STRATEGIES IN CONVEYING INFORMATION ABOUT UNSHARED EVENTS USING AIDED COMMUNICATION

Describing events may be challenging for any child, but children who use communication aids may face unique linguistic, pragmatic, and strategic challenges in conveying information with the communication means they have available. This study explores strategies used by young, aided communicators when describing the content of a video unknown to their communication partners. The participants of the study were 48 aided communicators (aged 5;3–15;2) from nine countries and seven language groups and their communication partners (parents, professionals, and peers) who used natural speech. Descriptive and statistical analyses were utilized to investigate the relationships between individual characteristics, linguistic and non-linguistic factors, linguistic strategies, and performance in conveying the content of the video event. Analyses of the 48 videotaped interactions revealed the use of a variety of linguistic elements and multimodal strategies, demonstrating both creativity and challenges. Success in relaying messages was significantly related to age, mode of communication, and individual profiles, such as everyday communication functioning and comprehension of grammar. Measures of receptive vocabulary and non-verbal reasoning were not significantly related to communicative success. The use of shared context and negotiation of meaning of potentially ambiguous utterances demonstrate the shared responsibility of disambiguation and meaning construction in interactions involving aided and naturally speaking communicators.

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The Influence of Language Context on Repetitive Speech Use in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 327-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Allison Gladfelter ◽

Cassidy VanZuiden

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Receptive Vocabulary ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

School Age Children ◽

Social Responsiveness ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Language Context

Purpose Although repetitive speech is a hallmark characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the contributing factors that influence repetitive speech use remain unknown. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine if the language context impacts the amount and type of repetitive speech produced by children with ASD. Method As part of a broader word-learning study, 11 school-age children with ASD participated in two different language contexts: storytelling and play. Previously collected language samples were transcribed and coded for four types of repetitive speech: immediate echolalia, delayed echolalia, verbal stereotypy, and vocal stereotypy. The rates and proportions of repetitive speech were compared across the two language contexts using Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests. Individual characteristics were further explored using Spearman correlations. Results The children produced lower rates of repetitive speech during the storytelling context than the play-based context. Only immediate echolalia differed between the two contexts based on rate and approached significance based on proportion, with more immediate echolalia produced in the play-based context than in the storytelling context. There were no significant correlations between repetitive speech and measures of social responsiveness, expressive or receptive vocabulary, or nonverbal intelligence. Conclusions The children with ASD produced less immediate echolalia in the storytelling context than in the play-based context. Immediate echolalia use was not related to social skills, vocabulary, or nonverbal IQ scores. These findings offer valuable insights into better understanding repetitive speech use in children with ASD.

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Flavor Profiling by Consumers Segmented According to Product Involvement and Food Neophobia

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 598

Author(s):

Yun-Mi Lee ◽

Seo-Jin Chung ◽

John Prescott ◽

Kwang-Ok Kim

Keyword(s):

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Black Tea ◽

Sensory Attributes ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Product Involvement ◽

Discriminative Ability ◽

Food Neophobia ◽

Personal Involvement ◽

Intensity Rating ◽

And Performance

The relationship between food-related individual characteristics and performance in sensory evaluation was investigated. The study focused on differences in discriminative ability and perceptual sensitivity according to levels of product involvement or food neophobia during the intensity rating of sensory attributes in consumer profiling. Consumers (N = 247) rated the intensity of attributes for seven flavored black tea drinks and completed the Food Neophobia Scale and the Personal Involvement Inventory measuring product involvement with the flavored black tea drink. In the higher product involvement (IH) group and the lower food neophobia (NL) group, the number of sensory attributes representing the sample effect and of subsets discriminating the samples were greater, and more total variance of the samples was explained. The higher the product involvement or the lower the food neophobia, the greater the differentiation in characterizing samples with more attributes in the intensity ratings. Interestingly, the high food neophobia (NH) group showed less active performance compared to the NL group during the sensory evaluation overall, but the NH group was more concerned about unfamiliar attributes and samples. The results implied that the positive attitude resulting from high product involvement and low food neophobia may induce more active behavior and better performance during the sensory evaluation.

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Volitional regulation and performance of sports gifted young athletes

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20197008042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 08042

Author(s):

Natalya Ulyanova ◽

Oksana Chernykh

Keyword(s):

Joint Effect ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Self Control ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽

Athletic Success ◽

Significant Regression ◽

And Performance ◽

The Relationship

The empirical study of the involvement of personal volition in the athletic success of young athletes aged 9 to 18 yearsis presented. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between individual characteristics of volitional processes and the grade of sport performance, determined by the sports qualifications of the respondents.The specifics and requirements ofdifferent kinds of sport have been considered. At the sample of young athletes from 9 to 18 years old (N = 145, M = 13,2 years) for some sports (athletics, rock climbing, football)significant regression models were built. Particular characteristics of volitional processes or their combination were discovered as predictors, and the athlete’s performance was a dependent variable. For other sports disciplines (boxing, rowing, swimming, rhythmic gymnastics), such models could not be identified. Moreover, we established that emotional self-control and determination have a joint effect on the grade of sport performance of athletes who was younger than 13, while for athletesfrom 14 to 18 years oldcommon predictors of performance from among volitional qualities was not found.

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How is their word knowledge growing? Exploring Grade 3 vocabulary in South African township schools

South African Journal of Childhood Education ◽

10.4102/sajce.v7i1.553 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Elizabeth J. Pretorius ◽

Lieke Stoffelsma

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Strong Predictor ◽

Vocabulary Knowledge ◽

Receptive Vocabulary ◽

Word Knowledge ◽

Western Cape ◽

School Year ◽

Language Groups ◽

Grade 3 ◽

South African Township

In this article, we report on a study that examined the active and receptive English vocabulary of two different groups of Grade 3 learners in South African township schools. The groups consisted of English Home Language (HL) learners in the Western Cape and Xhosa HL and English First Additional Language (FAL) learners in the Eastern Cape. The purpose was to document their different vocabulary trajectories during Grade 3. The Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey was used to measure the active vocabulary levels of 118 learners at the beginning and the end of the school year. Another 284 learners from the same eight Grade 3 classes participated in a receptive vocabulary test at the end of the year. This test assessed their knowledge of the 60 most frequent words that occur in South Africa Grade 4 English textbooks. Results showed that although the HL learners knew almost double the number of words their English FAL peers did, both groups of learners increased their active word knowledge through the year by about 9%. Regarding their receptive vocabulary, the English FAL learners on average only knew 27% of the most frequent words at the end of their Grade 3. No significant gender differences were found. Learners in both language groups who were above their grade age had significantly lower scores than their younger peers. This confirms findings that children who start school with weak language skills tend to stay weak. Finally, initial active vocabulary knowledge was found to be a strong predictor of vocabulary development during the school year.

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Hierarchies of scientist goal objects: Individual characteristics and performance correlates.

Journal of Applied Psychology ◽

10.1037/h0033098 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 271-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael W. McCarrey ◽

Shirley A. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Individual Characteristics ◽

And Performance

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Peran Mediasi Komitmen Organisasi: Kontribusi Karakteristik Individu terhadap Kinerja Pegawai

JMK (Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan) ◽

10.32503/jmk.v5i3.1153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Ahmad Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Organizational Commitment ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Civil Servants ◽

Quantitative Approach ◽

Survey Method ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

And Performance

This study aims to explore the contribution effect of individual characteristics on organizational commitment and employee performance. The design of this research is a survey method using a questionnaire. The sampling technique was proportional stratified random. The number of respondents was determined as 125 employees through the table krejcie-morgan of 220 State Civil Servants, obtained 140 units of analysis (State Civil Apparatus at the South Sulawesi Provincial Health Office), only in its implementation there were 15 respondents who gave incomplete responses so that overall only 125 respondents used. The quantitative approach is used to test and prove hypotheses through the use of WarpPLS 6.0. The results of this study indicate that individual characteristics have a significant impact on employee commitment and performance, commitment also shows real results on employee performance. The resulting mediation role test shows that organizational commitment is not stated as a mediator because without the support of organizational commitment, in its implementation individual characteristics are also able to provide tangible results in improving performance.

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The effect of commitment, leadership and compensation on job satisfaction and performance of government apparatus in West Sulawesi Province

Management and Economics Journal (MEC-J) ◽

10.18860/mec-j.v0i2.6555 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Atika Atika ◽

Basri Modding ◽

Baharuddin Sammaila ◽

Hamzah Hafied

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Organizational Performance ◽

Structural Equation Model ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Fundamental Problem ◽

Equation Model ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Study Results ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

<p>The apparatus performance is a fundamental problem affecting the organizational performance of West Sulawesi Province Government. Many factors affect it, both individual characteristics and organizational, especially commitment, leadership, compensation and job satisfaction. This study analyzes the effect of organizational commitment, leadership and compensation on job satisfaction and the impact on apparatus performance. The study was conducted on 358 respondents of Government apparatus in West Sulawesi Province. The data was collected by five point Likert scale and analyzed by Structural Equation Model (SEM). The study results found that commitment and leadership affect on job satisfaction and apparatus performance. While compensation only affects job satisfaction and does not affect on performance apparatus.</p>

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Revisiting the practice of Bible-translation: The need to engage ordinary believers when translating the Psalms

Verbum et Ecclesia ◽

10.4102/ve.v39i1.1819 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Author(s):

June F. Dickie

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Practical Theology ◽

Oral Communication ◽

Basic Training ◽

Biblical Poetry ◽

Church Ministry ◽

Bible Translation ◽

Language Groups ◽

And Performance ◽

The Church

Many young isiZulu speakers find the 1959 Bible translation difficult to read and understand. However, they are interested in getting inside the black box of Bible translation, and being participants in the process. Moreover, they have a culture of composing and performing poetry, which lends itself to their involvement in the translation and performance of biblical poetry. An experimental study sought to see if Zulu youth could compose translations of some praise psalms and perform them such that the community would accept them as ‘biblical material’, and relevant and engaging for young people. The methodology was to invite interested persons to participate in workshops that provided basic training in Bible translation, features of oral communication and performance, Zulu and biblical poetry and Zulu music. The participants then made their own translations of some short psalms, and performed them as songs, rap or spoken poetry items. The results suggest several benefits that could be replicated in other situations and with other language groups. These include new, vibrant ways to share Scripture, and a means for individuals to engage with the Scriptures and ‘own’ the translation. In conclusion, there is an open door for ‘ordinary’ members of the community (especially those interested in poetry and music) to contribute significantly to poetically-beautiful and rhetorically-powerful translations of biblical psalms. Moreover, the experience they gain will not only support the discipleship ministry of the church, but also its outreach to other young people, drawing them in by engaging and relevant performances of the biblical message.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This study challenges the traditional perspectives of Bible translation and Practical Theology, suggesting that ‘ordinary’ members of the community can enrich the translation of biblical poetry, and their engagement in the process can have many positive outcomes in terms of church ministry.

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Open for business: The impact of creative team environment and innovative behaviour in technology-based start-ups

International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1177/0266242619892793 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 318-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhao Zhou ◽

Robert Verburg

Keyword(s):

Individual Characteristics ◽

Future Research ◽

High Tech ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Team Environment ◽

Innovative Behaviour ◽

And Performance ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact ◽

Creative Team

Rather than the view of the entrepreneur as a ‘lone ranger’, recent work has focused on the importance of teams in bringing a start-up to growth and success. Here, we aim to bridge the gap between the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs and the characteristics of their teams by examining openness of founders in relation to creative team environment (CTE), innovative work behaviour (IWB) and performance. On the basis of upper echelon theory and integrating other complementary theories such as the attention-based view, we develop a theoretical framework and test this using a survey of 322 high-tech entrepreneurs. Our findings suggest a mediating role of CTE and IWB in the relation between openness of entrepreneurs and performance. The implications of the results for managerial practices and future research directions are discussed.

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