VIP Potentiates Cholinergic Effects on the Mucociliary System in the Maxillary Sinus

1988 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Lindberg ◽  
Anders Cervin ◽  
Ulf Mercke ◽  
Rolf Uddman
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Sphenopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Mucociliary System ◽  
Parasympathetic Neurons ◽  
Subepithelial Layer ◽  
Photoelectric Technique ◽  
Cholinergic Effects

The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), which is found in a population of cholinergic parasympathetic neurons in the airways, has no effects per se on mucociliary activity. In order to test the hypothesis that VIP may modulate cholinergic regulation of the mucociliary system, VIP was infused intraarterially (8.4 pmol/kg/min), and the response to challenges with methacholine in the maxillary sinus of rabbits were recorded with a photoelectric technique. Occurrence of VIP-like immunoreactivity in the rabbit maxillary sinus, maxillary nerve, and sphenopalatine ganglion was investigated. Immunoreactivlty against VIP was found in nerve fibers in the subepithelial layer of the maxillary sinus and in numerous nerve cell bodies in the sphenopalatine ganglion. Infusion of VIP potentiated the mucociliary increase induced by methacholine. The mucociliary wave frequency change increased from 6.1% ± 1.7% to 13.3% ± 3.9% (0.01 μg/kg methacholine), from 11.6% ± 3.6% to 18.8% ± 2.2% (0.05 μg/kg) and from 17.0% ± 3.0% to 27.4% ± 3.6% (0.1 μg/kg). Both peak responses and response durations increased during infusions. In contrast, the vasodilating agent papaverine sulphate did not influence the mucociliary response to methacholine. The modulating effect of VIP on the mucociliary system, taken together with the morphologic observations, suggest that VIP may have a physiologic role in the regulation of the mucociliary system in the maxillary sinus.

Origin and Distribution of NADPH Diaphorase-Positive Nerves in Rat Nasal Mucosa

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seayuong Jeon ◽  
Jinpyeong Kim ◽  
Euigee Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
Nadph Diaphorase ◽  
Cholinergic Innervation ◽  
Sphenopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Submucosal Glands ◽  
Subepithelial Layer

The aim of this study was to localize the distribution of (reduced) nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) diaphorase-positive nerves in the rat nasal mucosa by NADPH diaphorase histochemistry, and to determine its origin by utilizing retrograde tracing with Fluoro-Gold (FG). Fine varicosities of NADPH diaphorase-positive nerve fibers were distributed around blood vessels (arterioles in particular), submucosal glands, and the subepithelial layer of the nasal mucosa. Most of the ganglion cells and nerve fibers in the sphenopalatine ganglion, and a few ganglion cells in the trigeminal ganglion, were stained by NADPH diaphorase, but no NADPH diaphorase-positive ganglion cells were found in the superior cervical ganglion. Retrograde tracing with FG and co-localization of NADPH diaphorase demonstrated that the FG-labeled ganglion cells in the sphenopalatine ganglion were NADPH diaphorase-positive, but the FG-labeled ganglion cells in both the trigeminal and the superior cervical ganglia were NADPH diaphorase-negative. In conclusion, NADPH diaphorase-positive nerves distribute around blood vessels, around submucosal glands, and in the subepithelial layer of the rat nasal mucosa, and their origin is the sphenopalatine ganglion. These findings imply that nitric oxide may be co-localized to the cholinergic innervation and be involved in vasomotor and secretomotor control of the nasal mucosa.

Aminergic and peptidergic elements and actions in a cardiac parasympathetic ganglion

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (S1) ◽  
pp. S32-S43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz M. Konopka ◽  
Laura A. Merriam ◽  
Jean C. Hardwick ◽  
Rodney L. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Membrane Excitability ◽  
Cardiac Ganglion ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Parasympathetic Neurons ◽  
Intrinsic Neurons

Correlated histochemical, immunocytochemical, and electrophysiological experiments have been undertaken to identify putative neurotransmitter–neuromodulator substances in cells and fibers in the parasympathetic cardiac ganglion of the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus, and to determine the action of these agents on the properties of the parasympathetic postganglionic neurons. The mudpuppy cardiac ganglion contains two neuron types: large parasympathetic postganglionic neurons and smaller intrinsic neurons initially identified as small intensely fluorescent cells. We have shown that the postganglionic neurons contain both acetylcholine and a galanin-like neuropeptide. Also, we have demonstrated that the intrinsic neurons contain a number of different biogenic amines such as dopamine and serotonin, as well as neuropeptides including a substance P-like peptide and a galanin-like peptide. The results of these studies indicate that the anatomical and histochemical organization of the mudpuppy cardiac ganglion is more complex than that seen in other amphibians and is very similar to that found in most mammalian species. Previously, we showed that galanin has actions that make it of interest as a potential inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mudpuppy cardiac ganglion. Galanin hyperpolarizes and decreases membrane excitability in most parasympathetic neurons. Here we show that galanin initiates membrane hyperpolarization by activating a voltage- and time-dependent potassium conductance. We also present the initial results of ongoing studies which indicate that calcitonin gene-related peptide can depolarize some of the parasympathetic neurons as well as evidence that serotonin initiates depolarization in many parasympathetic neurons. This serotonin-induced depolarization consists of an initial transient depolarization followed by a longer, more slowly developing depolarization. Action potential activity is stimulated during the initial period of depolarization, but depressed during the later, slow depolarization. The results of these electrophysiological experiments suggest that many of the bioactive substances that have been identified in the different cells and nerve fibers within the cardiac ganglion affect the excitability of the postganglionic neurons. In conclusion, we suggest that the results of the studies summarized in this review demonstrate that the cardiac ganglion in the mudpuppy is not simply a relay station. Rather, the cardiac ganglion has a complex organization and exhibits a diversity of physiological responses, indicating that it very likely is another site of integration for control of cardiac function.Key words: parasympathetic neurons, cardiac ganglion, neuropeptides, biogenic amines, galanin, serotonin.

scholarly journals Trigeminocardiac Reflex Induced by Maxillary Nerve Stimulation during Sphenopalatine Ganglion Implantation: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Yousef Hammad ◽  
Allison Mootz ◽  
Kevin Klein ◽  
John R. Zuniga
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Chronic Cluster Headache ◽  
Sphenopalatine Ganglion ◽  
Trigeminocardiac Reflex ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Brainstem Reflex ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
Cluster Headaches ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a brainstem reflex following stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, resulting in bradycardia, asystole and hypotension. It has been described in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgeries. This case series highlights TCR events occurring during sphenopalatine ganglion (SPJ) neurostimulator implantation as part of the Pathway CH-2 clinical trial “Sphenopalatine ganglion Stimulation for Treatment of Chronic Cluster Headache”. Methods: This is a case series discussing sphenopalatine ganglion neurostimulator implantation in the pterygopalatine fossa as treatment for intractable cluster headaches. Eight cases are discussed with three demonstrating TCR events. All cases received remifentanil and desflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Results: Each patient with a TCR event experienced severe bradycardia. In two cases, TCR resolved with removal of the introducer, while the third case’s TCR event resolved with both anticholinergic treatment and surgical stimulation cessation. Conclusion: Each TCR event occurred before stimulation of the fixed introducer device, suggesting the cause for the TCR events was mechanical in origin. Due to heightened concern for further TCR events, all subsequent cases had pre-anesthesia external pacing pads placed. Resolution can occur with cessation of surgical manipulation and/or anticholinergic treatment. Management of TCR events requires communication between surgical teams and anesthesia providers, especially during sphenopalatine ganglion implantation when maxillary nerve stimulation is possible.

scholarly journals Isolated schwannoma of maxillary sinus: a rare occurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2296
Author(s):  
Glynis Florence Francis ◽  
Vikram Raj Mohanam T. C. ◽  
Lakshanadeve V. M. ◽  
Mary Kurien ◽  
Anand Mohanraj
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Nerve Sheath ◽  
The Right ◽  
Visual Disturbances

<p>Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from the neural crests (schwann cells), which are cells that form the nerve sheath of peripheral nerve fibers. Around 25-45% cases of schwannomas occur in the head and neck, of which less than 4% occurs in the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. Isolated schwannomas of the maxillary sinus appear to be extremely rare. We report a case of an isolated maxillary schwannoma in a 45 years old lady who presented with swelling in the right cheek for 1 year and right sided nasal obstruction for 4 months. The swelling was not associated with epistaxis, fever, headache or visual disturbances. We report this case keeping in mind the rarity in occurrence of isolated maxillary schwannomas</p>

scholarly journals Schwann cell precursors contribute to skeletal formation during embryonic development in mice and zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (30) ◽  
pp. 15068-15073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Xie ◽  
Dmitrii Kamenev ◽  
Marketa Kaucka ◽  
Maria Eleni Kastriti ◽  
Baoyi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Appendicular Skeleton ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Parasympathetic Neurons ◽  
Schwann Cell Precursors ◽  
Genetic Lineage Tracing ◽  
Skeleton Formation

Immature multipotent embryonic peripheral glial cells, the Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), differentiate into melanocytes, parasympathetic neurons, chromaffin cells, and dental mesenchymal populations. Here, genetic lineage tracing revealed that, during murine embryonic development, some SCPs detach from nerve fibers to become mesenchymal cells, which differentiate further into chondrocytes and mature osteocytes. This occurred only during embryonic development, producing numerous craniofacial and trunk skeletal elements, without contributing to development of the appendicular skeleton. Formation of chondrocytes from SCPs also occurred in zebrafish, indicating evolutionary conservation. Our findings reveal multipotency of SCPs, providing a developmental link between the nervous system and skeleton.

Mast cell quantitation in nasal polyps, sinus mucosa and nasal turbinate mucosa

1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokuni Otsuka ◽  
Kimihiro Ohkubo ◽  
Harumi Seki ◽  
Masaki Ohnishi ◽  
Terumichi Fujikura
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nasal Turbinate ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Subepithelial Layer ◽  
All Diseases ◽  
Sinus Mucosa

The distribution and abundance of mast cells in nasal polyps, the maxillary sinus mucosa of patients with sinusitis and the turbinate mucosa of allergic rhinitis was microscopically examined using different methods of fixation. In the epithelium of the surface and the ducts of nasal polyps (n = 8), the mean number of mast cells was over 20,000 per mm3 using Mota's fixation and the increase was correlated with the epithelial thickness (P<0.05). On the other hand those of the maxillary sinus mucosa (n = 6) and the nasal turbinate mucosa (n = 7) were less than 6,000 per mm3. In the subepithelial layer or areas deeper than the area with the glands, however, mast cell counts were less than 3,200 per mm3 in all diseases. More than 70–90 per cent of all mast cells in the epithelium of the mucosal surface and the ducts of the polyp, the maxillary sinus mucosa and nasal turbinates were formalin sensitive. Most of the mast cells in the subepithelial and deeper areas were formalin resistant in all diseases.These results suggest that conditions for mast cell growth differ between polyps and the other diseases, and that the conditions which affect mast cells may contribute to polyp development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document