Polichemotherapy of Advanced Head and Neck Malignancies

1976 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Fazio ◽  
Pietro Cavallero ◽  
Ezio Minetto ◽  
Pier Giorgio Rattalino ◽  
Silvio Sartoris
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Advanced Head ◽  
Head And Neck Malignancies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Total Remission

The favorable results obtained by other authors with polichemotherapy encouraged us to employ therapeutic scheme using a combination of 4 drugs. Treatment envolved the administration of 300 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide, 350 mg/m2 5-fluorouracil, 10 mg/m2 methotrexate i.v. on alternate days 6–8 times, and 15 mg bleomycin on alternate days until a total dose of 150–200 mg is reached. Thirty-five out of 37 patients treated with this protocol (30 previously treated and 5 not) qualified for analysis; the site of the neoplasm, mostly squamous cell carcinoma, was different; for the most part it was in the larynx (18/35) and the oral cavity (10/35). Complete remission was achieved in 9/35 patients (25.7%), varying from 5 to 33 months (median 22); partial remission was achieved in 15/35 cases (42.8%), varying from 1 to 14 months (median 3); and there was no success in 11/35 cases (31.5%). Overall, a total remission > 50 % was observed in 24/35 patients (68.5 %). The most serious side effects both ascribed to BLM were observed in the central nervous system (increasing drowsiness and coma) and the lung. This study has shown that in the ultra head and neck malignancies medical treatment can achieve satisfactory results.

Bleeding after salvarsan

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1183-1183
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Capillary Walls

The adverse side effects of salvarsan injections include bleeding from the nose, gums, kidney, lung, etc. The reason for this is the permeability of the capillary walls to red blood cells due to irritation of the central nervous system in persons who are too sensitive to salvarsan. They are caused by the permeability of the capillary walls to red blood cells, caused by irritation of the central nervous system in persons over-sensitive to salvarsan.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-238
Author(s):  
John F. Peppin ◽  
Joseph V. Pergolizzi ◽  
Robert B. Raffa ◽  
Steven L. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Data

The authors summarize the harmful and understudied aspects of the overuse of benzodiazepines. Increased and longer-term use of benzodiazepines has been observed to lead to side effects such as sedation, cognitive issues, abuse, and dependence, as well as many other unanticipated side effects that do not fit their known mechanism of action in the central nervous system. Data also shows a correlation between concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids and increased risk of death from overdose. The authors advocate for stricter guidelines for prescribing benzodiazepines, as well as close clinical monitor and shorter-term treatment plans.

scholarly journals Minocycline-induced transient depersonalization: A case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1882382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassein Shamout ◽  
Alissa Sigal ◽  
Ivan V Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Pseudotumor Cerebri ◽  
Metabolic Encephalopathy ◽  
Serotonin System ◽  
Perioral Dermatitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Minocycline is a medication commonly used for the treatment of acne vulgaris. The central nervous system-induced side effects of minocycline include headaches, pseudotumor cerebri, ataxia, and vestibular dysfunction. Many minocycline-related side effects have been presented in the literature, however, reports of depersonalization symptoms induced by the medication are rare. We present the case of a 37-year-old female diagnosed with perioral dermatitis treated with minocycline, who within 1 week suffered from severe depersonalization symptoms. The pathophysiologic mechanism of depersonalization induced by minocycline is unclear but various hypotheses include hypersensitivity of the serotonin system, drug-related metabolic encephalopathy, substance-induced temporal disintegration, and panic-disorder-related etiology. Depersonalization is a potentially severe and important side effect of minocycline that should be documented, further investigated, and recognized by clinicians.

Radiation-associated Tumors in the Central Nervous System and the Head and Neck: What Radiologists Should Know

Neurographics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sakata ◽  
M. Kanagaki ◽  
T. Okada ◽  
A. Yamamoto ◽  
Y. Fushimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Associated Tumors

scholarly journals The Effects of General Anesthetics on Synaptic Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 936-965
Author(s):  
Xuechao Hao ◽  
Mengchan Ou ◽  
Donghang Zhang ◽  
Wenling Zhao ◽  
Yaoxin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
The Central Nervous System

General anesthetics are a class of drugs that target the central nervous system and are widely used for various medical procedures. General anesthetics produce many behavioral changes required for clinical intervention, including amnesia, hypnosis, analgesia, and immobility; while they may also induce side effects like respiration and cardiovascular depressions. Understanding the mechanism of general anesthesia is essential for the development of selective general anesthetics which can preserve wanted pharmacological actions and exclude the side effects and underlying neural toxicities. However, the exact mechanism of how general anesthetics work is still elusive. Various molecular targets have been identified as specific targets for general anesthetics. Among these molecular targets, ion channels are the most principal category, including ligand-gated ionotropic receptors like γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate and acetylcholine receptors, voltage-gated ion channels like voltage-gated sodium channel, calcium channel and potassium channels, and some second massager coupled channels. For neural functions of the central nervous system, synaptic transmission is the main procedure for which information is transmitted between neurons through brain regions, and intact synaptic function is fundamentally important for almost all the nervous functions, including consciousness, memory, and cognition. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission via modulations of specific ion channels and relevant molecular targets, which can lead to the development of safer general anesthetics with selective actions. The present review will summarize the effects of various general anesthetics on synaptic transmissions and plasticity.

Evaluation of safety and side effects in the process of anti-anxiety drug development *

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bourin ◽  
A Couetoux du Tertre ◽  
R Payeur
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
System Level ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Drug Type ◽  
Central Nervous System Level

SummaryAs with other drugs it is necessary to look for changes induced by anxiolytics on vital signs, laboratory parameters and adverse events. In return, in a more specific way for anxiolytics, we will look at side effects at the central nervous system level with psychological and physiological battery tests. We will also assess the safety of use of anxiolytics in certain specific conditions, such as overdose or withdrawal and in certain populations such as the elderly, neonates and children. The assessment of safety and side effects, whatever the drug type studied, must come early in the developing process of a drug (phases I, II and III).

Fluoxetine Hydrochloride (Prozac) Toxicity in a Neonate

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 721-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY J. SPENCER
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Total Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Level ◽  
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

A case of fluoxetine toxicity in a newborn of 38 weeks' gestation has been presented. The total drug concentration in cord blood was 80 ng/mL. The fluoxetine level, 26 ng/mL, is below the adult therapeutic level; the norfluoxetine cord blood level, 54 ng/mL, is at the adult therapeutic level. At 96 hours the fluoxetine level was not measurable and the norfluoxetine level was 55 ng/mL. The parent compound is fluoxetine, which is metabolized in the liver to norfluoxetine. The half-life of fluoxetine is 2 to 3 days, and that of norfluoxetine is 7 to 9 days. Interestingly, in our patient the fluoxetine was absent in the blood at 4 days, but norfluoxetine was present. The most common side effects of Prozac in adult patients involve primarily the central nervous system and include nervousness, tremor, jitteriness, and occasionally seizures. Central nervous system symptoms were most prominent in this newborn. He also had an increased heart rate. Cardiovascular side effects are less prominent in adults who are taking Prozac. The neonate in this case was asymptomatic at 96 hours of age, indicating that the parent compound, fluoxetine, may be the active part of the drug and side effects may be caused by the parent compound.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their effect on the nervous system: neurotoxicity, types, mechanism of occurrence

2021 ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
Elmira Erfanovna Alimova ◽  
Elena Evgenievna Al-Rabadi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Health Organization

Currently, according to the World Health Organization, about 20% of the world's population takes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are lipophilic substances that easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and can cause side effects from the central nervous system. Neurotoxicity (headache, dizziness, insomnia, depression, depersonalization, psychosis, and tremor occur during the treatment with indomethacin; visual impairment, drowsiness - during the treatment with meloxicam; hearing loss - when taking salicylates) ranks second after gastrotoxicity. The article describes the mechanisms of neurotoxicity that occur when taking NSAIDs.

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