scholarly journals Denominator Adjusted PGE Fertility and Mortality Rates for Pakistan and Bangladesh: 1962 - 65

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-207
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Project Design ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Growth Estimation ◽  
Longitudinal Registration ◽  
Sampling Approach

The Population Growth Estimation (PGE) experiment of Pakistan, launched in 1961 to collect data on births and deaths through a sampling approach, yielded estimates of vital rates for the years 1962 through 1965. The statistics obtained through the PGE for each of the former two wings of the country namely West Pakistan (now Pakistan) and East Pakistan (now Bangla¬desh) were included in the two reports on PGE which also provided a description of the project design and some of the results [4, 5]. The overall aim of the PGE was to arrive at reliable estimates of birth and death rates through improved coverage by the simultaneous use of Longitudinal Registration (LR) and retrospective Cross-sectional Survey (CS), which were each independently carried out in the same sample areas. The purpose behind using the two systems was that either the registration or the survey when used alone would miss some events of births and deaths which had actually occurred, whereas under the dual system if one system failed to cover some events, the other was likely to pick these up and vice versa.

scholarly journals Provisional Abridged Life Tables for Urban and Rural Areas in Pakistan, Based on PGS 1968 and 1971

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseem Iqbal Farooqui ◽  
Iqbal Alam
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Growth Estimation ◽  
Longitudinal Registration

As is the case in many other countries, mortality has been undergoing substantial, though not precisely understood, changes in Pakistan. In the absence of a reliable and adequate system of vital registration in the country, the precise measurement of these changes is well nigh impossible. In Pakistan, an attempt to estimate levels of fertility and mortality on a sample basis was made through the Population Growth Estimation (PGE) project undertaken from 1962 through 1965 [5, 12]. Subsequently, another demographic survey, called the Population Growth Survey (PGS), was initiated and carried out from 1968 through 1971 [13]. In the PGE a dual system of data collection was utilized based on continuous (Longitudinal) registration and a periodic (Cross-Sectional) survey. In the PGS, data were collected through periodic surveys only. Data from the PGS have only recently been made available to researchers. The present set of life tables is based on the mortality statistics collected in 1968 and 1971 field operations of the PGS.

scholarly journals Hypermobility and sports injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Alexander Nathan ◽  
Kevin Davies ◽  
Ian Swaine
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Joint Dislocation ◽  
Ligament Sprain

ObjectiveTo determine whether there is an association between hypermobility and sports injury.MethodsA quantitative observational approach using a cross-sectional survey was adopted. Individuals were identified as hypermobile or not. All participants were asked to complete two questionnaires: one asking demographic information and the other injury-specific. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis.Results114 individuals participated in the study, 62 women and 52 men. 26% of the participants were hypermobile. There was no significant association between hypermobility and sports injury (p=0.66). There was a significant increase in joint and ligament sprain among the non-hypermobile (NH) group covering all sports (p=0.03). Joint dislocation was found exclusively among hypermobile individuals. The duration of injury in hypermobile individuals was higher than NH. The use of oral painkillers or anti-inflammatories in the semiprofessional group was greater than the general population.ConclusionHypermobility is relatively common among individuals, and there is a lot of anecdotal evidence associating it with increased rates of injuries. This project finds that NH individuals are more likely to sustain a ligament or joint sprain in sports. This is due to increased joint laxity and flexibility preventing injury. There were important limitations to this study which will be addressed in further work. These include assessing for pauciarticular hypermobility and focusing on one sport to investigate its association with sports injury in those who are hypermobile or not. It would also be important to focus on one specific joint, assessing its flexibility and association with injury.

Descriptive Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the City and Province of Torino

1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Colombo ◽  
Sabina Rendine ◽  
Roberto Zanetti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Breast Cancer Death ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Between 1950–54 and 1970–74 the mortality rates from breast cancer showed a 35 % increase in Italy. In the city of Torino, an increase occurred between 1950–54 and 1960–64 but not in the following 10-year period. These trends were confirmed by the analysis of rates by cohorts of birth. In the province of Torino, between 1960–64 and 1970–74 the increase in breast cancer death rates was far lower than in the other provinces of Piedmont. It is suggested that the peculiar patterns in the city and in the province of Torino reflect qualitative changes of lifestyle brought about by the conspicous immigration from southern Italy during the sixties.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Agriculture in Response to Climate Change in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Khayer ◽  
Fatiha Sultana Eti ◽  
Md. Mohibul Hasan ◽  
Md. Khairul Bashar Biplob ◽  
Rabiul Haq Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lack Of Information

An opinion dependent cross sectional survey was conducted among charland peoples of Noakhali, Bangladesh with a view to identify the factors that affect green economy. Nijhumdwip Island and Tamaruddi union are highly affected by cyclone and soil salinity. Unpredictable rainfall is the most acute in Nijhumdwip. Lack of information the main problem in Nijhumdwip Island. Farmers are found less interest in integrated farming and crop diversification. Few farmers from Sonadia Union are involved in homestead gardening. Regression analysis have shown a negative relationship (p<0.001) between education of stockholders and decrease of crop production. On the other hand education level of stockholders is to be found positively (p<0.05) varied with decrease of food insecurity. So it can be said that educated farmers are more adaptive against climate change.

scholarly journals Mood state, motivation and impulsivity of students that participated in youth school games

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Medeiros Costa Costa ◽  
◽  
Eduardo Penna ◽  
Humberto Luís de Deus Inácio ◽  
Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mood State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Mood Scale ◽  
State Motivation

The present study aimed to compare the mood, motivation and impulsivity of student-students participating in Youth School games and their analysis between genders. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by 147 students aged 12 to 17 years (14.53 ± 1.51 years; 51,70% male). The following scales were used: 1) Brunel Mood Scale; 2) Motivation for Measured Physical Activity reviewed and 3) Impulsive Behavior Scale. For comparison between the groups, the Mann-Whitney U test was used and the effect size was calculated by means of Cohen d. The results showed that female schoolchildren had higher scores of anxiety, anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, lack of perseverance and premeditation. On the other hand, male schoolchildren presented higher scores in appearance and health, being more motivated by extrinsic factors in relation to the female sex. Therefore, it is suggested that training strategies be adapted according to gender, in view of their respective characteristics.

scholarly journals Pulmonary function changes in asymptomatic smokers - a community survey in Udupi, Karnataka, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar Elumalai ◽  
Arun G. Maiya ◽  
Kalyan B. Chakravarthy
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Smoking has been labeled the most important preventable cause of a respiratory disease and its effects in a smoker are well established. A better understanding on the pulmonary function impairments in an asymptomatic smoker is the need of the hour. Objective: To study the pulmonary function changes in asymptomatic smokers and non- smokers and to establish the dose -effect relationship amongst asymptomatic smokers.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Udupi district of Karnataka, India. 140 men aged between 20 to 45 years with a BMI ranging from 18.5 to 29.9 Kg2 /m was enrolled in to the study. 70 subjects were asymptomatic smokers and the other 70 were non-smokers. Outcomes measured were standard spirometric measures for pulmonary function and symptoms like breathlessness, cough and sputum using a Breathlessness Cough Sputum scale.Results: The mean age (mean ± SD) of non-smokers and asymptomatic smokers enrolled was 34.7±5 and 33.8±5 years respectively. The mean smoking dose amongst the asymptomatic smokers was 15.74±5.5 pack years. FEV1 amongst the asymptomatic smokers showed a negative correlation with smoking dose (p<0.05) and there was a significant difference in FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MVV and FEF 25- 75 % (p<0.001) amongst the asymptomatic smokers and non-smokers.Conclusions: Asymptomatic smokers showed low values of pulmonary function parameters compared to those in non-smokers.

scholarly journals Who gets lost and why: A representative cross-sectional survey on sociodemographic and vestibular determinants of wayfinding strategies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Ulrich ◽  
Eva Grill ◽  
Virginia L. Flanagin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractWhen we think of our family and friends, we probably know someone who is good at finding their way and someone else that easily get lost. We still know little about the biological and environmental factors that influence our navigational ability. Here, we investigated the frequency and sociodemographic determinants of wayfinding and their association with vestibular function in a representative cross-sectional sample (N = 783) of the adult German-speaking population. Wayfinding was assessed using the Wayfinding Strategy Scale, a self-report scale that produces two scores for each participant representing to what degree they rely on route-based or orientation (map-based) strategies. We were interested in the following research questions: (1) the frequency and determinants of wayfinding strategies in a population-based representative sample, (2) the relationship between vestibular function and strategy choice and (3) how sociodemographic factors influence general wayfinding ability as measured using a combined score from both strategy scores. Our linear regression models showed that being male, having a higher education, higher age and lower regional urbanization increased orientation strategy scores. Vertigo/dizziness reduced the scores of both the orientation and the route strategies. Using a novel approach, we grouped participants by their combined strategy scores in a multinomial regression model, to see whether individuals prefer one strategy over the other. The majority of individuals reported using either both or no strategy, instead of preferring one strategy over the other. Young age and reduced vestibular function were indicative of using no strategy. In summary, wayfinding ability depends on both biological and environmental factors; all sociodemographic factors except income. Over a third of the population, predominantly under the age of 35, does not successfully use either strategy. This represents a change in our wayfinding skills, which may result from the technological advances in navigational aids over the last few decades.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Obesity in Hail Region, KSA: In a Comprehensive Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed ◽  
Ibrahim Abdelmajeed Ginawi ◽  
Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali ◽  
Ibraheem M. Ashankyty ◽  
Awdah M. Al-hazimi
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

Background. Obesity contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. We, therefore, aimed to provide epidemiological data on the prevalence of obesity in Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Methodology. Data were collected during cross-sectional survey which included 5000 Saudi selected from 30 primary health care centers (PHCs) in Hail Region.Results. The overall prevalence of obesity in Hail was 63.6%. Moreover, the prevalence of males was 56.2% and the prevalence of females was 71%.Conclusion. Obesity is prevalent in the Hail Region which necessitates urgent interventions including health education.

scholarly journals The Value of Belongingness in Relation to Religious Belief, Institutionalized Religion, Moral Judgement and Solidarity

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Jiří Pospíšil ◽  
Pavla Macháčková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Religious Belief ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Personal Attitudes

Although religious belief represents the main reason people belong or do not belong to a specific church or religious society, it is not always the only reason, and increasingly there are other factors that affect this belonging. These factors include the attitude toward institutionalized religion, and a preference for the value of belongingness plays an important role as well. Both of these factors are also influenced by the wider context of personal attitudes to morality and solidarity. In our research, we assumed that the value of belongingness is a cornerstone that, in specific ways, binds all the other mentioned factors, and is likewise related to religious belief. To confirm this assumption, we conducted research using a widespread cross-sectional survey. In total, we received data from 5175 respondents (2204 men, 2957 women, and 16 of another gender). The data were collected in the Czech Republic, which can be considered a country with a wide spectrum of different religious beliefs. All hypothetical assumptions were confirmed as statistically significant, and the analysis of the inner structure of these relationships showed their complexity. Because of the high complexity of the examined phenomena, only the main findings are discussed in this paper. Our conclusions confirm the increasing number of people for whom belonging is more important or takes precedence over religious belief. These conclusions led us to several recommendations for religious institutions or societies.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING JOB STRESS AMONG NIGERIAN WORKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 460-463
Author(s):  
Jacinta N. Ugwu ◽  
◽  
Monday D. Aribido ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Influencing

The study was conducted to examine workplace stress based on delayed promotion and workplace welfare packages. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey. Workers from Federal, state, and private sectors were drawn from ministries, agencies, and departments as the research participants. The participants included a total of one hundred and thirty-eight (138) workers comprising male and female. A self-developed scale was used for data collection. The findings revealed that delayed promotion in the workplace does not necessarily predict workplace stress.On the other hand, the result also found that workplace welfare packages significantly predicted job stress. The current study concludes that workers observed non-promotion in work is not a contributory factor in job stress among workers. However, workplace welfare packages are implicated in job stress. Therefore, the study recommends that functional workplace welfare packages be established in the workplace.

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