Symptoms of Depression in Israeli Adolescents Following a Suicide Bombing

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Barile ◽  
Kathryn E. Grogan ◽  
Christopher C. Henrich ◽  
Kathryn A. Brookmeyer ◽  
Golan Shahar
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Suicide Bombing ◽  
Terror Attack ◽  
School Students ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Depressive Vulnerability

This report investigated the potential role of gender in moderating the effects of terror attack exposure on depression symptoms in middle school students from Dimona, Israel ( N = 90). Specifically, the effects of three aspects of terror attacks were investigated: physical exposure, relational exposure, and media exposure. Ninety early adolescents were assessed for terror exposure and depression before and after a suicide bombing in a town market. Results indicate that the effects of relational exposure to the suicide bombing—knowing others directly affected by a suicide bombing—on depression symptoms differed by gender. Adolescent girls who knew people affected by the suicide bombing reacted with higher levels of depressive symptoms while similarly exposed adolescent boys did not. It may be that girls, as compared to boys, express greater sympathy for victims, and are hence more vulnerable to disruptions of their social network, resulting in a heightened depressive vulnerability.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Serotonergic Hallucinogens in Depression Treatment

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Dominika Psiuk ◽  
Emilia Nowak ◽  
Krystian Cholewa ◽  
Urszula Łopuszańska ◽  
Marzena Samardakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Psychological Scales ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Due to an increasing number of depression diagnoses and limited effective treatments, researchers continue to explore novel therapeutic strategies for this disorder. Recently, interest has revolved around the use of serotonergic psychedelics to reduce the symptoms of depression. In this systematic review, we summarize the currently available knowledge on the safety and efficacy of psychedelic substances for the treatment of depression. A literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database identified 14 clinical trials from the last 10 years that examined the use of psilocybin, MDMA, DMT, or LSD for the treatment of depression symptoms. Some psychedelics, especially psilocybin, demonstrated an ability to reduce depressive symptoms as measured by several psychological scales, which was often sustained for months after the last psychedelic session. Moreover, one study revealed that psilocybin has comparable efficacy to escitalopram in the treatment of depression. None of the studies reported any serious adverse events associated with psychedelic administration. The reviewed studies suggest that psychedelics have great potential in depression therapy and, after addressing and overcoming the current study limitations, may be used as a novel method of treating depression in the future.

The potential role of an activity-based guitar program on the anxiety and fulfillment levels of younger relatives of cancer patients: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 025576142110273
Author(s):  
Erkan Sülün ◽  
Hüseyin Olgaçer ◽  
Hakkı Cengiz Eren
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Total State ◽  
Rank Differences

In this study, the authors evaluated the potential role of an activity-based guitar training program on reducing anxiety and providing fulfillment for younger relatives of cancer patients. Ten active members of KHYD (The Society for Relatives of Cancer Patients), between ages 11 and 17 participated in an 8-week guitar education program. The participants filled out two questionnaires before and after their engagement in the 8-week program, one to measure changes in their anxiety levels (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and the other to measure changes in their general fulfillment levels (Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale). Wilcoxon signed rank test, as well as descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of data. Mean rank differences were observed to be statistically significant with respect to total state and trait anxiety scores; in both cases, the participants’ scores decreased after their engagement in the program. Statistically significant mean rank differences were also observed in the overall MSLSS scores and its “friends” and “environment” sub-dimensions; with respect to these, participants’ scores increased after their engagement in the program. Recommendations for more comprehensive, larger-scale studies are given at the end.

scholarly journals Duodenal Dysbiosis and Relation to the Efficacy of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Functional Dyspepsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13609
Author(s):  
Lucas Wauters ◽  
Raúl Y. Tito ◽  
Matthias Ceulemans ◽  
Maarten Lambaerts ◽  
Alison Accarie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Dyspepsia ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Before And After

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) may improve symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD) through duodenal eosinophil-reducing effects. However, the contribution of the microbiome to FD symptoms and its interaction with PPI remains elusive. Aseptic duodenal brushings and biopsies were performed before and after PPI intake (4 weeks Pantoprazole 40 mg daily, FD-starters and controls) or withdrawal (2 months, FD-stoppers) for 16S-rRNA sequencing. Between- and within-group changes in genera or diversity and associations with symptoms or duodenal factors were analyzed. In total, 30 controls, 28 FD-starters and 19 FD-stoppers were followed. Mucus-associated Porphyromonas was lower in FD-starters vs. controls and correlated with symptoms in FD and duodenal eosinophils in both groups, while Streptococcus correlated with eosinophils in controls. Although clinical and eosinophil-reducing effects of PPI therapy were unrelated to microbiota changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus was associated with duodenal PPI effects in controls and remained higher despite withdrawal of long-term PPI therapy in FD-stoppers. Thus, duodenal microbiome analysis demonstrated differential mucus-associated genera, with a potential role of Porphyromonas in FD pathophysiology. While beneficial effects of short-term PPI therapy were not associated with microbial changes in FD-starters, increased Streptococcus and its association with PPIeffects in controls suggest a role for duodenal dysbiosis after long-term PPI therapy.

Retarding Bioactivity Effect of Ciprofloxacin Incorporated in Polyvinyl Alcohol/Bioglass Scaffold as Bone Graft

2015 ◽  
Vol 1104 ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salha Boulila ◽  
Hassane Oudadesse ◽  
Bertrand Lefeuvre ◽  
Khansa Chaabouni ◽  
Fatima Makni-Ayedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Osteoinductive Property ◽  
Apatitic Phase

The biomaterials are used for many biomedical applications. The main objective of the present work was to investigate the potential role of Bioglass (Melting)- Polyvinyl alcohol (BG (M)-PVA) and Bioglass (Melting)-Polyvinyl alcohol-20%Ciprofloxacin (BG (M)-PVA-20Cip) in regenerative bone capacity. These composites were implanted in the femoral condyles of Wistar rats and compared to that of ovariectomised groups. Our results noted, after the different period of implantation (15, 30, 60 and 90 days), that the Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Acid phosphatase (ACP) activities showed an excellent osteoinductive property of BG (M)-PVA, that this phenomena decreased with the presence of ciprofloxacin. Physico-chemical techniques (ICP-OES and SEM) were engaged to highlight the influence of antibiotic on the structure, porosity and bioactivity of a porous Glass-PVA before and after implantation. The results obtained by ICP-OES showed a rapid reduction in silicon (Si) and sodium (Na), and noted an accelerator increase in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) ion concentrations in BG (M)-PVA that the BG (M)-PVA-20Cip. This result is confirmed by SEM. We can conclude that the loading of ciprofloxacin in BG (M)-PVA is characterized by a retard effect of formation of apatitic phase.

Failure of tracheal distension to inhibit breathing in anesthetized dogs

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Lloyd ◽  
J. A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Abdominal Compression ◽  
Frequency Increase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing

Using anesthetized spontaneously breathing dogs, we compared the respiratory effects of tracheal distension with the effects of changes in lung volume before and after vagotomy. We used an endotracheal tube with a long cuff to distend the trachea to pressures of 10, 20, and 40 cmH2O. Lung volume increases were imposed by expiratory threshold loading, and volume was decreased by abdominal compression, both of which caused outward rib cage displacement. During expiratory loading, the tidal volume was unchanged but respiratory frequency and minute volume fell and an active expiratory effort appeared; whereas frequency and minute volume rose, but tidal volume fell during abdominal compression. Tracheal distension evoked no discernible change in breathing. Following vagotomy, tidal volume and minute volume fell, and frequency rose slightly, during expiratory loading but abdominal compression was without effect. After vagotomy, 40 cmH2O tracheal distension caused a slight frequency increase. We concluded that the potential role of tracheal deformation in the reflex control of breathing is insignificant in comparison with the other airways.

Does prior traumatization affect the treatment outcome of CBT for panic disorder? The potential role of the MAOA gene and depression symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Trautmann ◽  
Jan Richter ◽  
Markus Muehlhan ◽  
Michael Höfler ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Wittchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Maoa Gene

scholarly journals Circulating Memory T Follicular Helper Cells in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica/Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli Fan ◽  
Yanfang Jiang ◽  
Jinming Han ◽  
Jingyao Liu ◽  
Yafen Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Tfh Cells ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts

Objective. This study aimed to examine the potential role of memory T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in patients with neuromyelitis optica/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMO/NMOSD).Methods. The percentages of different subsets of circulating memory Tfh cells in 25 NMO/NMOSD patients before and after treatment as well as in 17 healthy controls were examined by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-21 and AQP4 Ab in plasma and CSF were measured by ELISA.Results. The percentages and numbers of circulating memory Tfh cells, ICOS+, CCR7−, CCR7−ICOS+, CCR7+, CCR7+ICOS+memory Tfh cells, and the levels of IL-21 in plasma and CSF were significantly increased in NMO/NMOSD patients. The percentages of CCR7−and CCR7−ICOS+memory Tfh cells were positively correlated with ARR, plasma IL-21, and AQP4 Ab levels. The percentages of CCR7+and CCR7+ICOS+memory Tfh cells were positively correlated with CSF white blood cell counts, proteins, and IL-21 levels. Treatment with corticosteroids significantly reduced the numbers of CCR7−ICOS+and CCR7+ICOS+memory Tfh cells as well as plasma IL-21 levels in patients with partial remission.Conclusions. Our findings indicate that circulating memory Tfh cells may participate in the relapse and development of NMO/NMOSD and may serve as a new therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Potential role of epicardial adipose tissue as a biomarker of anthracycline cardiotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Beatrice Monti ◽  
Simone Schiaffino ◽  
Maria Del Mar Galimberti Ortiz ◽  
Davide Capra ◽  
Moreno Zanardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chemotherapy Cardiotoxicity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background We investigated the radiodensity of epicardial (EAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) before and after treatment with anthracyclines in a population of breast cancer (BC) patients, and in controls not treated with anthracyclines, to detect a potential role of EAT density as a biomarker of changes related to chemotherapy cardiotoxicity. Methods We reviewed BC patients treated with anthracyclines who underwent CT before (CT-t0) and after (CT-t1) chemotherapy, and age- and sex-matched controls who underwent two CT examinations at comparable intervals. On non-contrast scans, EAT was segmented contouring the pericardium and thresholding between -190 and -30 Hounsfield units (HU), and SAT and VAT were segmented with two 15-mm diameter regions of interest thresholded between -195 and -45 HU. Results Thirty-two female patients and 32 controls were included. There were no differences in age (p = 0.439) and follow-up duration (p = 0.162) between patients and controls. Between CT-t0 and CT-t1, EAT density decreased in BC patients (-66 HU, interquartile range [IQR] -71 to -63 HU, to -71 HU, IQR -75 to -66 HU, p = 0.003), while it did not vary in controls (p = 0.955). SAT density increased from CT-t0 to CT-t1 in BC patients (-107 HU, IQR -111 to -105 HU, to -105 HU, IQR -110 to -100 HU, p = 0.014), whereas it did not change in controls (p = 0.477). VAT density did not vary in either BC patients (p = 0.911) or controls (p = 0.627). Conclusions EAT density appears to be influenced by anthracycline treatment for BC, well known for its cardiotoxicity, shifting towards lower values indicative of a less active metabolism.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatric outcomes before and after switching to dolutegravir-based therapy in an acute HIV cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Chan ◽  
◽  
Orlanda Goh ◽  
Eugène Kroon ◽  
Donn Colby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Moderate Depression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acute Hiv

Abstract Introduction Dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is currently the first-line treatment for people living with HIV. Neuropsychiatric adverse events (NP-AEs) have been reported with DTG but neuropsychiatric symptoms have not been systemically quantified using structured scales. This study examined mood and cognitive parameters before and after a planned transition from non-DTG to DTG-based ART within a longitudinal study of acute HIV infection (AHI). Methods RV254 AHI cohort participants on ≥ 24 weeks of ART initiated at AHI underwent sequential assessments before and after the switch including: (1) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a 9-item survey (scores 0–27) that evaluates somatic and affective/cognitive symptoms of depression; (2) a 2-Questions screening that has been validated locally for depression; (3) Distress Thermometer (scores 0–10); and 4) administration of a 4-test neurocognitive battery sensitive to HIV. Results 254 individuals (95% male, median age 30) switched to a DTG-based regimen after a median 144 weeks of ART. Serial assessments were completed at a median of 19 weeks before and 37 weeks after DTG. There was a modest but statistically significant increase in PHQ-9 scores after DTG (pre-switch: 5 [IQR 1–7] vs. Post-switch: 5 [IQR 2–8], p = 0.009). The percentage of participants with at least moderate depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) increased from 10 to 16% (p = 0.006), but the frequency of moderate-severe depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 15) remained unchanged (3%). No volunteer reported NP-AEs within the study period. Somatic symptoms of depression increased more than cognitive/affective symptoms. Plasma viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA < 50; p = 0.005) and PHQ-9 ≥ 10 (p < 0.001) before switch were linked to lower PHQ-9 scores after DTG in multivariable analysis. Performance on all neuropsychological tests, except grooved pegboard test, improved modestly after DTG (all p < 0.05). Conclusion After a median duration of 37 weeks of DTG use, there was a modest increase in the higher quartile of PHQ-9. This increase was associated with a rise in moderate depression symptoms but not the more severe forms of depression on PHQ-9. No clinically relevant NP-AEs were reported. Pre-existing depression was not associated with subsequent worsening of symptoms after DTG. Cognitive test performance improved post-DTG but could be due to practice effect.

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