Vitamin B6 During Pregnancy

A vitamin B6 deficiency develops during pregnancy and contributing factors include: a disturbance in vitamin B6 metabolism caused by increasing levels of oestrogens; increasing fetal demand for vitamin B6; a disturbance in vitamin B6 status caused by oral contraceptive usage prior to conception; a deficient intake of vitamin B6. Hormonal changes and increasing fetal requirements impose considerable stress on maternal vitamin B6 status but are the inevitable consequences of pregnancy. In contrast, longterm use of oral contraceptives before pregnancy and an inadequate vitamin B6 intake, both prior to and during pregnancy, are potentially avoidable. Dietary intakes of vitamin B6 in many women fall well below the recommended 1.5–2.0mg/day before pregnancy and 2.5mg/day during pregnancy. Although supplementation with synthetic vitamin B6 is advocated by many, much greater emphasis should also be placed on a wholesome, healthy diet. Examples are given of foods high and low in vitamin B6 and of a daily diet providing 2.5mg of vitamin B6.

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Consequences of a Maternal Vitamin B6 Deficiency on Hypercapnic Response in Rat Pups

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1137.19 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica Lynn St. Laurent ◽

Kimberly Iceman ◽

Michael Bruce Harris

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B6 ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Rat Pups ◽

Vitamin B6 Deficiency ◽

Hypercapnic Response

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Experimental Vitamin B6 Deficiency and the Effect of Oestrogen-Containing Oral Contraceptives on Tryptophan Metabolism and Vitamin B6 Requirements

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0420465 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 465-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

D. P. Rose ◽

R. Strong ◽

P. W. Adams ◽

P. E. Harding

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptive ◽

Oral Contraceptives ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Tryptophan Metabolism ◽

Acid Excretion ◽

Aminotransferase Activity ◽

Acid Ratio ◽

Vitamin B6 Deficiency ◽

Hydroxyanthranilic Acid ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase Activity

1. A vitamin B6-deficient diet was fed to an adult male subject to confirm previously described changes in tryptophan metabolism and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion, and erythrocyte alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities. 2. The results were compared with those obtained in women taking oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives. 3. The development of dietary vitamin B6 deficiency was indicated by decreased 4-pyridoxic acid excretion, increased urinary concentrations of xanthurenic acid, kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine, an elevated 3-hydroxykynurenine/3-hydroxyanthranilic acid ratio and impaired erythrocyte aminotransferase activities. 4. Tryptophan metabolites and 4-pyridoxic acid excretion were determined in thirty-one women when they had been taking an oral contraceptive for 6–36 months. Of these, twenty-six had abnormal tryptophan metabolism, but the 4-pyridoxic acid was decreased in only seven. In six of these seven a raised 3-hydroxykynurenine/3-hydroxyanthranilic acid ratio supported a diagnosis of subclinical vitamin B6 deficiency; erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity was determined in five of the six, and was decreased in three. 5. Erythrocyte aminotransferases were determined in sixteen women when they had been taking an oral contraceptive for 3–6 months, and in thirty-four women after 6–36 months treatment. Neither group showed any change in alanine aminotransferase activity, but the aspartate aminotransferase was elevated in the group treated for 6 months or longer.

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Effects of maternal vitamin B6 deficiency and over-supplementation on DNA damage and oxidative stress in rat dams and their offspring

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 80 ◽

pp. 201-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mara Ribeiro Almeida ◽

Vinícius Paula Venâncio ◽

Alexandre Ferro Aissa ◽

Joana Darc Castania Darin ◽

Maria Lourdes Pires Bianchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B6 Deficiency ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Vitamin B6 Status among Vegetarians: Findings from a Population-Based Survey

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051627 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1627

Author(s):

Paula Schorgg ◽

Till Bärnighausen ◽

Sabine Rohrmann ◽

Aedin Cassidy ◽

Nena Karavasiloglou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B6 ◽

High Performance ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Population Based ◽

Vegetarian Diet ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Vitamin B6 Deficiency ◽

Objectively Measured

Vitamin B6 from plant foods may have lower bioavailability than vitamin B6 from animal foods, but studies on objectively measured vitamin B6 status among vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians are lacking. Thus, the vitamin B6 status among vegetarians, but also pescatarians, and flexitarians, compared to meat-eaters was assessed in the population-based NHANES study (cycles 2007–2008 and 2009–2010). Data on serum pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as dietary intakes from 24-h recalls were available for 8968 adults aged 20–80 years. Geometric mean (±standard error) PLP concentrations were 58.2 ± 6.0, 52.1 ± 3.7, 49.2 ± 4.6 and 51.0 ± 1.1 nmol/L among vegetarians, pescatarians, flexitarians, and meat-eaters. The 4-PA concentrations were 32.7 ± 4.0, 29.0 ± 2.5, 34.8 ± 5.6 and 33.0 ± 0.7, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in PLP, 4-PA, and their ratio across the groups in multivariable linear regression models. Overall, the use of vitamin B6 supplements was the strongest predictor of the vitamin B6 status, followed by the dietary vitamin B6 intake. Interestingly, several other covariates were significantly associated with vitamin B6 biomarker levels, particularly serum albumin, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase, and should be considered when assessing the vitamin B6 status. In summary, our findings suggest that a vegetarian diet does not pose a risk for vitamin B6 deficiency.

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THE ÆTIOLOGICAL ROLE OF MATERNAL VITAMIN-B6 DEFICIENCY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(77)92061-x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 309 (8012) ◽

pp. 628-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

C.I. Levene ◽

J.C. Murray

Keyword(s):

Vitamin B6 ◽

Maternal Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B6 Deficiency

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Vitamin B6 deficiency disrupts serotonin signaling in pancreatic islets and induces gestational diabetes in mice

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01900-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ashley M. Fields ◽

Kevin Welle ◽

Elaine S. Ho ◽

Clementina Mesaros ◽

Martha Susiarjo

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Pancreatic Islets ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Serotonin Receptor ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Β Cell ◽

Vitamin B6 Deficiency ◽

Maternal Glucose

AbstractIn pancreatic islets, catabolism of tryptophan into serotonin and serotonin receptor 2B (HTR2B) activation is crucial for β-cell proliferation and maternal glucose regulation during pregnancy. Factors that reduce serotonin synthesis and perturb HTR2B signaling are associated with decreased β-cell number, impaired insulin secretion, and gestational glucose intolerance in mice. Albeit the tryptophan-serotonin pathway is dependent on vitamin B6 bioavailability, how vitamin B6 deficiency impacts β-cell proliferation during pregnancy has not been investigated. In this study, we created a vitamin B6 deficient mouse model and investigated how gestational deficiency influences maternal glucose tolerance. Our studies show that gestational vitamin B6 deficiency decreases serotonin levels in maternal pancreatic islets and reduces β-cell proliferation in an HTR2B-dependent manner. These changes were associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, however insulin secretion remained intact. Our findings suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency-induced gestational glucose intolerance involves additional mechanisms that are complex and insulin independent.

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