Internal Migration and the Health of Middle-Aged and Older Persons in China: The Healthy Migrant Effect Reconsidered

2020 ◽  
pp. 016402752095876
Author(s):  
Li Gao ◽  
Margaret J. Penning ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
Shannon João Sterrett ◽  
Shuzhuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Self ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Migration And Health

This study investigates associations between internal migration and health among middle-aged and older adults in China, including variations associated with type of migration (rural-to-urban, urban-to-rural, rural-to-rural, urban-to-urban). Data were drawn from China’s Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2013, 2015). Lagged panel and fixed-effect regression models address associations between migration and health outcomes (self-rated health, depression) while controlling for pre-migration and post-migration selection effects. The results reveal the positive implications of rural-to-urban migration for the self-rated health of middle-aged but not older adults. They also point to the positive effects of migration within and to rural areas for the self-rated and mental health of older adults. Overall, although migration may be beneficial to the health of internal migrants in China, complexities associated with age, type of migration, and the health outcome involved need to be taken into account.

scholarly journals Impact of Rural Urban Migration on Economic Sources in

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 999-1054
Author(s):  
HASSAN HUSSEIN IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Rural Urban Migration

This study comprises of five chapters. The topic of the research was Impact of Rural Urban Migration on Economic Sources in Mogadishu: Challenges and opportunities. The main objective of study was to examine determinates of rural urban migration in Somalia. Challenges and problems associated with internal rural migration and possible solutions of the problems associated with internal migration. Methodology: The researcher employed a descriptive survey design and engaged both Quantitative and Qualitative Research methods and also used interview schedule and questionnaires for collecting data. The Quantitative Data, the researcher engaged the use of SPSS used by tables. While the Qualitative Data also analyzed by using themes and explanations while comparing and contrasting the findings with the literature review. The sample size used to be 384 respondents picked up from the target population. Key findings: Recurrent shocks both natural and manmade disasters including droughts, floods and conflicts are the major determinates of rural urban migration, High unemployment rates, limited educational facilities in the rural, lack of social service delivery including heath, medical facilities and clean water abject poverty and bad living conditions. The weakened Government efforts and NGOs to curb the problems of internal migration include: Improve the economic status of the country, support agricultural sector and livestock to keep the pastoral and agro-pastoralist to migrate into the urban areas. Reorganization and diversifying the Employment in public and private sectors to reduce the economic migration, specifically the youth migration from the rural to urban areas looking for better employment opportunities. Conclusion: Overall, the objectives of the study were attained and it was thus concluded that, determinants of the rural urban migration are mainly economic reasons and standard of the living condition in the rural, as well as the deteriorated insecurity situations in most parts of south and central Somali regions where internal migrants are mainly migrated from, the researcher described this as the pull and push factors. The socioeconomic conditions of the rural areas and internal migrants were found to be worrisome.

Educational Differences in Self-Rated Health Trends Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Living Alone, 1972–2018

2022 ◽  
pp. 089826432110527
Author(s):  
Esther O. Lamidi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Objectives: This study examines educational differences in living alone and in self-rated health trends among middle-aged and older adults. Methods: We used logistic regression to analyze data from the 1972–2018 National Health Interview Survey ( n = 795,239 aged 40–64; n = 357,974 aged 65–84). Results: Between 1972–1974 and 2015–2018, living alone became more prevalent, particularly among men and at lower levels of education. Self-rated health trends varied by living arrangement and education. We found self-rated health declines among middle-aged adults having no college degree and living alone, but trends in self-rated health were mostly stable or even improved among middle-aged adults living with others. Among older adults, self-rated health improved over time, but for the least-educated older Americans living alone, the probability of reporting fair or poor health increased between 1972–1974 and 2015–2018. Discussion: The findings suggest growing disparities by social class, in living arrangements and in self-rated health.

scholarly journals Religiosity and self-rated health among older adults in Colombia

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Carlos A Reyes Ortiz ◽  
Claudia Payan ◽  
Geraldine Altamar ◽  
Jose F Gomez Montes ◽  
Harold G Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To identify the relationship between religiosity and self-rated health among older adults in Colombia. Methods: Data are drawn from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Colombia Study, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015 involving 18,871 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older living in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Religiosity was assessed by self-rated religiosity (how religious are you: not at all, somewhat or very). Self-rated health during previous 30 days was assessed as very good, good, fair, poor or very poor, analyzed as an ordinal variable(1-5) using weighted logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. Results: Those who were more religious were older, female, had lower socioeconomic status, and were more likely to be married. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that older adults who were more religious had better self-rated health (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.86- 0.99, p= 0.038); however, there was a significant interaction effect between gender and religiosity on self-rated health (p= 0.002), such that the relationship between religiosity and health was stronger in men (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.94, p= 0.001) but not significant in women. Conclusion: Older adults in Colombia who consider themselves more religious, especially men, are less likely to perceive their physical health as poor compared to those who are less religious.

scholarly journals Positive Effects of Openness on Cognitive Aging in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A 13-Year Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Nishita ◽  
Chikako Tange ◽  
Makiko Tomida ◽  
Rei Otsuka ◽  
Fujiko Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Picture Completion

The relationship between openness (a psychological trait of curiosity) and a cognitive change was examined in middle-aged and older adults. Participants were 2214 men and women (baseline age range: 40 to 81 years). They were tested up to seven times over approximately 13 years. Openness at the baseline was assessed by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Cognitive abilities were assessed at each examination using the Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised short form, which includes information, similarities, picture completion, and digit symbol subscales. General linear mixed models comprised fixed effects of openness, age at the baseline, follow-up time, their interactions, and the covariates. The results indicated that the main effects of openness were significant for all scores. Moreover, the interaction term openness × age × time was significant for the information and similarities test scores, indicating that changes in the information and similarities scores differed depending on the level of openness and baseline age. The estimated trajectory indicated that the differences in slopes between participants with high and low openness were significant after 60 years of age for the information, and after 65 years of age for the similarities scores. It is concluded that openness has a protective effect on the decline in general knowledge and logical abstract thinking in old age.

scholarly journals City Centric Migration and Security Concern in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Rajendra Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Security Concern

This article tends to focus on the trend of internal migration and its security concern in Nepal. There are different social and security concerns of migration which are not taken seriously. The repercussion might be in different fields and effects can be seen after short or long epoch. Migration and its linkage with the security are varied. It is the subject of interest for people who want to develop and make their birth land, village or cities prosperous. Current tendency of migration in Nepal indicates that the extensive outmigration of people to foreign countries is either for job or to study. Effects on migrants and communities they leave, rural to urban migration, differ according to the type of migrants, the volume of migration, and the nature of the places involved. The volume is increasing in recent days that people are migrating from rural to urban part of country even in district level. Migrants leaving rural areas are not generally replaced by other migrants. This loss of population in the rural areas and their potential contributions affects the dependency ratio, rates of unemployment and underemployment, levels of human capital, and potential for innovation. This article examines the pattern of migration and also it tries to explore the push and pull factors of migration. The security concerns of migrationऽ which involves different forms like human security, physical security, environmental security etc are analyzed in this article.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Romania’s Internal Migration. Findings from the 1977, 1992, 2002 and 2011 Censuses

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Constanţa Mihăescu ◽  
Adrian Otoiu ◽  
Erika Marin ◽  
Ileana Niculescu-Aron
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Internal Migrants

Abstract Although internal migration has been rather overlooked, both in terms of its magnitude and importance, its ability to reflect socio-economic changes is providing useful insights on the evolution of the Romanian society over the last decades. Based on the analysis of census microdata over the past 4 censuses, some major shifts in the magnitude and patterns in internal migration reveal the fact that characteristics of internal migrants have not only mirrored, but also preceded the changes observed for the total population. Among the most important developments revealed by our analysis have been a slight decrease in migration incidence since 1992, an increase in migrants residing in rural areas, especially in the South region, and a higher incidence among women, perhaps as a counterweight for higher international migration rates among men. Internal migrants’ age profile shows that they are 11 years older than the total population, up from a gap of only 6 years in 1977. Although they tend to be relatively more educated, their advantage has been on a declining trend and, contrary to common perceptions, are less likely to be single. At the county level, data reveals diverging patterns triggered by post-communist development, among which deindustrialization of some countries and strong international migration. These findings help portray the socio-economic changes as revealed by the analysis of census data, and provide any additional feedback to the annual internal migration flow estimates, by assessing the stock of those who moved from their birthplace, and showing how net internal migration patterns have morphed over time, both reflecting and effecting demographic and socioeconomic evolutions of the Romanian society1.

scholarly journals Montani Semper Liberi: Age And Depression Among Veterans In Appalachia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
Alex Dang ◽  
Maxwell Nimako ◽  
Amy Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
Selective Survival ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Abstract Depression is higher in rural areas and military veterans (Kimron et al., 2019; Bedard-Gilligan et al., 2018). West Virginia, the only state contained entirely within Appalachia, has a higher percentage of military service among its citizenry than other states. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to examine the association between veteran status and depression among adults in WV. Using 2018 WV data from the CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined depression as a function of veteran status and age, among 612 younger adults, 1813 middle-aged adults, and 2445 older adults (N = 4,870; 12.4% veterans). Our ANOVA revealed a significant overall effect, F(5, 4864) = 14.64, p < .001, a main effect for veteran status (18.8% of veterans and 26% of non-veterans reported depression), and an age effect emerged, with more younger (28.6%) and middle-aged adults (30.5%) reporting depression than did older adults (20.3%). No significant interaction between age and veteran status emerged, F(2, 4864) = 1.75, p = .175. Of note, 25% of the sample reported having depression. Given that place-based mental health disparities exist, this finding is not unexpected. But fewer older adults and fewer veterans reported depression. At least three possibilities warrant further investigation. Future studies should examine whether these age and veteran status differences in depression reflect differences in resilience, differences in reporting, and/or differences in selective survival.

scholarly journals Do Age-Friendly Rural Communities Affect Quality of Life? A Comparison of Perceptions from Middle-Aged and Older Adults in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7283
Author(s):  
Jingyu Yu ◽  
Guixia Ma ◽  
Shuxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Outdoor Spaces

The aging population in rural areas of China faces serious challenges due to urban–rural disparities. In order to improve the active aging of rural older adults, the establishment of age-friendly communities is encouraged. However, globally, the focus is on age-friendly communities in urban areas, not reflecting rural communities. Hence, we addressed the importance of age-friendly rural communities (AFRCs) and aimed to investigate their impact on the quality of life (QoL) of older adults. We examined different perceptions of AFRCs among older adults (aged over 60) and middle-aged people (45–60) in rural communities with questionnaire surveys (n = 470 and 393, respectively). Several statistical methods, such as Chi-squared test, t-test, reliability test, and multiple regression, were adopted to investigate and compare the perceptions of these two. The results indicated that (1) middle-aged people were more satisfied with AFRC components and had a higher QoL than older adults; (2) the QoL of middle-aged people was predicted by housing, accessibility, and outdoor spaces; (3) the QoL of older adults was affected by housing, outdoor spaces, social participation, and public transportation. These findings aid in our understanding of rural communities and the QoL of rural residents. They are helpful for urban planners and policymakers to improve the planning of AFRCs and supplement research on age-friendly communities in rural areas. Practical implementations are proposed for the planning of AFRCs, such as the passive design of residential housing, grouping of community facilities together, and improvement in the hygiene of outdoor spaces in rural areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document