Understanding Adverse Outcomes in Gulf Migration: Evidence from Administrative Data from Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 019791832110254
Author(s):  
Asanga Nilesh Fernando ◽  
Alison Lodermeier
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Administrative Dataset ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Workplace Abuse ◽  
Local Recruitment

For many in South Asia, international migration to the Gulf countries provides access to lucrative employment opportunities without domestic comparison. Yet higher wages in Gulf countries are often coupled with poor working conditions, employer malpractice, and abuse. We utilize a unique administrative dataset on Sri Lankan migrant workers and complaints made by them to Sri Lankan Consulates to analyze the prevalence of workplace abuse and employer malpractice along this complex supply chain. Our analysis reveals that Sri Lankan migrants are systematically exposed to fraud and abuse that can, in part, be attributed to factors specific to the local recruitment agency who placed them. Understanding why recruitment agencies systematically differ in the quality of their placements may inform regulatory policy aimed at reducing the risks faced by migrants in destination countries.

The Physical Context of Child Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Gary W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Physical Context ◽  
Physical Setting ◽  
Physical Features

Child development reflects interactions between personal characteristics and the physical and social environment. Psychology, however, lacks analysis of physical features that influence child development. In this article, I describe a preliminary taxonomy of physical-setting characteristics that can influence child development, focusing on environmental stressors such as noise, crowding, and chaos along with structural quality of housing, day care, and schools. Adverse outcomes associated with suboptimal physical settings during childhood include cognitive and socioemotional difficulties along with chronic physiological stress. Both direct effects on the child as well as indirect effects occurring via significant persons surrounding the child are described. Methodological limitations, particularly reliance on observational studies, are a weakness in the current literature, but increasingly more rigorously obtained findings yield converging evidence of the effects of physical settings on child development.

Working Conditions and Special Educators’ Reading Instruction for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 001440292199982
Author(s):  
Hannah Morris Mathews ◽  
Jennifer L. Lillis ◽  
Elizabeth Bettini ◽  
David J. Peyton ◽  
Daisy Pua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Instruction ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Special Educators ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Collegial Support ◽  
Instruction Time ◽  
Role Conceptions ◽  
Students With Ebd

Working conditions may be an important lever to support special educators’ reading instruction for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). Thus, we explored how working conditions relate to the quality of special educators’ reading instruction in upper-elementary, self-contained classes for students with EBD. Using mixed methods to examine video observations of reading instruction and varied data sources on working conditions, we found that special educators who provided stronger instruction had a partner coleading their program, and consistent paraprofessionals, with time and support for training. Partners and paraprofessionals, together, protected special educators’ instruction time. Other conditions (i.e., material resources, role differentiation, role conceptions, planning time) emerged as potentially important, but evidence was less robust. Results indicate partners and paraprofessionals may be important forms of collegial support. These findings have important implications for improving the quality of instruction in self-contained settings for students with EBD.

Predictors of loneliness among the left-behind children of migrant workers in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cut Maghfirah Faisal ◽  
Sherly Saragih Turnip
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parental Presence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Emotional Loneliness ◽  
Children Of Migrant Workers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare loneliness between the left-behind children of migrant workers and the non-left-behind ones, and identify the most significant predictors of loneliness among the left-behind children. Design/methodology/approach Incidental sampling was performed to select 629 participants aged 11–16 from 5 schools in the rural areas of Karawang and Lombok in Indonesia. They filled in paper-and-pencil self-report inventories. Findings Left-behind children were significantly lonelier than their counterparts were. Emotional loneliness was more affected by parental absence compared to social loneliness. Left-behind children would be more susceptible to experience loneliness if they had more access to entertainment gadgets, experienced less support and intimacy from friends, had been left by their migrant parents more than once, were female, had low self-esteem, experienced emotional difficulties and rarely communicated with their parents. Research limitations/implications Qualitative research was needed to provide more elaborative explanation about the findings. Practical implications Parents needed to consider the psychological cost and benefit of working abroad to their children. Governments could intervene by limiting the duration and frequency of work among the migrant workers. Social implications Some beneficial implications to prevent and reduce loneliness among left-behind children were provided, such as by maintaining the frequency and quality of communication with the children, motivating and guiding the children to interact with their peers and spend less time on entertainment gadgets, as well as encouraging the children to engage in several positive activities to enhance their self-esteem. Originality/value This study enriched the understanding about complex relationship between parental presence and adolescents’ mental health despite the fact that adolescents seemed to be more interested in relationships with peers.

Comparison Experiment for Two Kinds of Hypoid Gear Drives

2010 ◽  
Vol 20-23 ◽  
pp. 1385-1390
Author(s):  
Hong Bin Yang ◽  
Xiao Hong Wang ◽  
Zong De Fang
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Hypoid Gear ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Comparison Experiment ◽  
Gear Drives

To develop a good quality of hypoid gear drive, the authors test the vibration and noise of two kinds of hypoid gear drives under different working conditions. The test object is a pair of hypoid gear drive used in the back axle of one minivan and a designed hypoid gear drive with high teeth based on the former. The results indicate that the hypoid gear drive with high teeth has lower vibration and noise.

Male-Female Wage Differences: The Importance of Compensating Differentials

ILR Review ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall K. Filer
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Compensating Differentials ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female Wage ◽  
Wage Equations ◽  
Employment Survey

This study investigates the extent to which differences in average earnings between men and women may be the result of sorting by the sexes into jobs with different average levels of disagreeable and agreeable working conditions. An analysis of data from the 1977 Quality of Employment Survey shows that, on average, men and women hold jobs with substantially different working conditions and that these differences are of a pattern suggesting the need to pay higher wages to attract employees to the jobs held by men. Estimation of wage equations shows that these differences in working conditions contribute significantly to the ability to explain average earnings for each sex.

Filipino Domestic Workers and Their Capacity Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-841
Author(s):  
Jennifer Loh ◽  
Alicia F. Estrellado
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study explored the day-to-day experiences of female Filipino domestic workers in Singapore, including their working conditions, employee–employer relationships, and psychological health. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 women. Using grounded theory, the emergent themes revealed high levels of variation, both within and between women, suggesting that the quality of domestic workers’ lives depends largely on the personal characteristics of their employers or the workers themselves, rather than on any system of protection. More importantly, participants displayed positive and resilient coping strategies which enabled them to thrive despite restrictive circumstances. Implications pertaining to capabilities and empowerment development were discussed.

scholarly journals Professionals’ views on working in the field of domestic violence and abuse during the first wave of COVID-19: a qualitative study in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E. van Gelder ◽  
Ditte L. van Haalen ◽  
Kyra Ekker ◽  
Suzanne A. Ligthart ◽  
Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown evoked great worries among professionals in the field of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) as they expected a rise of the phenomenon. While many countries reported increased DVA, the Netherlands did not. To understand this discrepancy and the overall impact of the lockdown on DVA support services, we interviewed DVA professionals about their experiences with DVA during the rise of COVID-19, the impact of the lockdown on clients and working conditions, and views on eHealth and online tools. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 16 DVA professionals with various specializations. This data was analyzed using open thematic coding and content analysis. Results Most professionals did not see an increase in DVA reports but they did notice more severe violence. They experienced less opportunities to detect DVA and worried about their clients’ wellbeing and the quality of (online) care. Furthermore, their working conditions rapidly changed, with working from home and online, and they expressed frustration, insecurity and loneliness. Professionals feel eHealth and online tools are not always suitable but they do see them as an opportunity to increase reach and maintain services when physical contact is not possible. Conclusion This study suggests DVA was probably under-detected during the lockdown rather than not having increased. The Dutch system heavily relies on professionals to detect and report DVA, suggesting a need for critical evaluation of the accessibility of professional help. Professionals experienced significant challenges and should themselves be supported psychologically and in their changed work practices to maintain their ability to aid survivors.

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