Islam and the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akeel Bilgrami

This short essay analyzes the deception and self-deception in talk of ‘the clash of civilizations’ and proceeds to diagnose what is wrong in the standard understanding of Islam in the Western media today by looking to the abiding history of colonial relations with Islam down to this day and also looking to the relation between ideals of democracy and the formation of religious identities. The essay closes with some remarks about the nature of identity and the importance to one's own agency of the distinction between the first and the third person point of view in Muslim self-understanding.

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Netanias Mateus De Souza Castro

Resumo: A história do romance viu, diante de si, formas diversas de narrar, conforme aponta os escritos de Theodor W. Adorno, por exemplo. Desde narradores impessoais, mantendo a distância segura que lhe confere a narrativa em terceira pessoa até os casos em que o que se narra é algo diretamente relacionado ao próprio narrador. Esse parece ser o caso do romance de Marçal Aquino, Eu receberia as piores notícias de seus lindos lábios, que conta o envolvimento amoroso de Cauby e Lavínia a partir do olhar do próprio Cauby. Esse narra de um modo cuja relação de si mesmo com a narrativa fica explícita, tamanha é sua passionalidade em relação às suas vivências e ao ato de narrar. Isso se manifesta tanto na linguagem, em termos de escolhas narrativas, quanto nas ações do narrador-personagem-protagonista que narra e vive aquilo que narra. Suas características mais notáveis são a passionalidade, a capacidade de registrar fotograficamente detalhes da narrativa e o rompimento com técnicas narrativas tradicionais.Palavras-chave: narrador; primeira pessoa; romance brasileiro contemporâneo; Eu receberia as piores notícias de seus lindos lábios.Abstract: The history of the novel saw, before it, different ways of narrating, as pointed out by the writings of Theodor W. Adorno, for example. From impersonal narrators, maintaining the safe distance that the third person narrative gives him until the cases in which what is narrated is something directly related to the narrator himself. This seems to be the case with Marçal Aquino’s novel I would receive the worst news from his beautiful lips, which tells of Cauby and Lavínia’s loving involvement from the point of view of Cauby himself. He narrates in a way whose relationship with himself and the narrative is explicit, such is his passion for his experiences and the act of narrating. This manifests itself both in language, in terms of narrative choices, and in the actions of the narrator-character-protagonist who narrates and experiences what he narrates. Its most notable characteristics are passionality, the ability to photographically record details of the narrative and break with traditional narrative techniques.Keywords: narrator; first person; contemporary Brazilian romance; Eu receberia as piores notícias de seus lindos lábios.


1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Picard

AbstractClitics and affixes are known to originate from erstwhile independent words. In French, a question marker has developed in a most peculiar way through the combination of a verb-final consonant and the third person masculine singular pronoun, and has gradually spread to other persons through a singular series of phonological, syntactic and analogical processes. Although this it is now all but moribund in Continental Frenceh, its offshoot tu is alive and well in Canadian French, the construction subject + verb + tu having become the most usual way of formulating yes-no questions in this dialect. Despite the long history of ti\tu, however, its exact grammatical status has yet to be established. Various criteria that have been proposed in recent years to distinguish clitics from affixes would seem to indicate that this morpheme should be properly classified as a suffis.


2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 410-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Stiles

The paradigms of the third person anaphoric pronoun in West Germanic show a split between Ingvæonic and non-Ingvæonic languages. The Ingvæonic dialects have numerous forms with initialh-, in contrast to non-Ingvæonic, where—corresponding toh-—vocalic ors-onsets are found. This divergence makes it difficult to envisage what the Proto-West Germanic set of forms looked like. The aim is to explore whether it is possible to reconstruct a common West Germanic paradigm from which both types developed. The answer turns out to be ‘yes’, thanks to the crucial evidence of Frisian. The article also rejects the view that Germanic attests the alleged Indo-European pronominal stem *syo-/*tyo-.


Author(s):  
Carlos Pereda

In this article, several levels in which can be proposed/presented the old dilemma of liberty and determinism are discussed and which is the task of critical thought or, particularly, of this critical thought that is philosophy. On the one hand, this dilemma is confronted in its metaphysical side. On the other, its epistemological and ethical implications are considered. Along this multiple levels I particularly consider the crash between the point of view of the first person and the third person.


2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Moore

The relatively recent application of sociolinguistic methodology to the study of language history offers techniques for approaching regional and social variation and change in earlier stages of English. This article focuses on changes in written norms in the history of English, examining several morphosyntactic variables that were in flux in England in the 15th and 16th centuries: the third person present singular verb endings, the third person plural be, and the Northern Present-Tense Rule for third person plural verbs. These variables are significant because each of them presents two competing forms in the north of England in the Early Modern period: a local form and a supralocal form. The present analysis, after examining the correlation between the linguistic variables and gender and social function, concludes that the results may be understood through a conflict model in which variants supralocalize to accommodate the demands of alternative linguistic markets.


2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (33) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Claudia Campos Soares

<p>“Campo geral” - primeira novela de <em>Corpo de baile</em>, de Guimarães Rosa  - é narrada em terceira pessoa, mas seu leitor apreende a realidade  ficcional da forma como ela é percebida por um menino que tem entre  sete e oito anos de idade. O narrador está muito próximo de Miguilim, o  que lhe permite a expressão das nuances mais delicadas da subjetividade  do menino.  A realidade ficcional é apreendida, pois, da perspectiva de uma criança.  Além disto, esta criança é extremamente sensível e não se identifica com  os valores utilitaristas que vigoram em seu meio. Por isto é arredia e  introspectiva, quase isolada; e costuma temer os adultos quase como o  contágio de uma doença ruim. Por fim, Miguilim, a criança sob cuja  visão nos é dado acompanhar os acontecimentos ficcionais, é míope,  metáfora-síntese das limitações de sua perspectiva. Devido a tudo isto,  só temos informações vagas e imprecisas acerca de graves acontecimentos  que ocorrem na estória.  O ponto de vista de “Campo geral”, entretanto, conjuga esta “visão  imperfeita” (a de Miguilim) com a possibilidade de ver um pouco além  dela. Ainda que o campo de visão do leitor seja limitado às possibilidades  do menino míope, o autor cria outras condições de reconhecimento do  ambiente e dos conflitos familiares que cercam Miguilim para além de  sua capacidade de visão. De forma indireta, e aparentemente quase  acidental, ele nos dá a ver o que o menino não pode de várias formas.  São estas formas, e o jogo de elucidação e ocultamento que armam, que  este estudo se propõe a investigar.</p> <p>“Campo geral”, the first novel of <em>Corpo de Baile</em>, narrates the story of a 7  year-old boy, Miguilim, in the third person. The reader, however,  apprehends the ficcional reality as it was perceived by this boy. The  narrator is very close to Miguilim and this proximity provides him the  possibility to express the more slight details of the character´s  subjectiveness and makes the reader to capture the boy’s subtle perception  of his surrounded reality.  Miguilim is an extremely tender child who rejects the pragmatic values  of the adult world. As a consequence, he is a solitary and introspective,  almost lonely child, who evades from adult contact. In addition, Miguilim  is also myopic, metaphor-synthesis of his own limited perception of the  surrounded reality. Given this scenario, readers grasp only vague and  imprecise information of the serious events that take place in the story.  However, the point of view of “Campo geral” associates that “imperfect  vision” (from Miguilim) with the possibility of seeing a little bit far from  it. Even though the reader is limited to interpret the story from a myopic  kid’s perception, the author creates situations where familiar conflicts  and events surrounding Miguilim might be apprehend beyond his own  perception. Indirectly and almost accidentally, the author reveals to the  reader what the kid cannot see himself. This study intends to investigate  this game of elucidation and concealment created by Guimarães Rosa in  the point of view of “Campo geral”.</p>


Gesture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fey Parrill ◽  
Kashmiri Stec

Abstract Events with a motor action component (e.g., handling an object) tend to evoke gestures from the point of view of a character (character viewpoint, or CVPT) while events with a path component (moving through space) tend to evoke gestures from the point of view of an observer (observer viewpoint, or OVPT). Events that combine both components (e.g., rowing a boat across a lake) seem to evoke both types of gesture, but it is unclear why narrators use one or the other. We carry out two manipulations to explore whether gestural viewpoint can be manipulated. Participants read a series of stories and retold them in two conditions. In the image condition, story sentences were presented with images from either the actor’s perspective (actor version) or the observer’s perspective (observer version). In the linguistic condition, the same sentences were presented in either the second person (you…) or the third person point of view (h/she…). The second person led participants to use the first person (I) in retelling. Gestures produced during retelling were coded as CVPT or OVPT. Participants produced significantly more CVPT gestures after seeing images from the point of view of an actor, but the linguistic manipulation did not affect viewpoint in gesture. Neither manipulation affected overall gesture rate, or co-occurring speech. We relate these findings to frameworks in which motor action and mental imagery are linked to viewpoint in gesture.


2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-69
Author(s):  
Anke Holler

Abstracts Erlebte Rede (free indirect style) is a narrative technique used to present reports of consciousness which to some extent blends direct and indirect speech. It is characterized by the interaction of specific linguistic markers which allow the presentation of a character’s point of view while simultaneously maintaining the narrative frame. A character’s thoughts are expressed in the third person, indicative and narrative tense giving the impression that the voice of both the narrator and the character somehow overlap. This contribution summarizes the research on erlebte Rede, focussing on German. Regarding narratological aspects, I discuss linguistic problems specific to identification and analysis of texts which employ erlebte Rede. This paper primarily addresses the use of erlebte Rede in fiction, although it is also found in non-fiction.


2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D Creer ◽  
Anne E Cook ◽  
Edward J O’Brien

Readers do not always adopt the perspective of the protagonist; however, they will under certain conditions. Experiments 1a and 1b showed that readers will take the perspective of the protagonist from the third-person point of view, but only when explicitly instructed to do so. Experiment 2 demonstrated that reading from the first-person point of view is a text-based manipulation that encourages readers to adopt the perspective of the protagonist. The results of Experiments 3a and 3b replicated the findings of Experiments 1a and 2. Experiment 4 established that simply increasing readers’ attention to the text does not lead to adoption of the protagonist’s perspective; moreover, this suggests that when it does occur, protagonist perspective adoption is not the result of increased attention, but strategic processing.


Italica ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Politzer

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