Influence of Listener Characteristics on Perceptions of Sex and Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne B. Hancock ◽  
Sara F. Pool
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Speech Treatment ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Display

Inclusion of sex-atypical voices in speech perception protocols can reveal variations in listener perception and is particularly applicable in developing guidelines for transgender speech treatment. Ninety-three listeners, divided into four groups based on sex and sexual orientation, provided auditory-perceptual measures of sex and gender display for 21 cisgender men, 21 cisgender women, and 22 transgender women. There was no significant evidence that those listener characteristics were influential, except transgender women were perceived as significantly more feminine by nonstraight compared with straight listeners.

scholarly journals Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Infection in Cisgender and Transgender Women in the U.S.: A Narrative Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleta Baldwin ◽  
Brenda Light ◽  
Waridibo E. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Trans Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The U.S

AbstractUsing a socioecological approach, this review describes the peer-reviewed literature on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among both cisgender (cis women) and transgender women (trans women) in the U.S. A search of the PubMed database and HIV-related conference abstracts generated over 2,200 articles and abstracts. Of these, 103 fulfilled review inclusion criteria. Most of the existing research presents findings on individual-level factors associated with PrEP use such as willingness and perceived barriers. There was far less investigation of factors related to PrEP at more distal ecological levels. Though trans women are at greater risk of HIV infection than cisgender women, less is known about this population group with respect to PrEP despite their inclusion in many major clinical trials. Further, the literature is characterized by a persistent conflation of sex and gender which makes it difficult to accurately assess the reviewed research on HIV prevention and PrEP apart from risk group. Informed by these findings, we highlight specific opportunities to improve access to PrEP and reduce socioecological barriers to PrEP care engagement for cisgender and transgender women.

scholarly journals Community attitudes on genetic research of gender identity, sexual orientation, and mental health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor R. Thomas ◽  
Dabney Hofammann ◽  
Brooke G. McKenna ◽  
Anna I.R. van der Miesen ◽  
Mark A. Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research

ABSTRACTBiological sex is an important factor in mental health, and a non-binary view of how variation in sex and gender influence mental health represents a new research frontier that may yield new insights. The recent acceleration of research into sexual orientation, gender identity, and mental health has generally been conducted without sufficient understanding of the opinions of sexual and gender minorities (SGM) toward this research. We surveyed 768 individuals, with an enrichment of LGBTQ+ stakeholders, for their opinions regarding genetic research of SGM and mental health. We found that the key predictors of attitudes toward genetic research specifically on SGM are 1) general attitudes toward genetic and mental health research 2) tolerance of SGM and associated behaviors 3) non-cisgender stakeholder status and 4) age of the respondent. Non-heterosexual stakeholder status was significantly associated with increased willingness to participate in genetic research if a biological basis for gender identity were discovered. We also found that non-stakeholders with a low tolerance for SGM indicated their SGM views would be positively updated if science showed a biological basis for their behaviors and identities. These findings represent an important first step in understanding and engaging the LGBTQ+ stakeholder community in the context of genetic research.

scholarly journals Transmuting Gender Binaries: The Theoretical Challenge

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Monro
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Transgender Studies ◽  
Poststructuralist Theory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Empirical Material

This paper provides a cross-cultural account of gender diversity which explores the territory that is opened up when sex, gender, and sexual orientation, binaries are disrupted or displaced. Whilst many people who identify as trans or intersex see themselves as male or female, others identify in ways which destabilize sex/gender and sexual orientation binaries. The paper provides a typology of ways in which sex/gender diversity can be conceptualized, and draws out the implications for theorizing gender. It discusses the contributions made by the new wave of authors working in the field of transgender studies; authors who draw on and inform the sociology of sex and gender, feminisms, and poststructuralist theory. It based on empirical material from research carried out in India and the UK.

scholarly journals Science in service of theology: Gender and sexual orientation

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter H. Labuschagne
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Way

By reflecting on sexuality, gender and gender roles, this article compared the contributions of two sources: one from the medical sciences and one from theology. These publications paved the way for an informed theological reflection on the ministry of people from an LGBT orientation. The motivation for this article was McHugh and Mayer’s statement that science offers limited answers to gender matters and that help should be sought from the humanities. The interdisciplinary nature of the research challenged us to consider non-theological data and to formulate our theological convictions better. An integrative literature review was used as research method and key research concepts included sex, gender and what influences these predispositions. The findings were analysed and synthesised and presented in a way that posed new questions for future research. It encouraged us to make informed decisions when offering theological responses to sex and gender. The inability of the natural sciences to identify causative factors of gender confusion opened the door to the humanities. It afforded theology an opportunity to engage with other sciences while addressing sex and gender from a faith perspective. This article presented a broad multi-disciplinary understanding of gender and sexual orientation and paved the way for theological reflection that is scientifically sound. Shifting our focus from causative to environmental factors in gender research was a profitable endeavour. Our first responsibility as religious practitioners is not to protect truth and condemn behaviour at the cost of people, but to liberate people to share in the fulness of life.Contribution: This article promoted collaboration between theology and the natural sciences on matters of gender and sexual orientation. It was found that there is room for theology to investigate the role that environmental factors play in this regard. This approach corresponds with the aim of In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi to promote multi-disciplinary research where religious studies engage with social sciences, human sciences, or even natural sciences.

scholarly journals How Do People Perceive Sexual Harassment Targeting Transgender Women, Lesbians, and Straight Cisgender Women?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mezzapelle ◽  
Anna Reiman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gender Harassment ◽  
Lesbian Woman ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Male Colleague ◽  
And Gender

Third-party observers’ opinions affect how organizations handle sexual harassment. Prior research has focused on perceptions of sexual harassment targeting straight cisgender women. We examined how targets’ sexual orientation and gender identity impact these perceptions. In three preregistered studies, straight cisgender participants imagined a coworker confided that a male colleague had sexually harassed her. The target was a transgender woman, a lesbian woman, or a woman whose sexual orientation and gender identity were unspecified. In Study 1 (N=428), participants reported believing that sexual harassment targeting lesbians and women with unspecified identities was most likely motivated by attraction and power, whereas sexual harassment targeting transgender women was seen as most likely motivated by power and prejudice. Despite these differences in perceived motivation, in Study 2 (N=421) perceptions of appropriate consequences for the perpetrator did not vary based on the target’s identity. Study 3 (N=473) demonstrated that the specific behavior of which sexual harassment is assumed to consist differs based on the target’s identity. Whereas women with unspecified identities and lesbians were assumed to face stereotypical attraction-based harassment, transgender women were assumed to face gender harassment. Stereotypes about sexual harassment can bias third-party assumptions, invalidating experiences that do not match pervasive stereotypes.

scholarly journals AMBIGUITY OF GENDER IDENTITY IN SHAKESPEARE’S TWELFTH NIGHT

JURNAL BASIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Resneri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Twelfth Night ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender

Gender is often identified with sex and gender, even though they have different concepts. It is associated with men and women who are socially and culturally formed. Understanding about masculine and feminine discourses are formed to identify gender identity which men must behave masculine and women must behave feminine. Taking William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night play as its object, this study aims to see how gender identity displayed and describe the ambiguity of gender identity that is acted by character in the play. The data which were taken from the play were analyzed by relating them to the secondary data taken from references discussing the gender identity depicted in the play. The study concluded that sex, gender and sexual orientation are something that is fluid, not natural and changing and constructed by social conditions. Changes of the identity can be said changing with the form performativity shown, namely by disguise.

The Meaning of Difference: American Constructions of Race, Sex and Gender, Social Class, and Sexual Orientation

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Susan M. Alexander ◽  
Karen E. Rosenblum ◽  
Toni-Michelle C. Travis ◽  
Virginia Cyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Understanding lesbian, gay, and bisexual worker stigmatization: a review of the literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor G. Gates ◽  
Pamela A. Viggiani
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexual Orientation Identity ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
And Gender

Purpose – Stigmatization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people at work is an enduring social problem, yet little is known about how those experiences differ. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the above issue. Design/methodology/approach – Using a framework of modified labeling, this conceptual paper addresses that gap by reviewing the literature on differences in LGB worker stigmatization by type of sexual orientation identity, outness, sex and gender identity, and education and social class. Findings – Findings in the literature were that LGB workers are labeled as outsiders, and treated differently in many workplaces. However, there are other distinctions, based upon type of sexual orientation identity (i.e. whether someone is lesbian, gay, or bisexual), sex and gender identity, outness at work, and education and social classes. Originality/value – Moreover, the paper proposes additional aspects of LGB worker stigmatization needing further empirical study.

The Ethics of Studying the Origins of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Gender Variant ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Strong Claim

Research has a complicated and problematic history when it comes to the study of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Some past researchers exerted a great deal of effort, for example, to identify ways to treat people for homosexuality and to prevent the emergence of same-sex sexual interests. The same approach has prevailed with regard to the study of gender-variant people, namely those people who express a gender at odds with the gender socially expected of them as a matter of body type. Reconceptualizing the nature of sexual orientations and gender in more inclusive ways has led to significant changes in research involving sexual gender minorities, for both adults and minors. As a way of protecting SGMs from the effect of historical misunderstanding and possible misuse of research, some commentators have called for bans against the study of the origins of sexual orientation and gender identification and/or against the study of interventions that could modify sexual orientation or gender. It is unclear that absolute bans on these kinds of research are entirely defensible philosophically, but it is also important to frame research programs and priorities in line with the requirements of social justice. One can argue that research important to the welfare of sex and gender minorities has a strong claim to moral priority and support as a matter of status equality. This chapter will review and evaluate criticism of study of the origins of sexual and gender identification and make the case for framing research agendas in a way that serves status equality for SGMs.

1. Introduction to Family Law

Family Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Joanna Miles ◽  
Rob George ◽  
Sonia Harris-Short
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Family Law ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
System P ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rules Versus Discretion ◽  
And Gender

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter begins with an overview of families and family law in England and Wales today. It then discusses themes and issues in contemporary family law, covering rules versus discretion; women’s and men’s perspectives on family law; sex and gender identity; sexual orientation; cultural diversity; and state intervention versus private ordering, including the role of the family court and of non-court dispute resolution in family cases, and challenges facing the family justice system.

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