High Plasma Levels of Human Chromogranin a and Adrenomedullin in Patients with Pheochromocytoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Cotesta ◽  
Chiara Caliumi ◽  
Piero Alò ◽  
Luigi Petramala ◽  
Maria Gabriella Reale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenomas ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
The Mean

Aims and background The aim of our study was to investigate the plasma chromogranin A (CgA) and adrenomedullin (AM) levels in patients with pheochromocytomas. Methods and study design We collected blood samples for measurement of plasma CgA and AM in 21 patients with pheochromocytomas, 43 healthy subjects and 26 patients with solid non-functioning adrenocortical adenomas. In 11 patients with pheochromocytomas plasma CgA and AM were measured again four weeks after tumor removal. CgA and AM were measured by means of a novel solid-phase two-site immunoradiometric assay based on monoclonal antibodies (CgA-RIA CT, CIS bio international) and by a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA, Phoenix Pharm. Inc.), respectively. Results The mean plasma CgA level (±SD) in patients with pheochromocytomas (204 ± 147.9 ng/mL) was significantly higher (P <0.001) than that in healthy subjects (41.6 ± 10.7 ng/mL) and in patients with non-functioning adrenocortical adenomas (47.3 ± 17.6 ng/mL). The mean plasma AM concentration (±SD) in patients with pheochromocytomas (27.5 ± 10.4 pg/mL) was significantly higher (P <0.001) than that in HS (13.8 ± 4.5 pg/mL) and in patients with non-functioning adrenocortical adenomas (16.6 ± 7.3 pg/mL). Plasma CgA levels correlated with plasma AM levels (r = 0.501; P <0.02) and with plasma metanephrine levels (r = 0.738; P <0.0001) in patients with pheochromocytomas. In 11 patients with pheochromocytomas plasma CgA and AM concentrations significantly decreased after tumor removal (P <0.001 for both). Circulating CgA and AM had a sensitivity of 76.2% and 81%, a specificity of 97.7% and 90.7%, and an accuracy of 91% and 88%, respectively. Conclusion This study demonstrates that circulating CgA and AM levels are increased in pheochromocytoma patients compared with healthy subjects and patients with non-functioning adrenocortical adenomas. Moreover, at the time of diagnosis plasma CgA levels correlated with plasma AM levels and with plasma metanephrine levels in all patients with pheochromocytomas. In conclusion, plasma CgA and AM concentrations may represent additional biochemical parameters for clinical monitoring of patients with pheochromocytomas.

scholarly journals Sonographic Assessment of Heel Pad Thickness in Patients With Poorly Controlled Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Effiong Udoh ◽  
Bassey Eyo Archibong ◽  
Akpama Egwu Egong
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Heel Pad ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The aim was to compare the heel pad thickness (HPT) in diabetic patients with high biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar [FBS], hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and lipid profile) with nondiabetic counterparts. A total of 438 subjects made up of 216 diabetics with high biochemical parameters (poorly controlled) and 222 apparently healthy subjects were recruited. The HPT, FBS level, HbA1c values and lipid profile, and duration of diabetes mellitus were assessed. Results showed that the mean HPT was 13.33 ± 1.29 mm in the control subjects and 16.79 ± 1.84 mm in diabetics. The HPT among diabetics differed significantly from the control group ( P < .05). The mean value of HbA1c in the control group was 5.4 ± 1.3 compared to diabetics with values of 8.53 ± 2.1. The values of HbA1c among diabetics were significantly higher than that of the control group ( P < .05). HPT had a significant linear relationship with HbA1c among the diabetic subjects ( r = 0.42, P < .05).

Alterations in circadian rhythm of serum thyrotropin in critically ill patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Custro ◽  
Vincenza Scafidi ◽  
Alberto Notarbartolo
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disease Analysis ◽  
Serum Tsh

To evaluate the 24-h pattern of serum thyrotropin (TSH) in critically ill patients, we measured serum concentrations of TSH in blood samples collected every 2 h for 24 h from nine patients (six with malignancy, two with liver cirrhosis, one with chronic renal failure), who had subnormal levels of both triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), in the absence of history, symptoms or signs of thyroid disease. Analysis of the data, performed using a second-order inferential statistical methodology for rhythmometry (cosinor method), demonstrated that critically ill patients still had daily oscillations of serum TSH which significantly adapted to the function approximating the circadian rhythms (R2 = 74.3%). However, the mean level (mesor) in the rhythm of the patients was found to be significantly lower than that of healthy subjects (0.96 vs 2.18 mU/l); the amplitude of rhythmical daily variations also was lower in patients than in healthy subjects (0.23 vs 0.56 mU/l), even though the amplitude/mesor ratio was similar (23% vs 26%). Lastly, the highest level in the TSH rhythm of the patients was found to be in the late afternoon, in contrast to healthy subjects, who had a TSH surge after midnight. Although these alterations are consistent with the existence of a dysregulation at suprahypophyseal level in critically ill patients, it remains to be established whether the state of low T3 and T4 may be ascribed to anomalous circadian rhythm of TSH.

Oestrus in relation to peak oestradiol levels in ovariectomized Galloway cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-405
Author(s):  
A. O. Darwash ◽  
G. E. Lamming ◽  
L. M. Hicking
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Measured Dose ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol ◽  
Follicular Activity

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to characterize the variation in oestrous behaviour among ovariectomized cows in response to a measured dose of oestradiol benzoate (OB) . In study 1, nine ovariectomized Galloway cows, approximately 10 years old, were challenged with an intramuscular injection of either 0·25, 0·5 or 1·0 mg of OB. Following this, 0·5 mg OB was chosen as the appropriate dose required to induce oestrous behaviour in ovariectomized Galloway cows. In study 2, nine cows injected with 0·5 mg OB were monitored for oestrous behaviour using KAMAR® heat mount detectors. Blood samples for plasma oestradiol-17β (E2) assay were taken every 4 h between 0 to 72 h and once at 96 h, following OB administration. The plasma E2 concentrations between 0 to 96 h following OB administration differed significantly ( P < 0·001) among cows. The interval to peak E2 concentrations averaged 17·42 (s.e. 2·21) h and the mean peak E2 concentration was 5·86 (s.e. 0·57) ng/l. The mean interval from OB administration until onset of mounting activity was 24·57 (s.e.2·38) h and the duration of oestrus averaged 10·5 (s.e. 1·99) h . In all cows, mounting activity occurred following peak E2 concentrations after an average interval of 7·73 (s.e. 1·84) h. There was no significant association between peak E2 concentrations and the interval to onset of mounting activity or its duration. Since the variation among Galloway cows in the manifestation of behavioural oestrus was independent of systemic E2 concentrations, it implies that there are inherent differences between individuals in the sensitivity of the hypothalamus to physiological E2 thresholds. This may help to explain the incidence of silent ovulation in some animals and the occurrence of overt oestrus associated with follicular activity during the luteal phase of the cycle or during the various stages of pregnancy, in the presence of high plasma progesterone concentrations.

Digoxin-like immunoreactivity in normal human plasma and urine, as detected by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balzan ◽  
A Clerico ◽  
M Grazia del Chicca ◽  
U Montali ◽  
S Ghione
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Mean Sensitivity

Abstract Reports on the presence of digoxin-like immunoreactive substance(s) (DLIS) in the plasma and urine of several animal species and a few human test subjects prompted us to undertake to confirm the presence of DLIS in plasma and urine of normal persons and to investigate some characteristics of this antibody-DLIS binding. For this purpose we used a modified radioimmunoassay kit involving antidigoxin antibody-coated test tubes and 125I-labeled digoxin to measure DLIS in urine and concentrated plasma of ostensibly healthy subjects. In 12 separate experiments with plasma the mean sensitivity was 5.12 (SD 1.11) pg per tube, expressed as digoxin. There was no significant cross reactivity with human serum albumin in concentrations up to 200 g/L. The mean DLIS value (in digoxin equivalents) for plasma from 24 normal subjects was 33.58 (SD 14.24) ng/L. Its mean concentration in urine from five subjects was 315.00 (SD 91.38) ng/L.

scholarly journals Metabolic responses in endurance horses during racing in relation to uric acid profile, leucocytes, heart rate and plasma biochemical parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Adamu ◽  
MA Noraniza ◽  
A. Rasedee ◽  
A. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Uric acid has stronger pro-oxidant than antioxidant properties during equine endurance events and thus, limits performance and has serious repercussions on health. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in uric acid, leucocytes, plasma biochemical parameters and heart rate in metabolic endurance horses. Thirty Arabian endurance horses were physically examined and blood samples were collected pre and post-race. After physical examination, the successfully completed (n = 10) and metabolic disordered (n = 20) endurance horses were identified. Blood samples in heparinised vacutainer tubes were used for the determination of uric acid, triglyceride, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, packed cell volume, lactate, total protein and plasma protein. Blood sample in ethyl diaminotetra-acetic acid vacutainer tubes were used for the analysis of leucocytes. The age, body weight, heart rate, humidity and ambient temperature were also recorded. One way Analysis of variance and pairwise correlations were used for the analysis. A value of P &le; 0.05 was considered as significantly different. The mean values of uric acid, lactate, leucocytes, plasma protein, total protein, heart rate, creatine pinase and Packed cell volume were significantly different between the successfully completed and metabolic disordered endurance horses P &lt; 0.0001), respectively. The mean values of aspartate transaminase and triglyceride were significantly different between the successfully completed and metabolic disordered endurance horses: P&nbsp;&lt; 0.0130 and P &lt;&nbsp;0.0004, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between uric acid and lactate (r&nbsp;= 0.5196; P &lt; 0.0271), between uric acid and plasma protein (r = 0.6025; P &lt; 0.0175), between uric and Packed cell volume (r = 0.5206; P &lt; 0.0268), between uric acid and triglyceride (r = 0.5541; P &lt; 0.0170) and between uric acid and heart rate (r = 0.5629; P &lt; 0.0150) in the metabolic disordered endurance horses. In conclusion, heart rate, triglyceride, blood lactate and packed cell volume were significantly associated with uric acid, a biomarker of oxidative stress. Therefore, uric acid could be used to evaluate performance and health status in endurance horses during training and endurance events.

Analysis of Urinary Pseudouridine by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Evans ◽  
D Perrett ◽  
J Lunec ◽  
K E Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Capillary Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

We describe a capillary electrophoresis procedure, using uridine as an internal standard, for the analysis of urinary pseudouridine following solid-phase extraction. This method retains the advantages of existing chromatographic techniques but has superior resolving power and is technically less demanding. The standard curves were linear and reproducible with a detection limit of 60 fmol; chromatographic analysis was complete in under 10min. Injection variability was <5% and multiple independent analyses of the same urine sample for pseudouridine concentration gave coefficients of variation of < 10%. The mean (SD) urinary pseudouridine level in 18 healthy subjects was 16·1 (2·l)nmol/μmol creatinine. For a limited group of subjects where samples were taken more frequently, intra-individual variation averaged 27.5% reflecting variable excretion.

scholarly journals Measuring glycaemic responses: duplicate fasting samples or duplicate measures of one fasting sample?

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. S. Wolever ◽  
Blanche Ip ◽  
Elham Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Glucose

The precision with which glycaemic responses, expressed as incremental area under the curve (AUC), can be measured may be improved by using the average of several measures of fasting blood glucose (FBG). To see if taking two fasting blood samples would increase the precision of AUC, the glycaemic responses elicited by four test meals (50 g glucose; 50 g glucose plus 10 g fat and 10 g protein; 100 g white bread; 100 g white bread plus 10 g fat and 10 g protein) were determined in thirteen overnight-fasted healthy subjects. Two fasting blood samples were taken 5 min apart (−5 min and 0 min before starting to eat) with glucose measured three times in each sample. AUC was calculated using different estimates of FBG derived from the three measures of glucose in the two fasting blood samples and each set of AUC values subjected to ANOVA. Unexpectedly, the results were more precise when AUC was calculated from mean glucose in the 0 min blood sample (FBG0) than from mean glucose in the two different fasting blood samples. The 95 % CI of the AUC calculated using FBG0 in thirteen subjects was ±29·8; to obtain the same CI using the mean of the two fasting blood samples would require fourteen subjects. These results suggest that taking two fasting blood samples does not necessarily improve, and may even reduce, the precision of AUC as a measure of glycaemic response. Further studies are needed before requiring that two fasting blood samples be taken for determining glycaemic index.

Effect of an acute injection of melatonin on the basal secretion of hypophyseal hormones in prepubertal and pubertal healthy subjects

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lisoni ◽  
M. Resentini ◽  
R. Mauri ◽  
C. De Medici ◽  
F. Morabito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Acute Injection

Abstract. It is well known that the pineal gland can modulate the secretion of pituitary hormones. Melatonin, the main hormone produced by the pineal gland, acts at the hypothalamic site, whereas hypophyseal sensitivity to melatonin seems to change with age. To investigate the influence of pubertal development on the role of the pineal gland in the regulation of the secretion of pituitary hormones, FSH, LH, Prl, TSH and GH responses to melatonin were evaluated in a group of 9 prepubertal and 10 pubertal healthy subjects of both sexes. Melatonin was given im at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg body weight at 3 p.m. Venous blood samples were drawn −20, 0, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min, after melatonin injection. According to the same experimental protocol, venous blood samples were collected during a saline infusion on a separate occasion. FSH, LH, Prl, TSH and GH plasma levels were measured with RIA. In pubertal subjects, a significant rise in the mean Prl levels was seen 90 min after melatonin as compared with those during saline infusion. The Prl melatonin response area was significantly lower in prepubertal treated subjects and significantly higher in pubertal ones compared with the respective controls. The mean GH values showed a significant decrease 120 min after melatonin only in prepubertal subjects; no significant variations were seen in 8 of 10 pubertal subjects, whereas in the last 2 a marked increase was observed. Finally, under these conditions, melatonin did not influence the basal FSH LH and TSH levels. These results seem to suggest that hypophyseal hormone reponses change with pubertal development.

Stability of antioxidant vitamins in whole human blood during overnight storage at 4°C and frozen storage up to 6 months

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Maret G. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Plasma Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sample Handling

Abstract. To determine optimal conditions for blood collection during clinical trials, where sample handling logistics might preclude prompt separation of erythrocytes from plasma, healthy subjects (n=8, 6 M/2F) were recruited and non-fasting blood samples were collected into tubes containing different anticoagulants (ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), Li-heparin or Na-heparin). We hypothesized that heparin, but not EDTA, would effectively protect plasma tocopherols, ascorbic acid, and vitamin E catabolites (α- and γ-CEHC) from oxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, one set of tubes was processed immediately and plasma samples were stored at −80°C, while the other set was stored at 4°C and processed the following morning (~30 hours) and analyzed, or the samples were analyzed after 6 months of storage. Plasma ascorbic acid, as measured using HPLC with electrochemical detection (LC-ECD) decreased by 75% with overnight storage using EDTA as an anticoagulant, but was unchanged when heparin was used. Neither time prior to processing, nor anticoagulant, had any significant effects upon plasma α- or γ-tocopherols or α- or γ-CEHC concentrations. α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations remained unchanged after 6 months of storage at −80°C, when measured using either LC-ECD or LC/mass spectrometry. Thus, refrigeration of whole blood at 4°C overnight does not change plasma α- or γ-tocopherol concentrations or their catabolites. Ascorbic acid is unstable in whole blood when EDTA is used as an anticoagulant, but when whole blood is collected with heparin, it can be stored overnight and subsequently processed.

METHODOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN THYROTROPHIN

1972 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Gordin ◽  
Pirkko Saarinen
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Initial Binding ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT An account is given of a methodological study of the double-antibody radioimmunoassay of human TSH, using highly purified labelled human TSH as tracer. It was shown that conventional paper electrophoresis was not adequate for studying the purity of labelled human TSH. When polyvinylchloride (Pevikon®) electrophoresis was used, four subfractions could still be separated, even though, on paper electrophoresis, the material seemed to be homogeneous. Only two of the four Pevikon fractions were immunoreactive. Purification of labelled human TSH by Pevikon electrophoresis also improved the sensitivity of the assay. Specific activities of about 100 mCi/mg gave the highest initial binding capacity, produced least damage to the labelled hormone and showed the best stability of the tracer without influencing the sensitivity of the method. In different storage conditions, labelled human TSH was found to be most stable at −20°C and diluted 1/100. Only in pregnancy did the addition of HCG seem necessary. The mean TSH value in healthy subjects was 3.6 ± 1.4 μU/ml (mean±sd) with a range from 1.6 μU/ml to 8.8 μU/ml.

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