group differences. An effect size was calculated or estimated for each contrast, and average effect sizes were computed for fully online learning and for blended learning. A coding scheme was applied to classify each study in terms of a set of conditions, practices, and methodological variables. Findings/Results The meta-analysis found that, on average, students in online learning conditions performed modestly better than those receiving face-to-face instruction. The advantage over face-to-face classes was significant in those studies contrasting blended learning with traditional face-to-face instruction but not in those studies contrasting purely online with face-to-face conditions. Conclusions/Recommendations Studies using blended learning also tended to involve additional learning time, instructional resources, and course elements that encourage interactions among learners. This confounding leaves open the possibility that one or all of these other practice variables contributed to the particularly positive outcomes for blended learning. Further research and development on different blended learning models is warranted. Experimental research testing design principles for blending online and face-to-face instruction for different kinds of learners is needed.

Internet-Based Remote Laboratories as a Part of a Blended Learning Environment

2012 ◽  
pp. 128-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miladin Stefanovic ◽  
Milan Matijevic ◽  
Vladimir Cvjetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Adult Learning ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Remote Laboratories ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Training

Blended learning is a mixture of online learning and face-to-face activities. Online learning suffers from a lack of practical and laboratory work which is mandatory for learning in many specific fields. Adult training is also mainly focused on knowledge related to specific useful competencies and practical skills so practical training is an inseparable part of adult learning and training. Web laboratories with remotely controlled laboratory experiments should provide a necessary practical component in the concept of online learning. There are many different classifications, implementations and usages of web laboratories. This chapter deals with web laboratories, trying to define a framework for the development of web laboratories, to define pre-requests, architecture and software realization of web based laboratories and to find the right blend. This chapter also presents the contribution of web laboratories in blended learning and other possible benefits for the concept of blended learning for adults.

Blended Learning by Gamification in a Second-Year Introductory Engineering Design Course

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyona Sharunova ◽  
Ahmed Ead ◽  
Christopher Robson ◽  
Misha Afaq ◽  
Pierre Mertiny
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Face To Face Instruction

With the rapid development of engineering and new demands of contemporary employers, post-secondary institutions have to adapt, improve and enhance engineering curricula to ensure that recent graduates possess appropriate levels of technical and professional skills and multilateral abilities for a successful start in industry. As industrial technologies, tools, and processes evolve, so must teaching methodologies and approaches, which significantly changes the structure of engineering courses. To ensure that students not only master technical knowledge but also develop their professional, interpersonal, cognitive and computer skills, engineering curricula have begun to shift from a classic instruction format to a blended learning format. Blended learning, the strategy of combining regular face-to-face instruction with online learning and/or other out-of-class-activities, is increasingly used in post-secondary education and disciplines and can take different forms depending on the course needs and desired learning outcomes. This paper reviews the recent implementation of blended learning in the form of gamification of a second-year introductory engineering design course using a commercial online learning platform. The reasoning, methodology, process and the results of student surveys before and after the online game are discussed along with suggested improvements.

scholarly journals A Randomized Assessment of Online Learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Alpert ◽  
Kenneth A. Couch ◽  
Oskar R. Harmon
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Final Exam ◽  
Instructional Format ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Teaching Models ◽  
The Face

A microeconomics principles course employing random assignment across three sections with different teaching models is used to explore learning outcomes as measured by a cumulative final exam for students who participate in traditional face-to-face classroom instruction, blended face-to-face and online instruction with reduced instructor contact time, and a purely online instructional format. Evidence indicates learning outcomes were reduced for students in the purely online section relative to those in the face-to-face format by 5 to 10 points on a cumulative final exam. No statistically significant differences in outcomes are observed for students in the blended relative to the face-to-face section.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of web-based interactive blended learning model in electrical engineering courses

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Hansi Effendi ◽  
Soenarto Soenarto ◽  
Herminarto Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Average Score ◽  
State University ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Face To Face Instruction

The study was to test the effectiveness of the Web-Based Interactive Blended Learning Model (BLIBW) for subjects in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Padang State University. The design that the researcher employed was a quasi-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest, which was conducted on a group of students consisting of 30 people and the test was conducted for two times. The effectiveness of BLIBW Model was tested by comparing the average pretest scores and the average posttest scores both in the first trial and the second trial. The average prestest and posttest scores in the first trial were 14.13 and 33.80. The increase in the average score was significant at alpha 0.05. Then, the average pretest and posttest scores in the second trial were 18.67 and 47.03. The result was also significant at alpha 0.05. The effectiveness of BLIBW Model in the second trial was higher than in the first test. Those result were not entirely satisfactory and it might be caused several weaknesses in both tests such as: the number of sessions were limited, there was only one subject, and the number of students who were subjected too limited. However, the researcher would like to conclude that the BLIBW Model might be implemented as a replacement alternative for the face-to-face instruction.

scholarly journals Blanded Learning: Solusi Model Pembelajaran Pasca Pandemi Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Afroh Nailil Hikmah ◽  
Ibnu Chudzaifah
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Face To Face Learning

Online learning has become a demand for education since the Covid-19 pandemic and continues in New Normal until it continues until post-pandemic even if teachers or lecturers have to develop learning strategies. Therefore teachers/lecturers are required to be literate in technology and always up to date on learning models, one of which is Blended Learning. This research itself is expected to explain what is meant by the Blended Learning Model. And, how is the application of the Blended Learning Model when applied to the new order after the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method in this article uses a literature review, where an action on the quality and new findings of scientific work. The development of a blended learning model is a combination of learning models carried out in an online and offline context. The allocation used is 50:50, meaning that from the time allocation provided, 50% for face-to-face learning activities and 50% for online learning. The same is the case with using a 75:25 composition and doing 25:75. Blended learning model development techniques that need to be developed; 1) Face-to-face Learning Model; 2) Learning Using Electronic Teaching Materials, and 3) Learning Using Technology Media.

Are Students Ready for Online Learning?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yu Peng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Behavior ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Online Learning Environment ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Face To Face Instruction ◽  
One Way Anova

This article advances knowledge by trying to understand online courses from student behavior. This article analyzed student participation in 15 online courses during the years 2012–2015. The sample includes 106 students and their detailed log-on minutes and grades. The author applied a descriptive analysis, a one-way ANOVA, and a simple regression model. The empirical evidence suggests that student attention is substantially discounted in an online learning environment as evidenced by the much lower-than-expected log-on minutes. Students do not seem to treat online courses as equivalent to their traditional on-site counterparts. They tend to “review for assignments.” It is doubtful that students would achieve the same level of learning outcomes as in a conventional face-to-face instruction. The results help to understand how college instruction can best use the Internet.

scholarly journals Implementasi Pembelajaran blended learning di MI

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
MASKUR Maskur Maskur ◽  
Muhammad Khoirul Anwar ◽  
Trianah Trianah Trianah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Learning Platforms ◽  
The Media ◽  
Improved Learning

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic is the reason for these two semesters of online learning. Because the progression of cases is slowing, schools have more leeway to hold Limited Face-to-Face Meetings. Learning in a mixed learning environment with only a few face-to-face meetings is possible. The purpose of this study was to determine how blended learning was implemented at the research site. The lack of face-to-face implementation has significant ramifications that various institutions must address, particularly the readiness to provide the infrastructure required for both offline and online learning in the classroom. MI NU 28 Roudlotussibyan Kendal implements learning in two ways: offline and online, or more precisely, blended learning. To collect data, this study employs qualitative research methods such as observation, documentation, and interviews. According to the study's findings, blended learning is implemented with a limited amount of face-to-face interaction and the use of numerous learning platforms as the media, such as Google Classroom, Google Meet, and WhatsApp. Blended learning implementation is hampered by a lack of appropriate infrastructure, internet network limits, and instructor challenges in classroom management. When compared to using only online learning, the benefits of implementing blended learning include increased student engagement, improved learning outcomes, and increased student motivation to learn.Key Words: Blended learning, Madrasah ibtidaiyah, Madrasah ibtidaiyah

scholarly journals Listening Skills for Learning German Using Blended Learning Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-621
Author(s):  
Risnovita Sari ◽  
Rina Evianty ◽  
Muhammad Amran
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
German Language ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Face To Face Learning

Listening skills are one of the skills in learning German. Listening skills are also a very important skill in the learning process to improve German language skills. The ability to actively listen is defined as the process of actively understanding to get information, and the attitude of the speaker whose purpose is to understand the conversation objectively. In the current era of globalization many online learning methods have been applied, one of which is the Blended Learning model. Blended Learning is a combination of face-to-face learning and online learning.

scholarly journals Analisis Deskriptif Hasil Belajar Pembelajaran Tatap Muka dan Pembelajaran Online Menurut Gaya Belajar Mahasiswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Anthony Anggrawan
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
Student Learning Styles

Each higher education institution has a choice of learning models to be held, namely face-to-face learning, online learning, and blended learning. Face-to-face and online learning models have advantages and disadvantages in supporting student learning styles. Student learning styles not only represent what students like in learning, but also affect student learning outcomes. So it is not surprising, until now there is still a crossing of opinion in the achievement of learning, face-to-face learning or online learning that provides better results. This study provides an answer solution to learning English, whether face-to-face learning or online learning that is superior in cognitive learning outcomes according to student learning styles. The results of the descriptive analysis in this study concluded that students with auditory and visual learning styles taught with online learning models had higher average learning outcomes compared to students taught with face-to-face learning models; there is no difference in the average value of kinesthetic student learning outcomes between students who are taught by face-to-face learning with students who are taught by online learning; and in general the results of descriptive analysis show that online learning students are more successful in achieving learning outcomes compared to face-to-face learning students in learning English.

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