Do Girls Profit More? Gender-Specific Effectiveness of a Life Skills Program Against Alcohol Consumption in Early Adolescence

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Weichold ◽  
Anett Brambosch ◽  
Rainer K. Silbereisen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Life Skills Program

Peers and Teachers as Facilitators of the Life Skills Program IPSY

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Weichold ◽  
Rainer K. Silbereisen
Keyword(s):  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
German School ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
Life Skills Program

Aims: This pilot study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of the Life Skills program IPSY (Information + Psychosocial Competence = Protection) with regard to alcohol and cigarette consumption, expectations of regular use, and resistance skills in early adolescence. Thereby, we were particularly interested in the usefulness of peer educators and teachers as program facilitators in the German school setting. Methods: The design included a longitudinal assessment of a peer-led and teacher-led condition with a control group (pre- and post-assessment with a 2-year follow up; classroom-wise randomization, N = 105, T1 10 yrs. old). Results: Results of a series of ANOVAs with repeated measurement indicated that although IPSY facilitated by older peers was highly accepted by the recipients, it was ineffective regarding expectations to regular smoking, and resistance skills towards the offer of cigarettes, and it revealed negative effects on some of the students’ outcomes (in particular regarding alcohol use). In contrast, the same program facilitated by teachers had positive effects on substance use and resistance skills. Conclusions: The discussion focuses on peers’ characteristics (e. g., experiences in leading a classroom, or own consumption patterns) that might have caused the unexpected findings. This implies that, for target groups in early adolescence, in order to avoid negative outcomes, peer facilitators for universal prevention programs have to be selected and trained with great care.

scholarly journals Predictors of disordered eating in adolescence and young adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Shawel Abebe ◽  
Leila Torgersen ◽  
Lars Lien ◽  
Gertrud S. Hafstad ◽  
Tilmann von Soest
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Gender Specific

We investigated longitudinal predictors for disordered eating from early adolescence to young adulthood (12–34 years) across gender and different developmental phases among Norwegian young people. Survey data from a population-based sample were collected at four time points (T) over a 13-year time span. A population-based sample of 5,679 females and males at T1 and T2, 2,745 at T3 and 2,718 at T4 were included in analyses, and linear regression and random intercept models were applied. In adolescence, initial disordered eating and parental overprotectiveness were more strongly related to disordered eating among females, whereas loneliness was a stronger predictor for adolescent males. Initial disordered eating during early adolescence predicted later disordered eating more strongly in late- than mid-adolescence. In young adulthood, no significant gender-specific risk factors were found. The findings provide support for both shared and specific risk factors for the developmental psychopathology of disordered eating.

scholarly journals What should parents do to emphasise their disapproval of adolescents’ substance use?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bacikova-Sleskova ◽  
L Hricová ◽  
O Kalina ◽  
J Benka
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Dependent Variables

Abstract Background Previous research has shown that one of the strongest predictor of smoking and alcohol consumption in early adolescence is perceived parental approval of such behaviour. The aim of the present study is to explore which parenting practices predict the probability of perceiving parental disapproval of smoking and alcohol consumption in adolescence. Methods A representative sample of 1133 early adolescents (mean age = 12.9, SD 0.77) filled in questionnaires including sociodemographic characteristics (3 items), perceived parental risk behaviour (alcohol consumption at least once a week, drunkenness once a month and daily smoking); substance specific conversations with parents (1 item); both emotional and controlling aspects of parenting (6 items), and perceived parental disapproval of adolescents’ smoking and alcohol consumption as dependent variables. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data. Results The most important predictor of perceived parental disapproval of alcohol use was behavioural control (setting rules) (OR 2.34), followed by parental non-drinking (OR 1.81) and alcohol specific communication (OR 1.28). Regarding smoking disapproval, the significant predictors were parental non-smoking (OR 1.92); behavioural control (OR 1.79); time spent with a child (OR 1.44) and lower psychological control (guild induction, pressuring, manipulation) (OR 0.69). Conclusions Decreasing adolescents’ substance use via increasing their perceived parental disapproval of such behaviour seems to be substance specific. The most salient strategy both for smoking and drinking seems to be the use of behavioural control characterized by clear rules setting and lack of parental own substance use. Key messages Decreasing adolescents’ substance use via increasing their perceived parental disapproval of such behaviour seems to be substance specific. The most salient strategy to increase perceived parental disapproval of smoking and alcohol consumption seems to be the use of behavioural control characterized by clear rules setting.

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