scholarly journals Subjective executive function deficits in hazardous alcohol drinkers

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110326
Author(s):  
Anna Powell ◽  
Harry Sumnall ◽  
Cecil Kullu ◽  
Lynn Owens ◽  
Catharine Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Background: Dependent alcohol drinkers exhibit differences in the structure and function of the brain, and impairments in cognitive function, including executive functions (EFs). Less is known about the impact of non-dependent but hazardous use (that which raises the risk of harm), and it is also unclear to what extent executive impairments in this cohort affect real-world function. The current study examines the relationship between alcohol use, EF and alcohol-related problems, in the general population. Methods: A between-groups cross-sectional design assessed EF across two levels of drinking; hazardous (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score of ⩾8) and non-hazardous. Alcohol drinkers ( n = 666; 136 male; 524 female; six not disclosed; aged 28.02 ± 10.40 years) completed validated questionnaires online assessing subjective EF, alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Results: Organisation, Strategic Planning, Impulse Control and overall function were significantly impaired in hazardous drinkers. Furthermore, the effect of alcohol on EF, partially mediated the relationship between alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Conclusion: Hazardous drinking was associated with lower subjective EF, and this mediated the effect of alcohol on alcohol-related problems. This may be due to changes in prefrontal brain regions, which could indicate greater risk for the development of alcohol dependence (AD). Future research should use additional means to assess EF in hazardous drinkers, including recovery of function, development of AD and the relationship between cognition and alcohol-related daily problems.

scholarly journals Sexual orientation identity and tobacco and hazardous alcohol use: findings from a cross-sectional English population survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e015058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
Gareth Hagger-Johnson ◽  
Susan Michie ◽  
Joanna Semlyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Omnibus Test ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Minority Men ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
And Bisexual

ObjectivesTo assess the association between tobacco and hazardous alcohol use and sexual orientation and whether such an association could be explained by other sociodemographic characteristics.DesignCross-sectional household survey conducted in 2014–2016.SettingEngland, UK.ParticipantsRepresentative English population sample (pooled n=43 866).Main outcomesSexual orientation identity (lesbian/gay, bisexual, heterosexual, prefer-not-to-say); current tobacco and hazardous alcohol use (defined as Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Score ≥8). All outcomes were self-reported.ResultsDue to interactions between sexual orientation and gender for substance use, analyses were stratified by gender. Tobacco use prevalence was significantly higher among lesbian/gay (women: 24.9%, 95% CI 19.2% to 32.6%; men: 25.9%, 95% CI 21.3% to 31.0%) and bisexual participants (women: 32.4%, 95% CI 25.9% to 39.6%; men: 30.7%, 95% CI 23.7% to 30.7%) and significantly lower for prefer-not-to-say participants in women (15.5%, 95% CI 13.5% to 17.8%) but not men (22.7%, 95% CI 20.3% to 25.3%) compared with heterosexual participants (women: 17.5%, 95% CI 17.0% to 18.0%; men: 20.4%, 95% CI 19.9% to 21.0%; p<0.001 for omnibus test). Similarly, hazardous alcohol use was significantly more prevalent for lesbian/gay (women: 19.0%, 95% CI 14.0% to 25.3%; men: 30.0%, 25.2%–35.3%) and bisexual participants (women: 24.4%, 95% CI 18.7% to 31.3%; men: 24.3%, 95% CI 17.9% to 32.1%) and lower for prefer-not-to-say participants (women: 4.1%, 95% CI 3.0% to 5.4%; men: 13.7%; 95% CI 11.8% to 16.0%) compared with heterosexuals (women: 8.3%, 95% CI 7.9% to 8.7%; men: 18.4%, 95% CI 17.9% to 18.9%; p<0.001 for omnibus test). However, after adjusting for sociodemographic confounders, tobacco use was similar across all sexual orientation groups among both women and men. By contrast, sexual orientation differences in hazardous alcohol use remained even after adjustment among women but not for bisexual and gay men.ConclusionsIn England, higher rates of tobacco use among sexual minority men and women appear to be attributable to other sociodemographic factors. Higher rates of hazardous alcohol use among sexual minority men may also be attributable to these factors, whereas this is not the case for sexual minority women.

scholarly journals Patterns of non-medical use of methylphenidate among 5th and 6th year students in a medical school in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo da Rosa Silveira ◽  
Betina Lejderman ◽  
Pedro Eugênio Mazzucchi Santana Ferreira ◽  
Gibsi Maria Possapp da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Indication ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Audit Score

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of methylphenidate (MPH) use among 5th and 6th year medical students, to discriminate MPH use with and without medical indication, and to correlate MPH use with alcohol intake. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which medical students were invited to answer a questionnaire to evaluate academic and socioeconomic status, MPH use patterns, and attitudes towards neuroenhancing drugs. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess alcohol intake; a score ≥ 8 suggests potentially hazardous alcohol use. Results: Fifty-two participants (34.2%) had already used MPH, of which 35 (23.02%) had used it without medical indication. The number of 6th year students who had used MPH was more than twice higher than that of their 5th year counterparts (32.89 vs. 13.15%, respectively; p = 0.004). Also, 43.6% (p = 0.031) of the users of MPH had an AUDIT score ≥ 8; 33.3% (p = 0.029) of non-medical users of MPH had an AUDIT score ≥ 8. Conclusions: In this study, the use of MPH without medical indication was prevalent. Our findings also confirmed the association between non-medical use of MPH and potentially hazardous alcohol use.

scholarly journals Hazardous alcohol use and associated factors in a rural Ethiopian district: a cross-sectional community survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Teferra ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Medhin Selamu ◽  
Arvin Bhana ◽  
Charlotte Hanlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

Impact of exposure to combat during deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on mental health by gender

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1985-1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Woodhead ◽  
S. Wessely ◽  
N. Jones ◽  
N. T. Fear ◽  
S. L. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundInterest in the mental health of women deployed to modern military campaigns is increasing, although research examining gender differences is limited. Little is known about experiences women have had on these deployments, or whether men and women respond differently to combat exposure.MethodThe current study used data from a representative sample of UK Armed Forces personnel to examine gender differences among those deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan (n=432 women,n=4554 men) in three measures of experience: ‘risk to self’, ‘trauma to others’ and ‘appraisal of deployment’. We examined the impact of such experiences on post-deployment symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD) and hazardous alcohol use.ResultsAfter adjustment, men reported more exposure to ‘risk to self’ and ‘trauma to others’ events and more negative appraisals of their deployment. Among both genders, all measures of combat experience were associated with symptoms of PTSD and CMD (except ‘risk to self’ events on symptoms of CMD among women) but not with alcohol misuse. Women reported higher scores on the PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (PCL-C) among those exposed to lower levels of each experience type but this did not hold in the higher levels. Women reported greater symptoms of CMD and men reported greater hazardous alcohol use across both levels of each experience type. Examining men and women separately suggested similar responses to exposure to adverse combat experiences.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that, although gender differences in mental health exist, the impact of deployment on mental health is similar among men and women.

scholarly journals The relationship between hazardous alcohol use and violence among street-involved youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 852-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Fairbairn ◽  
Evan Wood ◽  
Sabina Dobrer ◽  
Huiru Dong ◽  
Thomas Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
The Relationship

The Impact of Hazardous Alcohol Use on Behavioral Healthcare Utilization Among National Guard Service Members

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa van den Berk-Clark ◽  
Sundari Balan ◽  
Manan V. Shroff ◽  
Greg Widner ◽  
Rumi Kato Price
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Behavioral Healthcare ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
The Impact

The Role of Psychological Distress in the Relationship between Drinking Motives and Hazardous Drinking in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Yannic van Gils ◽  
Erik Franck ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
Sebastiaan P.J. van Alphen ◽  
Geert Dom
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Hazardous Drinking ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Drinking motives seem to be the most proximal predictors of alcohol outcomes. Consequently, these are an essential factor to consider as they may influence the extent to which alcohol is used in a risky way, even in older adults. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We studied the moderating effect of distress on the relationship between drinking motives and drinking behaviour in a community-dwelling older adult sample. <b><i>Method:</i></b> In a retrospective cross-sectional research study, participants were community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. All respondents completed a questionnaire covering the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and the General Severity Index (GSI) of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). <b><i>Results:</i></b> In this sample of 1,148 older adults, drinking motives and hazardous alcohol use were associated (enhancement motives <i>r</i> = 0.478, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001; coping motives <i>r</i> = 0.367, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001; and social motives <i>r</i> = 0.235, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Furthermore, moderation analysis showed that older adults drinking predominantly for enhancement or coping motives (respectively, β = 0.433, CI [95%] = 2.557–3.222 and β = 0.327, CI [95%] = 1.077–1.491, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), and older adults who had higher levels of psychological distress (β = 2.518, CI [95%] = 2.017–3.019, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) were more likely to report higher degree of hazardous alcohol use. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The relations between coping drinking motives and enhancement drinking motives on hazardous drinking depended on the level of distress. The associations between drinking for coping and drinking for enhancement were stronger in high levels of distress. Although causality cannot be interpreted from cross-sectional data, tackling psychological distress and drinking to cope with negative affect or to enhance positive affect might have strong effects on reducing hazardous drinking behaviour among older adults.

Proactive environmental management and performance by a controlling family

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Huang ◽  
Ying-Jiuan Wong ◽  
Min-Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This study examined how proactive environmental management affects firm performance and whether a controlling family moderates this effect. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted content analysis to collect data on listed Taiwanese firms and used cross-sectional regression analysis to examine the relationship between proactive environmental management and firm performance as well as the moderating role of a controlling family. Findings – The results indicated that not all types of proactive environmental management are positively associated with firm performance and that a controlling family might be more effective in low-risk proactive environmental management practices. Research limitations/implications – The focus was on the impact of proactive environmental management from the perspective of stockholders. Future research could investigate its impact on other stakeholders as well. Practical implications – The findings might convince managers that the stereotype of an environment-friendly firm – that the more its green initiatives, the less competitive it becomes – may not necessarily be true. Investing in product-focused pollution prevention could increase revenues and improve performance. Even though process-focused pollution prevention is negatively associated with firm performance, companies are not expected to reduce investment in green processes since they are required for the production of environment-friendly products. Originality/value – This study adopted a multi-dimensional approach to reveal how different types of proactive environmental management affect firm performance. The authors used the controlling family as a moderating variable to determine whether it moderates the relationship between proactive environmental management and firm performance.

scholarly journals Terrorism catastrophising and hazardous alcohol use among students of a tertiary institution in Jos, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1790
Author(s):  
Kingsley M. Okonoda ◽  
James T. Obindo ◽  
Peter O. Onifade ◽  
Duwap M. Makput ◽  
Bawo O. James
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol

Background: Being a maladaptive means of coping with stress, alcohol abuse may be associated with level of terrorism in a community. Jos has had a number of terrorists’ attacks which have had devastating effects on the city and its environs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of terrorism catastrophizing, hazardous alcohol use as well as the relationship between terrorism catastrophizing and hazardous alcohol use among students of the Plateau State Polytechnic, Jos Campus.Methods: A cross sectional study of 230 students in the departments of accountancy, business administration and management who completed self-administered questionnaires during one of their classes following a random cluster sampling of departments.Results: The TCS showed that 43.5% of the participants had terrorism catastrophizing. Pearson correlation showed a high significant positive correlation (p<0.05) across the three dimensions of terrorism catastrophizing: rumination, r=0.807; magnification, r=0.726; and helplessness, r=0.754. However, no significant correlation exists between terrorism catastrophising (rumination, magnification and helplessness), alcohol use disorder, r = -0.016, p = 0.817 (AUDITc), and problem drinking behavior, r= -0.157, p=0.06.Conclusions: There was no positive correlation between terrorism catastrophizing and hazardous alcohol drinking.

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