scholarly journals Adsorption–desorption of ethanol on sulfonated resin catalysts for ethyl-tert-butyl ether synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 630-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina V Vlasenko ◽  
Yuri N Kochkin ◽  
Aleksey P Filippov ◽  
Tamila G Serebrii ◽  
Peter E Strizhak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Adsorbed Complex ◽  
Gel Phase ◽  
Desorption Mechanism ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Ether Synthesis ◽  
Ethanol Adsorption

Ethanol adsorption on sulfonic resins of different morphological types, such as gel, macroporous sulfonic resin, mixed sample (1:1 mixture of gel-type sulfonic resin with aerosil) and sulfonic resin loaded on wide-porous mineral carrier was studied using the methods of quasi-equilibrium thermal desorption and quartz crystal microbalance. It has been observed that the faster ethanol adsorption proceeds on the macroporous sulfonic resin and the slower ethanol adsorption on the gel-type one. It is due to different swelling ability. It was found that the transfer of the ethanol molecules through the gel phase of sulfonic resin proceeds by means of the adsorption–desorption mechanism. The ratio of ethanol adsorption on sulfonic resin is one molecule per one acid site. During the ethanol adsorption on the gel and mixed sulfonic resin, one type of adsorbed complex is formed, whereas on the macroporous and loaded samples two adsorbed complexes with different energies are formed. This is probably because of the different localization of the acid sulfonic groups.

Effect of adsorption–desorption of reaction mixture components on ethyl-tert-butyl ether synthesis over commercial sulfonic acid resins

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1142-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Vlasenko ◽  
Yu.N. Kochkin ◽  
A.P. Filippov ◽  
T.G. Serebriy ◽  
P.E. Strizhak
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Ether Synthesis

Evaluation of the adsorption and desorption properties of zeolitic imidazolate framework-7 for volatile organic compounds through thermal desorption-gas chromatography

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (40) ◽  
pp. 4894-4901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ting Zhao ◽  
Li-Qing Yu ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
Xin-Yu Yang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Thermal Desorption ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ◽  
Gate Opening ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Stacking Effect ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The adsorption/desorption properties of VOCs on ZIF-7 were evaluated by TD-GC. It was found that there are hydrophobic interaction, π–π stacking effect, molecular size effect and “gate-opening” effect between VOCs and ZIF-7.

Modeling the Bottom-Up Filling of Through-Silicon vias Through Suppressor Adsorption/Desorption Mechanism

2013 ◽  
Vol 160 (12) ◽  
pp. D3051-D3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Aleksandar Radisic ◽  
Johan Deconinck ◽  
Philippe M. Vereecken
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Up ◽  
Through Silicon Vias ◽  
Desorption Mechanism ◽  
Silicon Vias ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Experimental study and molecular dynamics simulation of wall slip in a micro-extrusion flowing process

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Zhao ◽  
Y Jin ◽  
M Wang ◽  
M Song
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Slip Velocity ◽  
Polymer Melts ◽  
Critical Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Slip ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Desorption Mechanism ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Wall slip is one of the most important characteristics of polymer melts’ elasticity behaviours as well as the most significant factor which affects the flow of polymer melts. Based on the traditional Mooney method, through a double-barrel capillary rheometer, the relationship between velocities of wall slip, shear stress, shear rate, diameters of dies, and temperature of polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is explored. The results indicate that the velocities of the wall slip of PP and HDPE increase apparently with shear stress and slightly with temperature. Meanwhile, the rise of temperature results in the decrease of critical shear stress. The wall-slip velocities of PS and PMMA are negative which means that the Mooney method based on the adsorption–desorption mechanism has determinate limitation to calculate the wall-slip velocity. Based on the entanglement–disentanglement mechanism, a new wall-slip model is built. With the new model, the calculation values of velocity of PP and HDPE correspond to the experimental values very well and the velocities of PS and PMMA are positive. The velocities of PS and PMMA increase obviously with the rise of shear stress. The rise of temperature results in the increase of velocity and decrease of critical shear stress. Then, the molecular dynamics simulation is used to investigate the combining energy between four polymer melts and the inside wall. The results show that at the given temperature and pressure, the molecules of PS and PMMA combine with atoms of the wall more tightly than those of PP and HDPE which means when wall slip occurs, the molecules of PS and PMMA near the wall will adsorb to the surface of the wall. However, those of PP and HDPE will be easy to slip. Therefore, the wall-slip mechanism of PP and HDPE is the adsorption–desorption mechanism, and that of PS and PMMA is the entanglement–disentanglement mechanism. According to the different wall-slip mechanisms of four polymers, an all-sided calculation method of wall-slip velocity is raised which consummates the theory of wall slip of polymer melts.

Dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent in the Williamson ether synthesis

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2015-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russel G. Smith ◽  
Alan Vanterpool ◽  
H. Jean Kulak
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Butyl Alcohol ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Butyl Chloride ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Ether Synthesis ◽  
Williamson Ether Synthesis

Using the conventional Williamson ether synthesis, n-butyl ether was prepared from sodium hydroxide, n-butyl alcohol, and n-butyl chloride using excess of the alcohol as solvent in 61% yield after 14 h reaction time. However, when the excess alcohol was replaced by dimethyl sulfoxide, the yield of ether rose to 95% with 9.5 h reaction time. Other primary alkyl chlorides exhibited similar behavior to n-butyl chloride, but secondary alkyl chlorides and primary alkyl bromides gave little etherification, elimination being the major reaction. Unreactive halides, such as vinyl chloride, phenyl bromide, and 2,4-dinitrobromobenzene, were not etherified in dimethyl sulfoxide. The reaction products obtained from aliphatic dichlorides depended upon the relative positions of the chlorine atoms. Secondary alcohols reacted to give ethers, but tertiary alcohols were very unreactive. Polyols generally gave high yields of ethers, the major product being that in which all but one of the hydroxyl groups became etherified. Under forcing conditions, however, completely etherified polyols could be obtained.

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