The Effect of Food on the Absorption of Pivampicillin and a Comparison with the Absorption of Ampicillin Potassium

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Fernandez ◽  
J P Menezes ◽  
J Ximenes
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Substantial Decrease ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Antibiotic Coverage

The effect of food on the absorption of pivampicillin hydrochloride and ampicillin potassium was compared in a single-dose, 3-way, cross-over study in fifteen healthy adult subjects. The antibiotics were given in their recommended doses in capsule form: 350 mg of pivampicillin and 500 mg of ampicillin. Ampicillin was administered in the fasting state while pivampicillin was administered both in the fasting state and during a standardized cooked breakfast. The presence of food caused a substantial decrease and delay in the absorption of pivampicillin. Pivampicillin administered during a meal, as recommended to minimize gastro-intestinal irritation, resulted in lower serum levels than those attained with ampicillin given without food. The average peak serum levels of pivampicillin taken during meals was 3.34 mcg/ml compared to 4.47 mcg/ml with ampicillin given in the fasting state. The total antibiotic coverage indicated by time-absorption curves was also considerably lower with pivampicillin than with ampicillin under conditions simulating those recommended during clinical use by the respective manufacturers.

The Absence of a Clinically Significant Effect of Food on the Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Vorapaxar, a PAR-1 Antagonist, in Healthy Adult Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. Behm ◽  
Teddy Kosoglou ◽  
André M.M. Miltenburg ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Paul Statkevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Clinically Significant

Evaluation of the effect of food and gastric pH on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib in healthy adult subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1293-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linh Nguyen ◽  
Jaymes Holland ◽  
Richard Mamelok ◽  
Marie-Kristine Laberge ◽  
Julie Grenier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
Effect Of Food

STUDIES ON THE ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHLORAMPHENICOL

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
RICHARD S. KELLY ◽  
ANDREW D. HUNT ◽  
SYLVIA G. TASHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Rectal Administration ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Peak Serum ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Fluid Levels

Chloramphenicol is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak serum levels, while usually reached within two hours, are occasionally not attained for six or more hours. In general absorption is markedly more rapid than in the case of aureomycin, which seems to be absorbed slowly over a period of several hours. Eleven mg./kg. body weight, which is an adequate single dose of aureomycin, in the case of chloramphenicol produces serum levels too low to be detected by the authors' method. Twenty-two mg./kg. produces two hour levels averaging 8.3 µg./cc. and 44 mg./kg. raises this level to a mean of 22 µg./cc. Rectal administration of perforated chloramphenicol capsules produces peak serum levels approximately one-fifth of those effected with comparable oral dosage. Diffusion of chloramphenicol into cerebrospinal fluid occurs readily and after a few days administration spinal fluid levels, in three cases, were approximately 50% of the serum levels. These data suggest that effective oral dosage of chloramphenicol ranges from 22 to 44 mg./kg./dose and that the antibiotic should be given at 6 to 8 hour intervals.

scholarly journals The retrospective study of perioperative application of dexamethasone and furosemide for postoperative anti-inflammation in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiguo Qi ◽  
Xia Qi ◽  
Xiude Chen ◽  
Xunbo Jin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Postoperative Hospital Stay ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Furosemide Administration ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether the perioperatively combined application of dexamethasone and furosemide could alleviate the inflammation in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Patients and methods 147 patients undergoing PCNL between November 2018 and October 2019 were enrolled in the study. 77 patients accepted a single dose of dexamethasone and furosemide administration (EXP group, n = 77), and 70 patients did not (CON group, n = 70). Demographic and perioperative data, inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin (PCT), and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the CON group, the incidence rate of urosepsis of the EXP group were significantly lower (11.69% vs. 24.29%, p = 0.046). 3 patients developed severe urosepsis in the EXP group, while 5 patients developed severe urosepsis in the CON group. Compared with those in the CON group, the patients with postoperative urosepsis in the EXP group showed lower serum levels of IL-6 at postoperative hour two (p = 0.045) and at postoperative day one (p = 0.031) and lower serum levels of PCT at postoperative day one (p = 0.015). There was a better clinical outcome of a shorter postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.015) in patients with postoperative urosepsis in the EXP group than in those in the CON group. Conclusion The perioperatively combined application of dexamethasone and furosemide was beneficial for alleviating postoperative inflammatory reaction and caused a better clinical outcome of a shorter postoperative hospital stay.

Decreased soluble IFN-β receptor (sIFNAR2) in multiple sclerosis patients: A potential serum diagnostic biomarker

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Órpez-Zafra ◽  
Jose Pavía ◽  
Isaac Hurtado-Guerrero ◽  
Maria J Pinto-Medel ◽  
Jose Luis Rodriguez Bada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Β Receptor ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: The soluble isoform of the interferon-β (IFN-β) receptor (sIFNAR2) could modulate the activity of both endogenous and systemically administered IFN-β. Previously, we described lower serum sIFNAR2 levels in untreated multiple sclerosis (MS) than in healthy controls (HCs). Objective: To assess sIFNAR2 levels in a new cohort of MS patients and HCs, as well as in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and with other inflammatory neurological disorders (OIND) and to assess its ability as a diagnostic biomarker. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 148 MS (84 treatment naive and 64 treated), 87 CIS, 42 OIND, and 96 HCs. Longitudinal study included 94 MS pretreatment and after 1 year of therapy with IFN-β, glatiramer acetate (GA), or natalizumab. sIFNAR2 serum levels were measured by a quantitative ELISA developed and validated in our laboratory. Results: Naive MS and CIS patients showed significantly lower sIFNAR2 levels than HCs and OIND patients. The sensitivity and specificity to discriminate between MS and OIND, for a sIFNAR2 cutoff value of 122.02 ng/mL, were 70.1%, and 79.4%, respectively. sIFNAR2 increased significantly in IFN-β-treated patients during the first year of therapy in contrast to GA- and natalizumab-treated patients who showed non-significant changes. Conclusion: The results suggest that sIFNAR2 could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for MS.

A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Single‐Dose, Crossover Study to Demonstrate the Bioequivalence of 2 Formulations of Albiglutide in Healthy Adult Participants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie C. Shaddinger ◽  
Georgios Vlasakakis ◽  
Joseph Soffer ◽  
Karl M. Thorpe ◽  
Daniel Hatch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Adult Participants
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