Self-Management as a Mediator of the Relationship between Social Support Dimensions and Health Outcomes of African American Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 485-494
Author(s):  
Tariq N. Al-Dwaikat ◽  
Diane Orr Chlebowy ◽  
Lynne A. Hall ◽  
Timothy N. Crawford ◽  
Pamela A. Yankeelov
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Functional Support

Social support promotes behavior change and self-management that leads to improved health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of self-management in mediating the relationship between social support dimensions and health outcomes of African Americans with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cross-sectional data were collected from 102 African Americans with T2D at an outpatient clinic. The majority of the participants were female, single, unemployed, and having low income. Functional support, the quality of the primary intimate relationship, and the number of support persons were negatively correlated with depression. Functional support and satisfaction with support explained a significant small amount of the variance in self-management. However, self-management did not mediate the relationships between social support dimensions and the health outcomes. The results of this study shed the light on the unique relationships of social support dimensions with health outcomes of African Americans with T2D.

Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and Psychological Wellbeing of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592092110
Author(s):  
Tariq N. Al-Dwaikat ◽  
Jehad A. Rababah ◽  
Mohammed Munther Al-Hammouri ◽  
Diane Orr Chlebowy
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

Social support improves self-efficacy, which in turns enhances self-management that lead to better psychological outcomes of persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social support and psychological outcomes of adults with T2D. A cross-sectional design was used to recruit a sample of 339 participants from a diabetes clinic. The participants responded to a series of questionnaires on demographics, social support dimensions, and self-management; self-efficacy; and psychological outcomes. The function and quality of social support were positively associated with self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was significantly associated with both self-management and psychological outcomes. In addition, self-efficacy demonstrated successful mediation role in the relationship between social support and psychological outcomes of T2D, however, self-management failed to mediate this relationship. The quality and functionality of social support are distinctive variables that should be recognized to promote social support interventions to reduce or prevent T2D-related psychological outcomes.

scholarly journals Mediating role diet self-efficacy plays in the relationship between social support and diet self-management for patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Qiuli Zhao ◽  
Dan Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Diet Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background It has previously been established that patients who have strong barriers to their diet self-management are more likely to have weak social support; however, the key mechanisms underlying the association between these two variables have not yet been established. This study aims to examine the potential role that diet self-efficacy plays in the relationship between social support and diet behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods It was a cross-sectional survey. Three hundred-eighty patients diagnosed with T2DM were recruited for this study from five community health centers in China. The Chronic Disease Resource Scale (CIRS), Cardiac Diet Self-efficacy Scale (CDSE), and Food Control Behavior Scale (FCBS) were used to estimate participants’ utilization of social resources, diet self-efficacy, and diet self-management, respectively. The data were analyzed utilizing structural equation modelling. Results The results suggest that both higher levels of social support and diet self-efficacy are related to higher levels of diet self-management. The mediating effect that diet self-efficacy has on the relationship between social support and diet self-management was significant (β = .30, p < .05), explaining 55.68% of the total effect of social support on diet self-management. Conclusions Diet self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the association between social support and diet behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Characterizing a Sample of Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Selected Health Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Ji ◽  
Dianxu Ren ◽  
Tiffany L. Gary-Webb ◽  
Jacqueline Dunbar-Jacob ◽  
Judith A. Erlen
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Self Management

Purpose The purpose of the study is to describe the characteristics and selected health outcomes of a sample of Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to examine gender differences based on social cognitive theory. There is limited study in theory-driven research conducted in China and a lack of evidence in collectively examining the associated factors among Chinese patients with T2DM based on a theory, especially among those living in a suburban area. Methods Following a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 207 patients (50.2% women; mean age, 56.1 years) with T2DM from an outpatient clinic in a suburban area of Beijing, China. Participants completed a survey, and clinical values were retrieved from the patients’ medical records. Results Of the participants, more than half had suboptimal glycemic control; only a small proportion had recommended levels in performing self-management behaviors. A large proportion had metabolic syndrome and were overweight or obese. Compared with men, women demonstrated poorer health literacy and problem solving, received less social support, and presented with more depressive symptoms. Conclusion Glycemic control and self-management were suboptimal in this sample, and a large proportion of the sample was at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Gender differences exist regarding health literacy, depressive symptoms, problem solving, and social support. Social cognitive theory may provide a lens for addressing factors that are important in improving health outcomes among Chinese patients with T2DM. This evidence will help health care providers to identify pertinent factors through a multifactorial approach, therefore providing tailored care for Chinese patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Stigma Surrounding Type 2 Diabetes in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12657
Author(s):  
Victor Pedrero ◽  
Jorge Manzi ◽  
Luz Marina Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Management Behaviors

Type 2 diabetes is a global epidemic, and many people feel stigmatized for having this disease. The stigma is a relevant barrier to diabetes management. However, evidence in this regard is scarce in Latin America. This study aimed to analyze the level of stigma surrounding type 2 diabetes in the Colombian population and its relationships with sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial variables and behaviors related to management of the disease (self-management behaviors). This cross-sectional study included 501 Colombian adults with type 2 diabetes. We estimated the relation between stigma and selected variables through linear regression models. Additionally, we analyzed the mediator role of psychosocial variables in the relationship between stigma and self-management behaviors through structural equation models. A total of 16.4% of patients showed concerning levels of stigma. The time elapsed since diagnosis (β = −0.23) and socioeconomic status (β = −0.13) were significant predictors of the level of stigma. Stigma was negatively correlated with self-efficacy (β = −0.36), self-esteem (β = −0.37), and relationship with health care provider (β = −0.46), and positively correlated with stress (β = 0.23). Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and the relationships with health care providers had a mediation role in the relationship between stigma and self-management behaviors. These variables would be part of the mechanisms through which the perception of stigma harms self-management behaviors. The stigma of type 2 diabetes is frequent in the Colombian population and negatively associated with important aspects of disease management.

Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Control over 3 Years among African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany L. Gary ◽  
Kesha Baptiste-Roberts ◽  
Rosa M. Crum ◽  
Lisa A. Cooper ◽  
Daniel E. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Finding ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: It is established that individuals with diabetes have high rates of depression, but the longitudinal relationship between depression and glycemic control has not been well examined, particularly among African Americans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and metabolic control. Method: We conducted an earlier cross-sectional study that demonstrated marginal and significant associations between depressive symptoms (using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) and metabolic control (HbA1c, lipids, blood pressure) among 183 African Americans with type 2 diabetes. In this report, we present data on these individuals, followed for three years, and examine the relationship between change in depressive symptoms and change in metabolic control over that time period. Results: Results showed that that there were no statistically significant associations between baseline or change in depressive symptoms and metabolic control over three years. Limited statistical power may explain this negative finding. Conclusions: This study provides insight into the relationship between depression and metabolic control. Prospective observational studies are needed to further evaluate this relationship.

scholarly journals Mediating Role Diet Self-efficacy Plays in the Relationship Between Social Support and Diet Self-Management For Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Qiuli Zhao ◽  
Dan Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Diet Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: It has previously been established that patients who have strong barriers to their diet self-management are more likely to have weak social support; however, the key mechanisms underlying the association between these two variables have not yet been established. This study aims to examine the potential role that diet self-efficacy plays in the relationship between social support and diet behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: 380 patients diagnosed with T2DM were recruited for this study from five community health centers. The Chronic Disease Resource Scale (CIRS), Cardiac Diet Self-efficacy Scale (CDSE), and Food Control Behavior Scale (FCBS) were used to estimate participants’ utilization of social resources, diet self-efficacy, and diet self-management, respectively. The data were analyzed utilizing structural equation modelling. Results: The results suggest that both higher levels of social support and diet self-efficacy are related to higher levels of diet self-management. The hypothesized model revealed an adequate fit to the data (χ2/df = 2.17, GFI = .93, AGFI = .91, NFI =.90, IFI =.92, IFI =.92, RMSEA =.06). The mediating effect that diet self-efficacy has on the relationship between social support and diet self-management was significant (β = .30, p < .05), explaining 55.68% of the total effect of social support on diet self-management. Conclusions: Diet self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the association between social support and diet behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Relationship between medication adherence and psychosocial adjustment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Duygu Kes ◽  
Feray Gökdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Large City ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
The Relationship

Adherence to drug treatment is a multidimensional concept. It is affected by many factors, such as physiological, psychological, family, environmental and social conditions. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between adherence to medication and psychosocial adjustment. The aim was to explore the relationship between adherence to antidiabetic drugs and the psychosocial adjustment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was conducted between March and June 2018. A convenience sample of participants was recruited from seven internal disease outpatient clinics at a public tertiary hospital, located in a large city that serves as a gateway to nearby rural and urban areas in the north-west region of Turkey. Data were collected using the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS-7), and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale–Self Report (PAIS–SR). This study is reported in accordance with STROBE. Pearson’s correlation analysis found a significant weak positive correlation between all domains of the PAIS–SR and the total scores on the ARMS‐7. The participants’ scores on medication refill were found to be significantly and positively correlated with all of the PAIS–SR domain scores except the sexual relationships domain. Psychosocial care could play a crucial role in improving drug regimen adherence among patients with diabetes. Therefore, nurses should integrate psychosocial care into daily practice.

scholarly journals Home-Measured Blood Pressure Is Associated with Handgrip Strength in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The KAMOGAWA-HBP Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1913
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kimura ◽  
Emi Ushigome ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Naoko Nakanishi ◽  
Masahide Hamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

The association between blood pressure measured at home and handgrip strength in patients with diabetes has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess this association among patients with type 2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, 157 patients with type 2 diabetes underwent muscle tests and morning and evening blood-pressure measurements at home in triplicate for 14 consecutive days throughout the study period. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relationship between home blood-pressure parameters and handgrip strength. The average age and hemoglobin A1c of the patients were 70.5 years and 7.1%, respectively. Morning diastolic blood pressure of [β (95% confidence interval; CI): 0.20 (0.03, 0.37)] was associated with handgrip strength in men, while morning systolic blood pressure of [−0.09 (−0.15, −0.04)], morning pulse pressure of [−0.14 (−0.21, −0.08)], and evening pulse pressure of [−0.12 (−0.19, −0.04)] were associated with handgrip strength in women. Home-measured blood pressure was associated with handgrip strength. Sex differences were found in the relationship between home blood-pressure parameters and handgrip strength.

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