Ambition Is Priceless

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Carroll
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Professional Socialization ◽  
Black Administrators ◽  
Representative Bureaucracy ◽  
Active Representation ◽  
Career Ambition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Within the representative bureaucracy literature, there are a variety of individual or professional incentives that may discourage movement from passive to active representation. This study presents two of these incentives by explaining the potential effects of professional socialization and individual career ambition. Using 3 years of survey and performance data from public schools, this research explores how professional socialization and ambitions of career advancement may promote specific behaviors that potentially support or discourage effective representation. The results indicate that professional socialization actually promotes representation by African American and Latino bureaucrats. The impact of Latino representation across values of professional socialization is also significantly different from that of White managers. The results also demonstrate varying effects for bureaucratic career ambition, as the effect of Latino administrators on student performance is minimized for administrators with higher levels of ambition. For African American administrators, the opposite is true as Black administrators with high levels of ambition are related to increasingly positive student performance. These results add to our understanding of representative bureaucracy by exploring how different values will interact with a minority bureaucrat’s decision to represent the interests of minority clients.

scholarly journals The Influence of Video Format on Engagement and Performance in Online Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Sergej Lackmann ◽  
Pierre-Majorique Léger ◽  
Patrick Charland ◽  
Caroline Aubé ◽  
Jean Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Cognitive Engagement ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Lecture Capture ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Subject Experiment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Video Format

Millions of students follow online classes which are delivered in video format. Several studies examine the impact of these video formats on engagement and learning using explicit measures and outline the need to also investigate the implicit cognitive and emotional states of online learners. Our study compared two video formats in terms of engagement (over time) and learning in a between-subject experiment. Engagement was operationalized using explicit and implicit neurophysiological measures. Twenty-six (26) subjects participated in the study and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions based on the video shown: infographic video or lecture capture. The infographic video showed animated graphics, images, and text. The lecture capture showed a professor, providing a lecture, filmed in a classroom setting. Results suggest that lecture capture triggers greater emotional engagement over a shorter period, whereas the infographic video maintains higher emotional and cognitive engagement over longer periods of time. Regarding student learning, the infographic video contributes to significantly improved performance in matters of difficult questions. Additionally, our results suggest a significant relationship between engagement and student performance. In general, the higher the engagement, the better the student performance, although, in the case of cognitive engagement, the link is quadratic (inverted U shaped).

scholarly journals Brick and Mortar Education vs. SCORM-based Education in Computer-programming Courses: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abu Shquier
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Computer Programming ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Programming Courses

Online education has positively influences student performance during universities lockdown nowadays due to COVID-19, in fact both educators and students have proven their ability to develop their teaching skills by emerging several technological tools. This article analyses the performance of two cohorts of students, the first cohort was taught traditionally while the other was taught online, the scope of this study is the students enrolled in programming languages at the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology at Jerash University, the study was carried out between the years 2017 - 2020. 1210 students have participated in the study. This study investigates a comparative study between different methods of delivering programming-languages courses over the 3-year period, the study also aims to shed light on the impact of traditional methods on delivering computer-programming courses and how it could be improved by emerging a SCORM learning multimedia and other learning modules, activities and resources. Result shows that online delivering of courses with the use of SCORM and other tools improves students’ scores and performance slightly, the article concludes that emerging technology to learning can improve the students' creativity, understanding and performance overall.

The Impact of Integrated Support and Context on Treatment Implementation and Child Outcomes Following Behavioral Consultation

2021 ◽  
pp. 014544552110540
Author(s):  
George Noell ◽  
Kristin Gansle ◽  
Veronica Gulley
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Treatment Implementation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Assuring treatment plan implementation following consultation is critically important because implementation is strongly related to outcomes. Treatment implementation has been hypothesized to be influenced by both the nature of the follow-up support provided and contextual variables. However, studies to date have not examined both issues while directly measuring implementation. This study examined treatment implementation following consultation for 48 teachers in public schools who had referred a student for intervention services in a randomized clinical field trial. Participating teachers in the experimental group received Integrated Support (IS). IS includes social influence, planning, and performance feedback elements. IS was compared to weekly follow-up meetings alone. Treatment implementation and child outcomes were markedly superior for IS as compared to weekly follow-up. Three school climate factors were found to be correlated with treatment implementation for the IS group, but not the weekly follow-up group. Participants rated treatment implementation, treatment acceptability, and consultant effectiveness positively and similarly across conditions. The implications of these findings for future work examining school culture, consultation and intervention are discussed.

Representative Bureaucracy and School Discipline

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine H. Roch ◽  
Jason Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Representative Bureaucracy ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
African American Student ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Active Representation ◽  
Racial Context ◽  
Group Contact ◽  
Georgia Public Schools ◽  
Threat Theory

This article examines whether the racial context within local communities influences the assignment of disciplinary policies in public schools. First, we consider whether different policies may be assigned to similar target groups across varying racial contexts. Then, we consider whether the racial context moderates the transition from passive representation to active representation among bureaucrats. We draw from two theories of intergroup relations—group contact theory and group threat theory—to help explain the passive-to-active representation link. Using a sample of Georgia public schools, we find that schools rely more on more punitive disciplinary measures in school districts characterized by greater segregation and that this occurs especially among schools with sizable African American student populations. We also find that active representation appears to occur more often in segregated environments, perhaps because of the greater salience of race within these communities.

The Impact of Teacher Labor Market Reforms on Student Achievement: Evidence from Michigan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Kaitlin P. Anderson ◽  
Joshua M. Cowen ◽  
Katharine O. Strunk
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Collective Bargaining Agreement ◽  
Teacher Labor Market ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Teacher Contracts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Over the past decade, many states enacted substantial reforms to teacher-related laws and policies. In Michigan, the state legislature implemented requirements for teacher evaluation based partly on student achievement, reduced tenure protections, and restricted the scope of teacher collective bargaining. Some teacher advocates view such reform as a “war on teachers,” but proponents argue these policies may have enabled personnel decisions that positively impact student performance. Evidence on this debate remains limited. In this study, we use detailed administrative data from all Michigan traditional public schools from 2005-06 to 2014-15. We estimate event study models exploiting the plausibly exogenous timing of collective bargaining agreement expirations. Across a variety of samples and specification checks, we find these reforms had generally null results, with some evidence of heterogeneity by cohort. We investigate several possible mechanisms and conclude that districts with more restrictive teacher contracts prior to reform and districts with more rigorous use of teacher evaluations experienced more positive impacts after reform exposure.

scholarly journals The Impact of Technostress on Student Satisfaction and Performance Expectancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Nurul Nadia Abd Aziz ◽  
Mohd Aidil Riduan Awang Kader ◽  
Roslilee Ab Halim
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Control Order ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Technostress can be seen as a relevant factor that may affect student satisfaction and student performance. However, a lack of research has been carried out to analyse the simultaneous effect of the four technostress dimensions, namely techno-overload, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, and techno-uncertainty on student satisfaction and performance expectancy. Performance expectancy is appropriate to use as an endogenous construct since this research was carried out during open and distance learning (ODL) implementation and before the final examination. Hence, this study aims to investigate the association between the four technostress dimensions towards student satisfaction. This research also seeks to examine the relationship between student satisfaction and performance expectancy among undergraduates. A total of 500 self-administered questionnaires were distributed but 458 valid questionnaires were found. All of the respondents were at the diploma level from UiTM Pahang Branch Campus. An online survey questionnaire was used since all respondents were in their hometowns due to the Malaysian government's Movement Control Order (MCO). In this study, SEM-AMOS was conducted to evaluate the measurement model and to test the hypotheses. This study found that techno-complexity displays a more significant contribution to student satisfaction and performance expectancy than techno-uncertainty. However, the results explicitly imply that the influence of techno-overload and techno-insecurity on students' satisfaction and performance expectancy is not significant.  Keywords: Performance expectancy; student satisfaction; technostress; university students

scholarly journals Construction of Ideal Remote Assessment Environments and the Impact of Self-Selected Music on Student Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Joshua K. C. Tsang ◽  
Kyle J. Wilby
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Online Assessment ◽  
Online Assessments ◽  
Remote Assessment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Background: Remote online assessments require students to construct their own assessment environments, including selection of strategies (such as the use of music) to reduce stress. This study aimed to determine the impact of self-selected music on student performance during a remote online assessment and to identify factors important for constructing ideal assessment environments. Methods: Final year students were randomized to complete a voluntary remote online 2-hour care plan test. Those randomized to ‘music’ were required to play self-selected music during the assessment and those randomized to ‘non-music’ were asked not to play music. Prior to the assessment, perceived stress and resilience were measured. Performance between groups was compared and associations between stress, resilience, and performance determined. A post-survey identified music preferences/acceptability, and factors identified for ideal remote assessment environments. Results: A total of 79 students completed the study (n=40 music, n=39 non-music). The median assessment score in the music group was 90% (range 58 to 99%) and 88% (range 58 to 99%) in the non-music group (not significant). No associations were found between scores and perceived stress or resilience. The majority of students randomized to music (62.5%) found it helpful. Thirteen categories of factors were identified to contribute to an ideal remote assessment environment with the most common being lighting, location, quietness, distractions, and seating/set-up. Conclusion: Findings support the notion that remote online assessment environments should not come as ‘one size fits all’ and many factors (including self-selected music) may influence a student’s ability to perform to a high standard.

scholarly journals Student Learning Styles And Performance In An Introductory Finance Class

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Daniel Alan Seiver ◽  
Kamal Haddad ◽  
Andrew Do
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
College Courses ◽  
Myers Briggs Type Indicator ◽  
Course Performance ◽  
Type Indicator ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Many academic disciplines have examined the role that variation in Jungian personality types plays in the academic performance of college students. Different personality types tend to have different learning styles, which in turn influence student performance in a variety of college courses. To measure the impact of learning styles on student performance in the introductory finance course, we administered an online Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test to students and then used regression analysis to measure the effects of different learning styles on course performance. We found several significant effects, which have implications for the teaching of introductory finance.

Racial Representation and Socialization in Bureaucratic Organizational Structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 027507402097018
Author(s):  
Jihye Jung ◽  
John C. Ronquillo
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Professional Socialization ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
Advanced Degrees ◽  
The Impact

Organizational scholars employing the theory of representative bureaucracy in their research have found that when public school teacher demographics mirror those of their students, teachers positively affect student performance. Little is known, however, about how organizational socialization affects positive representational effects on student outcomes. Teachers, however, are socialized differently into the organizational structure, largely through organizational social norms based on various professional aspects. This article analyzes the impact of professional socialization on representativeness by teachers’ credentials, employment status, and education levels. Using Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) elementary school data during the 2012–2014 school years, results show that representational effects differ depending on dimensions of student outcomes, and socialization moderating effects vary on the relationship between teacher representation and performance outcomes. Socialization positively moderates the teacher’s representational effect on student outcomes in terms of teachers with advanced degrees, full credentials, and tenure, which depend on the type of school. Charter schools exhibit the positive socialization effect of tenure status, whereas traditional schools show the positive effect of advanced degrees and full credentials. This research enhances our knowledge of the different socialization aspects and how they differ between charter and traditional schools as well as its impact on representation in highly diverse urban elementary schools, contributing to both theory and practice.

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