scholarly journals Spontaneous Cholangiofibrosis in a Wistar Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Shaung Qiu ◽  
Peter C. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Carcinogenicity Study ◽  
Immunohistochemistry Staining ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

In a 2-year carcinogenicity study, we identified a spontaneous cholangiofibrosis in a control male Wistar rat. This lesion has long been considered as a compound-related change, with no spontaneous cases reported in the Wistar rat. In addition to routine hematoxylin and eosin stains evaluation, we applied Masson’s trichrome staining, Alcian blue-periodic acid–Schiff staining, and OV-6 immunohistochemistry staining. The special staining demonstrated the fibrous component in the interstitium and intestinal metaplasia of the epithelium (presence of goblet cells), while the positive anti-OV-6 reaction indicated the bile duct origin of the epithelium. These results help to confirm the diagnosis of cholangiofibrosis in this case. We report this rare case to alert pathologists that spontaneous cholangiofibrosis does occur in Wistar rats.

Deep Learning-Based Spermatogenic Staging Assessment for Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Sections of Rat Testes

2020 ◽  
pp. 019262332096967
Author(s):  
Dianne M. Creasy ◽  
Satish T. Panchal ◽  
Rohit Garg ◽  
Pranab Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Sensitive Method

In preclinical toxicology studies, a “stage-aware” histopathological evaluation of testes is recognized as the most sensitive method to detect effects on spermatogenesis. A stage-aware evaluation requires the pathologist to be able to identify the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle. Classically, this evaluation has been performed using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained sections to visualize the morphology of the developing spermatid acrosome, but due to the complexity of the rat spermatogenic cycle and the subtlety of the criteria used to distinguish between the 14 stages of the cycle, staging of tubules is not only time consuming but also requires specialized training and practice to become competent. Using different criteria, based largely on the shape and movement of the elongating spermatids within the tubule and pooling some of the stages, it is possible to stage tubules using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections, thereby negating the need for a special PAS stain. These criteria have been used to develop an automated method to identify the stages of the rat spermatogenic cycle in digital images of H&E-stained Wistar rat testes. The algorithm identifies the spermatogenic stage of each tubule, thereby allowing the pathologist to quickly evaluate the testis in a stage-aware manner and rapidly calculate the stage frequencies.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissues into special stains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin de Haan ◽  
Yijie Zhang ◽  
Jonathan E. Zuckerman ◽  
Tairan Liu ◽  
Anthony E. Sisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Needle Core Biopsy ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Biopsy Tissue ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

AbstractPathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained tissue slides. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is most commonly used, special stains can provide additional contrast to different tissue components. Here, we demonstrate the utility of supervised learning-based computational stain transformation from H&E to special stains (Masson’s Trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff and Jones silver stain) using kidney needle core biopsy tissue sections. Based on the evaluation by three renal pathologists, followed by adjudication by a fourth pathologist, we show that the generation of virtual special stains from existing H&E images improves the diagnosis of several non-neoplastic kidney diseases, sampled from 58 unique subjects (P = 0.0095). A second study found that the quality of the computationally generated special stains was statistically equivalent to those which were histochemically stained. This stain-to-stain transformation framework can improve preliminary diagnoses when additional special stains are needed, also providing significant savings in time and cost.

The Effect of Exposure Process of Toluene To The Spermatogonia Cell a Rattus Strain Wistar

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas Iqbal ◽  
Muchtaruddin Mansyur ◽  
Pudji Sari ◽  
Dwi Anita Suryandari ◽  
Pramudianto
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
A Cells ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toluene Exposure ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

Intoduction: Acute and chronic exposure to toluene at high doses is known to affect all organs of the body including the spermatogenesis process. In the industrial sector, the use of toluene as a solvent is still widely used, up to 10 million tons per year. The control over health problems that may occur is carried out by applying work exposure threshold values. This research aims to explore the effect of toluene exposure at the threshold value range on spermatogenesis.Method: This research used laboratory experiment on 30 male Wistar rats which were divided into five groups of different exposure levels, namely 12.5 parts per million (ppm], 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and no exposure (control). Exposure was given for 4 hours daily over 14 days through a hood with measured release in the glass cage. The toluene exposure markers observed were Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood tissue and testicles using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) method. The effect on the spermatogenicity process was assessed by counting the spermatogonia A cells of male Wistar rats with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining and is calculated by the Abercrombie formula. Analysis of the correlation between the level of exposure and its effect on the increase in malondialdehyde, and spermatogenesis was carried out using the Spearman correlation analysis.Result: There was a moderately positive correlation between levels of toluene exposure and plasma MDA levels (r = 0.42; p = 0.025). Meanwhile, on [the issue of] the quantity of spermatogonia cells, a high level of negative correlation with exposure levels was obtained (r = -0.68; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Toluene exposure in male Wistar rats within the range of threshold values influenced the increase in plasma MDA levels and decreased the Spermatogenia A cells. However, toluene exposure did not affect the testicular MDA levels of male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN MIKROSKOPIK GINJAL TIKUS WISTAR (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) SETELAH DIINDUKSI DENGAN GENTAMISIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poppy M Lintong ◽  
Carla F Kairupan ◽  
Priska L N Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Tubular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract: Gentamycin, a frequently used aminoglycoside antibiotics, has a nephrotoxic effect to human beings and animals. The purpose of this research was to find out the microscopic changes of wistar rat kidneys after gentamycin induction. This was an experimental study, using five adult wistar rats, divided into three groups. Group I was the control group; group II consisted of two rats, injected with gentamycin 0,3 ml/day (dose of 60 mg/kg body weight/day) intraperitoneally for seven days; and group III consisted of two rats, injected with gentamycin 0,3 ml/day intraperitoneally for 10 days. Group I and II were terminated at day-8, and group III at day-11. Their kidneys were processed for microscopic slides, stained with hematoxylin eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff. In microscopic evaluation, group II and III showed oedema, necrosis, apoptosis, and basal membrane destruction of tubular epithelial cells. Group III also showed fat vacuoles in these epithelial cells (macrovesicular fatty changes). Conclusion: wistar rats injected with gentamycin 60 mg/kg body weight/day for 7 and 10 days showed oedema, necrosis, apoptosis, and basal membrane destruction of tubular epithelial cells; and macrovesicular fatty changes after 10 days of gentamycin.Key words: gentamycin, necrosis tubular epithelial cells, fatty changesAbstrak: Gentamisin termasuk antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida berspektrum luas yang bersifat nefrotoksik terhadap manusia dan hewan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat perubahan mikroskopik struktur ginjal tikus Wistar setelah diberikan gentamisin. Metode penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan lima ekor tikus Wistar dewasa yang dibagi atas tiga kelompok. Kelompok I tanpa perlakuan; kelompok II terdiri dari dua ekor tikus perlakuan yang diinjeksi dengan gentamisin 0,3 ml/hari (dosis 60 mg/kgBB/hari) secara intraperitonial selama tujuh hari; dan kelompok III terdiri dari dua ekor tikus perlakuan yang diinjeksi dengan gentamisin 0,3 ml/hari secara intraperitonial selama 10 hari. Tikus Wistar kelompok I dan II diteminasi hari ke-8, sedangkan kelompok III diterminasi hari ke-11. Ginjal tikus kelompok I -III kemudian dibuat preparat histopatologik dengan pengecatan rutin hematoksilin eosin dan Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tikus Wistar perlakuan yang diberikan gentamisin 0,3 ml/hari selama 7 sampai 10 hari secara mikroskopik memperlihatkan pembengkakan, nekrosis, apoptosis, dan destruksi membrana basalis sel epitel tubulus; dan pada hari ke-10 terlihat vakuol-vakuol lemak pada sel epitel sehingga inti terdesak ke tepi (perlemakan makrovesikuler). Simpulan: pemberian gentamisin pada tikus Wistar dengan dosis 60 mg/kg BB/hari selama 7-10 hari menunjukkan pembengkakan, nekrosis, apoptosis sel epitel tubulus, dan membrana basalis tubulus rusak; dan setelah hari ke-10 juga terlihat perlemakan makrovesikuler.Kata kunci: gentamisin, nekrosis sel epitel tubulus, perlemakan makrovesikuler

scholarly journals Evaluation of Better Staining Method among Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saleh Alkhamiss
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the preferred method (Giemsa or periodic acid Schiff-Alcian blue [PAS-AB] stains) of detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosal biopsies in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report comparing Giemsa and PAS-AB staining for the detection of H. pylori in such biopsies. Methods: The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of 49 gastric biopsies from different patients were collected from the archive of anatomical pathology at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. From each block, three slides were prepared and analysed using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Giemsa and PAS-AB stains to detect the presence/absence of H. pylori, and the results were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. Results: The majority of the biopsies in this study showed antrum-type gastric mucosa. Only 15 biopsies showed active gastritis, whereas the rest showed chronic gastritis. Three biopsies showed intestinal metaplasia. All were detected by PAS-AB stain, but only two-thirds were detected by H&E stain. Fifteen gastric biopsies showed H. pylori infection in general and in 13 of them, active gastritis cases were discovered. Fourteen out of these 15 H. pylori infection cases were detected by Giemsa stain, whereas only 13 cases were detected by H&E stain. PAS-AB stain showed the worst results since it demonstrated only 40% sensitivity and 67.65% specificity in H. pylori detection. Conclusion: Giemsa stain has better sensitivity and specificity in gastric H. pylori infection detection than PAS-AB. Therefore, using PAS-AB stain to detect H. pylori infection is not recommended.

Effects of parathyroid extract. II: changes preceding renal calcification

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reagan H. Bradford ◽  
R. Palmer Howard ◽  
Walter Joel ◽  
Jerry Puls ◽  
M. R. Shetlar
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Parathyroid Extract ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Parathyroid extract, a total of 860 units, has been administered to rats in small, progressively increasing doses over a period of 12 days. The effects on serum protein, total glycoprotein, glycoprotein/protein ratio, calcium, individual protein and glycoprotein fractions, and renal calcification have been presented. Kidney sections from each rat were studied by histochemical techniques for calcification, neutral polysaccharide, and acid mucopolysaccharide. The serum total glycoprotein, glycoprotein/protein ratio, and calcium were found to be elevated. The serum albumin was decreased, whereas the globulin fractions were essentially unchanged. The globulin glycoprotein hexose, mostly α1-globulin, was increased; albumin glycoprotein hexose showed a somewhat less consistent increase. A "precalcification" periodic acid-Schiff-staining intraluminal material was demonstrated in the kidney after parathyroid extract treatment for 4 days. This was followed approximately 2 days later by Alcian blue-staining material and calcification demonstrable by hematoxylin and eosin and by Kóssa staining techniques. This has been interpreted as suggesting a glycoprotein-containing lesion which precedes calcification.

The expulsion of Echinostoma trivolvis from C3H Mice: differences in glycoconjugates in mouse versus hamster small intestinal mucosa during infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fujino ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Echinostoma Trivolvis ◽  
Lectin Binding Sites

AbstractMucosal glycoconjugates were examined in C3H mice and in hamster small intestines infected with Echinostoma trivolvis and in uninfected rodents, using periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and high-iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) staining and three different fluorescein-conjugated lectins: Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA), Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) and Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin (GSA-II). Lectin-labelling by electron microscopy was also undertaken with WGA and HPA lectin-gold probes. HID-AB stain demonstrated that the most mature goblet cells of the mouse villi contain sulfomucins, whereas those of hamsters contain sialomucins. The expression of lectin-binding sites and the intensity of the lectin binding in the small intestines were changed by echinostome infection. Specific differences in the reaction to mucin glycoproteins were clearly observed between the mouse and hamster intestines infected with E. trivolvis; lectin-binding to hyperplastic goblet cells and crypts in the infected mice increased, while no marked increase in the number of goblet cells and reaction to the glycoconjugates were observed in the infected hamsters. These findings indicate that the expression of terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, sialic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine increased in mucins secreted from hyperplastic goblet cells associated with E. trivolvis infection in mice. No marked increase in these glycoconjugates occurred in hamster infections. These findings reflect clear differences in infectivity of E. trivolvis in C3H mice versus hamsters.

scholarly journals Pathological Findings in the Pituitary Glands of Dogs and Cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Polledo ◽  
Guy C. M. Grinwis ◽  
Peter Graham ◽  
Mark Dunning ◽  
Kerstin Baiker
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Cystic Changes ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

With the exception of classic functional adenomas in dogs and horses, pituitary lesions are infrequently described in the veterinary literature. Approximately 10% of pituitary glands from asymptomatic humans contain abnormalities, but the equivalent proportion in small animals is unknown. Pituitary glands from 136 dogs and 65 cats collected during routine necropsies were examined to determine the prevalence of pituitary lesions and their histopathological diagnosis. Lesions were characterized in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Gordon and Sweet’s and reticulin stains, and immunohistochemistry for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone–α, and prolactin. Pituitary abnormalities were identified in 36 of 136 (26.4%) dogs and 10 of 65 (15.3%) cats. Cystic changes were the most common lesion, occurring in 18 (13.2%) dogs and 8 (12.3%) cats. Pituitary neoplasia was detected in 14.1% (12/85) of middle-aged and old dogs; 1 (1.5%) cat had pituitary nodular hyperplasia. PAS and reticulin stains helped differentiate ACTH-immunoreactive adenomas from hyperplastic nodules: adenomas contained PAS-positive intracytoplasmic granules and loss of the normal reticulin network. One dog had a pituitary carcinoma with infiltration into the thalamus. Other pituitary abnormalities included secondary metastases (2 dogs) and hypophysitis (4 dogs, 1 cat). In most cases, the lesion appeared to be subclinical and could be considered incidental, whereas clinical manifestations were apparent in only 4 dogs (2.9%) and none of the cats with pituitary lesions. Pituitary abnormalities are common in dogs and cats, and their clinical relevance requires further investigation.

A physiological, biochemical and histological study of goose tracheal mucin and its secretion

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (969) ◽  
pp. 513-540 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tracheal Mucus

Tracheal mucin secretion has been measured from a segment of trachea, isolated in situ , in anaesthetized geese by a method that involves radioactive labelling of tracheal mucus glycoproteins (Gallagher et al. 1975). Goose tracheal mucus comes entirely from goblet cells, since the goose trachea does not contain submucosal mucous or serous glands, and this method has been used to investigate the nervous and pharmacological control of the mucin secretion from these epithelial goblet cells. The mucins secreted have been collected, fractionated, and chemically analysed. Intracellular mucin has been examined histochemically, and the results of electron microscopic observations of epithelial cells and nerves are presented. Acetylcholine increased tracheal mucin secretion, and this effect was completely blocked by atropine. Neither α- nor β-stimulant sympathomimetic amines affected tracheal mucin secretion. Stimulation of the peripheral cut ends of the descending oesophageal nerves increased tracheal mucin secretion and the majority of this response, approximately three-quarters, appeared to be cholinergic since this proportion was blocked by atropine. The mediator for the atropine-resistant part of the response is not known, but it appears not to be a β-adrenoreceptor stimulant since the response to nerve stimulation was unaffected by propranolol given at 34 μm intrasegmentally. Other possibilities are discussed. Atropine itself decreased the resting level of tracheal mucin secretion. The local anaesthetic, lignocaine, increased tracheal mucin secretion, while at the same time blocking the responses to acetylcholine and descending oesophageal nerve stimulation. The implications of this are discussed. The electrophoretic, gel filtration and ion-exchange properties of goose tracheal mucins showed that they represented high molecular mass, negatively charged glycoproteins which could be labelled biosynthetically with [ 35 S]sulphate, [ 3 H]- and [ 14 C]glucose. These mucins could be stained with Alcian blue or periodic acid Schiff reagent. The carbohydrate composition was unusual for an epithelial glycoprotein in that fucose was absent and mannose was present in small quantities. The monosaccharides present in larger quantity were galactose, N -acetylglucosamine, N -acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid. Histochemical analysis of tissue sections of gosling tracheas demonstrated that nearly all of the glycoprotein in epithelial goblet cells contained both sialic acid and sulphate residues. Sialated mucin was present also, but to a lesser extent, and many cells contained a mixture of sialated and sulphated mucins. The adult goose trachea had a high proportion of sialated glycoprotein. Electron microscopy showed a range of epithelial cell types and intra-epithelial nerves also. Many of the nerves had neurosecretory vesicles suggestive of motor function and some were near to goblet cells.

scholarly journals Histochemical reactivity of peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Stoward ◽  
S S Spicer ◽  
R L Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Peanut Lectin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Terminal Galactose

A peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase (PL-HRP) conjugate has been applied to histochemical staining of paraffin sections of various mouse organs. The PL-HRP conjugate has selectively reacted with secretory bodies, the Golgi zone, and the apical cell surface in various cell types. Some positive sites, including lingual and tracheal serous glands, Brunner's glands, and the brush border of the proximal straight nephron, contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive glycoconjugate with no affinity for basic reagents. The stored secretion in these sites was interpreted as containing neutral glycoprotein with terminal galactose residues which could, in part at least, account for the PAS reactivity. Duodenal goblet cells, which exhibited basophilia attributable to sulfate esters, also bound PL-HRP. As the binding was affected by prior sialidase digestion, the secretory glycoprotein in the duodenal goblet cells was judged to contain oligosaccharides with sulfate esters and terminal galactose uncapped by sialic acid. All sites known from their basophilia to form sialomucin failed to stain with the PL-HRP conjugate, but consistently gained reactivity following sialidase digestion and were inferred, therefore, to possess glycoproteins with oligosaccharide side chains containing subterminal galactose and terminal sialic acid. Lingual mucous glands, known to secrete a mucosubstance with basophilic properties indicative of the presence of sulfate esters but not sialic acid, stained with PL-HRP only after sialidase digestion and, accordingly, were reinterpreted as containing both sulfate esters and terminal galactose-sialic acid dimers. Staining of gastric surface epithelium demonstrated a srongly PAS-reactive neutral glycoprotein, and that of goblet cells in the cecum disclosed PAS-positive sulfated glycoprotein. The latter two sites lacked PL-HRP affinity without or with prior sialidase treatment and apparently possessed neither terminal galactose residues nor galactose-sialic acid dimers. PL-HRP affinity was observed exclusively in the Golgi cisternae of some epithelial cells, thus indicating that galactose occurs transiently as a terminal residue in this site. A few histologic sites, such as pancreatic and gastric zymogen cells and renal tubules, were devoid of both PAS reactivity and basophilia indicative of the presence of complex carbohydrate but stained strongly with the PL-HRP conjugate by means which are not understood. Galactose in the PL-HRP solution blocked or reversed the PL-HRP binding in most of the structures with an affinity for the conjugate, supporting the conclusions that the reagent is specific for galactosyl residues.

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