Law Reform, Corporal Punishment and Child Abuse: The Case of Sweden

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Durrant ◽  
Staffan Janson
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Parental Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time

Over the past 70 years, Sweden has implemented a series of proactive legal reforms aimed at eliminating the corporal punishment of children in homes, schools and institutions. The most recent of these reforms took place in 1979 when Sweden became the first nation to explicitly abolish corporal punishment. The primary purposes of the ban were to recognize and affirm children's rights to security of the person and to inform the public and professionals that corporal punishment is neither socially acceptable nor legally defensible. It was expected that, over time, parents would demonstrate decreasing support for this practice and decreasing use of it. Ultimately, it was expected that the ban, and the legal reforms that led up to it, would contribute to lower levels of parental violence toward children. In the present article, evidence from a variety of sources is examined to assess trends in child physical abuse in Sweden over time. It is concluded that acts of violence against children have declined dramatically in Sweden over recent decades corporal punishment is infrequent, serious assaults are uncommon, and child abuse fatalities are extremely rare. Implications of legal reform for the well-being of children are discussed.

scholarly journals The Right to Survival in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyoung Song
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Confucian Tradition ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
North Korean Defectors ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Over Time

AbstractFor the past decade, the author has examined North Korean primary public documents and concludes that there have been changes of identities and ideas in the public discourse of human rights in the DPRK: from strong post-colonialism to Marxism-Leninism, from there to the creation of Juche as the state ideology and finally 'our style' socialism. This paper explains the background to Kim Jong Il's 'our style' human rights in North Korea: his broader framework, 'our style' socialism, with its two supporting ideational mechanisms, named 'virtuous politics' and 'military-first politics'. It analyses how some of these characteristics have disappeared while others have been reinforced over time. Marxism has significantly withered away since the end of the Cold War, and communism was finally deleted from the latest 2009 amended Socialist Constitution, whereas the concept of sovereignty has been strengthened and the language of duties has been actively employed by the authority almost as a relapse to the feudal Confucian tradition. The paper also includes some first-hand accounts from North Korean defectors interviewed in South Korea in October–December 2008. They show the perception of ordinary North Koreans on the ideas of human rights.

scholarly journals Rethinking Foster Care: Why Our Current Approach to Child Welfare Has Failed

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Vivek Sankaran ◽  
Christopher Church
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Over the past decade, the child welfare system has expanded, with vast public and private resources being spent on the system. Despite this investment, there is scant evidence suggesting a meaningful return on investment. This Article argues that without a change in the values held by the system, increased funding will not address the public health problems of child abuse and neglect.

Time and Uncertainty in Elizabeth Bishop's Poems

KronoScope ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-215
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Bush
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Positive Feeling ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Sense Of Time ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBishop's poems often link the sense of time to specific emotional tones and levels of awareness of varying degrees. In particular, the poems demonstrate not only the forward movement of linear time, but also the merger of present and past to brighten feelings of loss and to provide a sense of security that counters feelings of uncertainty common in a world where change occurs over time. Feelings of anxiety over loss and uncertainty reside in the poems, but at the same time, a positive feeling of well-being (outright joy or peace and solace) surfaces as the speaker intertwines comforting pleasant past moments with her anxious present, making the past and present indistinguishable and creating an unclear sense of time.

scholarly journals Public Ideas: Their Varieties and Careers

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hallett ◽  
Orla Stapleton ◽  
Michael Sauder
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ebb And Flow ◽  
Newspaper Articles

In light of ongoing concerns about the relevance of scholarly activities, we ask, what are public ideas and how do they come to be? More specifically, how do journalists and other mediators between the academy and the public use social science ideas? How do the various uses of these ideas develop over time and shape the public careers of these ideas? How do these processes help us understand public ideas and identify their various types? In addressing these questions, we make the case for a sociology of public social science. Using data from newspaper articles that engage with seven of the most publicly prominent social science ideas over the past 30 years, we make three contributions. First, we advance a pragmatic, cultural approach to understanding public ideas, one that emphasizes fit-making processes and applicative flexibility. Second, we define public ideas: social science ideas become public ideas when they are used as objects of interest (being the news), are used as interpretants (making sense of the news), and ebb and flow between these uses as part of an unfolding career. Third, we construct a typology of public ideas that provides an architecture for future research on public social science.

Socio-Ecological Predictors of Resilience Development Over Time Among Youth With a History of Maltreatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 107755952098115
Author(s):  
Susan Yoon ◽  
Kathryn Maguire-Jack ◽  
Jerica Knox ◽  
Alexa Ploss
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Ecological Predictors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Behavioral Services ◽  
Over Time

While there is a growing body of research examining resilient development in adolescents with a history of maltreatment, it remains unclear whether youth resilient functioning changes over time and what factors predict such change. The current study aimed to identify the socio-ecological predictors of the change in resilient functioning over time among adolescents with a history of maltreatment. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted with a sample of 771 adolescents drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II). Over 18 months, 23.2% of the adolescents remained in the less resilience group, 45.4% stayed in the greater resilience group, 17.4% moved from the greater resilience group to the less resilience group, and 14.0% moved from the less resilience group to the greater resilience group. Younger age, better parent-child relationship quality, and neighborhood safety were associated with stable and continued resilient functioning over time. Conversely, child physical abuse, affiliation with deviant peers, and receipt of behavioral services were negatively associated with continued resilience. Our findings suggest that interventions that support adolescents in building positive relationships with their parents and peers may prevent a loss of resilience over time and ensure continued resilient functioning in child welfare-involved adolescents.

Outcomes of CPC-CBT in Sweden Concerning Psychosocial Well-Being and Parenting Practice: Children’s Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Johanna Thulin ◽  
Doris Nilsson ◽  
Carl Göran Svedin ◽  
Cecilia Kjellgren
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Abused Children ◽  
Physically Abused ◽  
Trauma Symptom

Purpose: This study explores the outcome of the intervention combined parent child–cognitive behavioral therapy (CPC-CBT) for physically abused children. Method: This study includes a clinical sample of children ( n = 62) referred to Child Welfare Service due to reports of child physical abuse who completed CPC-CBT. A pretest/posttest design was applied to assess changes on the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) after treatment and was compared with normative values. In addition, the occurrence of corporal punishment from pre to posttest was explored. Results: Children reported a significant decrease in parental use of corporal punishment after treatment and a significant reduction in symptoms associated with trauma (decreased to normal values for TSCC). The positive changes remained at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: The CPC-CBT intervention seemed to decrease parental use of corporal punishment and increase the well-being of children. Clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Disability, Poverty, and Material Hardship since the Passage of the ADA

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Rivera Drew
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Material Hardship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Economic Well Being

<p><span>The past 25 years have seen an unprecedented expansion in formal civil rights for people with disabilities that, among other things, was predicted to improve their economic well-being. Studies of economic well-being among people with disabilities have traditionally focused on employment and earnings, despite the fact that a minority of people with disabilities are employed. More recent literature has expanded to include measures of income poverty and material hardship, but has not examined trends in these dimensions of economic well-being over time or across different groups of people with disabilities. The current study uses nationally representative data covering the 1993-2010 period to examine trends over time in cross-sectional and dynamic measures of income poverty, and multiple dimensions of material hardship. It also describes differences in time trends by education, sex, race/ethnicity, and employment status among people with disabilities in income poverty and any material hardship. Levels of both material hardship and income poverty are high across the entire period for all groups, but while material hardship remains at the same level between 1993 and 2010, income poverty declines. These findings show that there has been little improvement over the past two decades in the economic well-being of people with disabilities, and additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms that keep even groups that are relatively privileged &mdash; college graduates and full-time, full-year workers &mdash; at very low levels of economic well-being.</span></p>

scholarly journals Austerity for Whom?

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 / 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen McBride ◽  
Heather Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fiscal Austerity ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Over Time

In contrast to the recent multi-billion dollar bailouts offered to leading sectors of capital, fiscal austerity is poised to make a comeback worldwide. Labour will be forced to pay for the public debt accumulated in the aftermath of the recent global financial and economic crisis. Notwithstanding change and evolution in the neoliberal model over time, this return to austerity is consistent with overall policy in the neoliberal period which can be considered an era of permanent restraint in most areas of social spending. This article examines a variety of trends that have emerged over the past thirty years of neoliberal rule: the various facets of neoliberal policy and their temporal dimensions; as well as the results of market-reliance and spending reforms: growing affluence for a minority of Canadians while the majority lose ground and inequalities are further entrenched. Asking 'austerity for whom' directs attention at the interconnections between affluence and austerity that exist in Canada. Contrairement aux récents plans de sauvetage impliquant des milliards de dollars offerts aux principaux secteurs de l’économie, l'austérité budgétaire s’apprête à faire un retour à l’échelle planétaire. Les travailleurs n’auront d’autre choix que de rembourser la dette publique engendrée à la suite de la récente crise économique et financière mondiale. Malgré le changement et l'évolution dans le modèle néo-libéral au fil du temps, ce retour à l'austérité concorde avec la politique globale de la période néolibérale pouvant être considérée comme une époque de restrictions permanentes touchant la plupart des domaines de dépenses sociales. Cet article examine une série de tendances ayant émergé au cours des trente dernières années du pouvoir néo-libéral: les différents aspects de la politique néolibérale et leurs dimensions temporelles, ainsi que les résultats du recours au marché financier et de la réforme du contrôle de la dépense: forte croissance d'une minorité de Canadiens alors que la majorité perd du terrain enracinant davantage les inégalités. La question « l’austérité pour qui? » dirige l’attention vers l’interconnexion entre l’affluence et l’austérité qui existent au Canada.

ECO PUBLIC ART PLACEMAKING FRAMEWORK: A CASE STUDY OF LAMAN SENI SHAH ALAM, MALAYSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalilah Zakariya ◽  
Syamim Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Public Art ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Outdoor Spaces

The implementation of public art in the outdoor spaces has been acknowledged by various designers and researchers to enliven public spaces. The contributions of public art towards social well-being have also gained a growing attention among researchers for the past three decades. Within the recent years, efforts of placemaking have begun to be initiated by local authorities, as a way of reinforcing the sense of belonging among the public towards their public spaces. While the placemaking process is commonly adopted as a method to revive cities and communities, however, there has not yet been any documentation on the use of public art as part of the process, particularly in Malaysia. This study aims to establish the Eco Public Art Placemaking Framework to guide local authorities and built environment professionals adopt public participation in the public art process. This study has examined Laman Seni Shah Alam as a case study, which is a back lane revitalization project that has been transformed through eco public art. Through semi-structured interviews with the local authority, the organizer and the artists, this study has discovered that the framework is collaborative and multidisciplinary, and that there are four main phases in the framework. This study concludes that the framework has potential to be adopted by local authorities in Malaysia, and it can enable a more holistic process between the local government, consultants, artists and the public.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Lisa Blee ◽  
Jean M. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Public Art ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Popular Interest ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

This chapter explains the connection between monuments and the stories about the past they convey to viewers over time. While monuments are considered static and place-bound, this statue of the Massasoit became mobile in numerous ways: in stories that travel with the viewer; as small replicas carried away as souvenirs or purchased as art across the country and the world; and in full-sized casts installed in diverse public settings in the Midwest and West. This chapter argues that the fact that the statue represents a Native leader with a connection to the story of the first Thanksgiving makes its mobility uniquely revealing of the fraught historical memory of colonialism in the U.S. This chapter introduces the argument that Wampanoag and other Native peoples have long resisted, challenged, and refigured the popular celebratory story of peaceful colonization often attached to the figure of the Massasoit. This chapter also introduces the history of the Thanksgiving myth, recounts Wampanoag and English settler relations, explains the popular interest in Indian statuary, and provides background on the public art movement that lead to the commission of the Massasoit statue.

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