scholarly journals Surface Characterization of Scheelites

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Herrero García ◽  
J. M. Guil Pinto ◽  
A. Ruiz Paniego
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Scheelite Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Specific Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tungstates and molybdates of Ca, Sr and Cd have been prepared by precipitation. X-ray diffractograms prove them to be stoichiometric compounds with scheelite structure. The surface of the products and its evolution with thermal treatment have been studied by thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, BET specific surface areas have been determined as well as pore volume distribution by adsorption-desorption of nitrogen and mercury porosimetry.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Study of Preparation, Characterization and Temperature-Programmed Reduction of NiO-ZnO Binary Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
Chih Wei Tang ◽  
Jiunn Jer Hwang ◽  
Shie Hsiung Lin ◽  
Chin Chun Chung
Keyword(s):  
Weight Percent ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Temperature Programmed Reduction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The NiO-ZnO binary materials had been prepared by co-precipitation method. The weight percent of nickel of NiO-ZnO materials were 5, 10 and 20; they were pretreated under air at temperature of 300, 500 and 700°C, respectively. The characterization of NiO-ZnO materials were the thermal gravity analysis(TGA), X-ray diffraction(XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption at 77K, scaning electron microscope(SEM) and temperature-programmed reduction(TPR). The results revealed that surface areas of NiO-ZnO materials order from large to small were 20NiZn(OH)x(66 m2·g-1) > 10NiZn(OH)x(34 m2·g-1) > 5NiZn(OH)x(9 m2·g-1) after being calcined at the temperature of 500°C. Further, NiO-ZnO materials had two main reductive peaks at 390-415°C and 560-657°C, respectively. In all NiO-ZnO materials, 20NiZn(OH)x-C500 material had the highest surface area and the best interaction between NiO and ZnO.

The Formation and Characterization of Poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) Pulps via Stirred Solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 620-623
Author(s):  
Rong Biao Liu ◽  
Xin Xin Li ◽  
Jun Qian ◽  
Zhe Wen Han
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Specific Surface Areas ◽  
Scanning Electron

PBO (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) short fibers, attached fine fibrils that are called PBO pulp, may precipitate directly from stirred PBO/methanesulfonic acid (MSA) solution by the use of water coagulant in fibrous pulp form. Scanning electron micrographs show that the precipitated PBO pulps have a ribbon-like structure similar to Kevlar pulps. The thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) show there were no appreciable mass changes until 550 °C in the air. The process yields PBO pulps with different specific surface areas (SSA) depending on the stirring speed, stirring time and the concentration of the PBO/MSA solution. High SSA PBO pulps can be produced by increasing the stirring speed, prolonging the stirring time and reducing the concentration of the PBO/MSA solution.

Surface Characterization of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Thin Films Treated by Various Solutions

1996 ◽  
Vol 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wada ◽  
Y. Hashimoto ◽  
K. Kusao ◽  
N. Kohara ◽  
T. Negami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cation Ratio ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractCu-rich Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Cu-rich CIGS film were treated in KCN and NH3 solutions. In the as-deposited Cu-rich CIGS film, the cation ratio of Cu/(In+Ga) at the surface exceeded the bulk value. Cross-sectional TEM of the KCN-treated film suggested that Cu2-xSe existed both at the grain boundaries and on the grains near the surface of the Cu-rich CIGS film. The Cu2-xSe was completely removed by the treatment in the KCN solution and was removed only at the front surface by treatment in the NH3 solution.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra excavated in Lu’an, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Liu ◽  
Decai Gong ◽  
Zhengquan Yao ◽  
Liangjie Xu ◽  
Zhanyun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Lead White ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Historically, sutras played an important role in spreading Buddhist faith and doctrine, and today these remain important records of Buddhist thought and culture. A Mahamayuri Vidyarajni Sutra with polychrome paintings was found inside the cavity on top of the Nanmen Buddhist pagoda, built in the early Tang dynasty (618–627 CE) and located in Anhui Province, China. Textile was found on the preface which is strongly degraded and fragile. Unfortunately, the whole sutra is under severe degradation and is incomplete. Technical analysis based on scientific methods will benefits the conservation of the sutra. Optical microscopy (OM), micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscope (Raman), scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the pigment and gilded material, as well as the paper fiber and textile. Pigments such as cinnabar, minium, paratacamite, azurite, lead white were found. Gilded material was identified as gold. A five-heddle warp satin, made of silk, was found as the textile on the preface of the sutra. The sutra’s preface and inner pages were made of paper comprised of bamboo and bark. As a magnificent yet recondite treasure of Buddhism, the sutra was analyzed for a better understanding of the material. A conservation project of the sutra will be scheduled accordingly.

Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

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