scholarly journals Porcine Fetuses with Pulmonary Hypoplasia Resulting from Experimental Swine Influenza Virus Infection

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Brown ◽  
W. L. Mengeling ◽  
P. S. Paul ◽  
E. C. Pirtle
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Pulmonary Hypoplasia ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Epithelial Injury ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody

Porcine fetuses between 51 and 57 days of gestation were inoculated intraallantoically with swine influenza virus and examined 3, 7, 13, 28 and 58 days after inoculation. At 3 and 7 days, severe epithelial necrosis was seen in most bronchial buds and there was moderate epithelial necrosis in more fully differentiated major bronchi. As a result of the epithelial injury, bronchial buds did not develop further and the surrounding mesoderm failed to differentiate. By 28 days, the lungs of inoculated fetuses were about one-half the size of the normal control lungs. Microscopically, the lungs of the inoculated fetuses were composed of major bronchi surrounded by multiple islands of cartilage, medium to large arteries and a few small, incompletely developed lobules. Influenza virus was isolated most consistently and in greatest quantity from the lung, trachea and chorion of inoculated fetuses. Influenza viral antigen was shown in the epithelium of bronchial buds, bronchi and the trachea by direct fluorescent antibody staining. Hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to influenza virus were first found in the serum of an inoculated fetus at 13 days and in the sera of all inoculated fetuses at 28 and 58 days.

scholarly journals High Risk of Influenza Virus Infection Among Swine Workers: Examining a Dynamic Cohort in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K Borkenhagen ◽  
Guo-Lin Wang ◽  
Ryan A Simmons ◽  
Zhen-Qiang Bi ◽  
Bing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Swine Workers

Abstract Background China is thought to be a hotspot for zoonotic influenza virus emergence, yet there have been few prospective studies examining the occupational risks of such infections. Methods We present the first 2 years of data collected from a 5-year, prospective, cohort study of swine-exposed and -unexposed participants at 6 swine farms in China. We conducted serological and virological surveillance to examine evidence for swine influenza A virus infection in humans. Results Of the 658 participants (521 swine-exposed and 137 swine-unexposed), 207 (31.5%) seroconverted against at least 1 swine influenza virus subtype (swine H1N1 or H3N2). Swine-exposed participants’ microneutralization titers, especially those enrolled at confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs), were higher against the swine H1N1 virus than were other participants at 12 and 24 months. Despite elevated titers, among the 187 study subjects for whom we had complete follow-up, participants working at swine CAFOs had significantly greater odds of seroconverting against both the swine H1N1 (odds ratio [OR] 19.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.55–358.65) and swine H3N2 (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.16–8.01) viruses, compared to unexposed and non-CAFO swine workers with less intense swine exposure. Conclusions While some of the observed increased risk against swine viruses may have been explained by exposure to human influenza strains, study data suggest that even with elevated preexisting antibodies, swine-exposed workers were at high risk of infection with enzootic swine influenza A viruses.

Role of IFN-α during the acute stage of a swine influenza virus infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Barbé ◽  
Xavier Saelens ◽  
Debby Braeckmans ◽  
François Lefèvre ◽  
Kristien Van Reeth
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Acute Stage

scholarly journals THE SWINE LUNGWORM AS A RESERVOIR AND INTERMEDIATE HOST FOR SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS

1955 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serological Evidence ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Show Evidence

Twenty-five swine, infested with lungworms infected with masked swine influenza virus, were exposed to adverse weather conditions on one or more occasions. Of these, 4 came down with apparent swine influenza, while 6 others developed serological evidence of infection with swine influenza virus. The remaining 15 prepared swine, as well as 8 lungworm-free control swine, failed to show evidence of swine influenza virus infection, despite repeated exposures to adverse weather. The data presented indicate that, in the 10 swine in which swine influenza virus infections were elicited, some feature of the weather to which the animals were exposed was responsible for provoking masked influenza virus to infectivity. The exact constituent of the meteorological complex comprising "weather", responsible for the provocation, cannot be determined from the data obtained.

scholarly journals A Pre-Pandemic Outbreak of Triple-Reassortant Swine Influenza Virus Infection Among University Students, South Dakota, 2008

2011 ◽  
Vol 204 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah S. Dawood ◽  
Libo Dong ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Dianna M. Blau ◽  
Patrick J. Peebles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
University Students ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza

scholarly journals IFI27 transcription is an early predictor for COVID-19 outcomes; a multi-cohort observational study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Shojaei ◽  
Amir Shamshirian ◽  
James Monkman ◽  
Laura Grice ◽  
Minh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
The Family ◽  
Inducible Protein

Background. Robust biomarkers that predict disease outcomes amongst COVID19 patients are necessary for both patient triage and resource prioritisation. Numerous candidate biomarkers have been proposed for COVID19. However, at present, there is no consensus on the best diagnostic approach to predict outcomes in infected patients. Moreover, it is not clear whether such tools would apply to other potentially pandemic pathogens and therefore of use as stockpile for future pandemic preparedness. Methods. We conducted a multi cohort observational study to investigate the biology and the prognostic role of interferon alpha inducible protein 27 (IFI27) in COVID19 patients. Findings. We show that IFI27 is expressed in the respiratory tract of COVID19 patients and elevated IFI27 expression is associated with the presence of a high viral load. We further demonstrate that systemic host response, as measured by blood IFI27 expression, is associated with COVID19 severity. For clinical outcome prediction (e.g. respiratory failure), IFI27 expression displays a high positive (0.83) and negative (0.95) predictive value, outperforming all other known predictors of COVID19 severity. Furthermore, IFI27 is upregulated in the blood of infected patients in response to other respiratory viruses. For example, in the pandemic H1N1/09 swine influenza virus infection, IFI27 like genes were highly upregulated in the blood samples of severely infected patients. Interpretation. These data suggest that prognostic biomarkers targeting the family of IFI27 genes could potentially supplement conventional diagnostic tools in future virus pandemics, independent of whether such pandemics are caused by a coronavirus, an influenza virus or another as yet to be discovered respiratory virus.

scholarly journals PB1-F2 Protein Does Not Impact the Virulence of Triple-Reassortant H3N2 Swine Influenza Virus in Pigs but Alters Pathogenicity and Transmission in Turkeys

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadeeswaran Deventhiran ◽  
Sandeep R. P. Kumar ◽  
Shobana Raghunath ◽  
Tanya Leroith ◽  
Subbiah Elankumaran
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACTPB1-F2 protein, the 11th influenza A virus (IAV) protein, is considered to play an important role in primary influenza virus infection and postinfluenza secondary bacterial pneumonia in mice. The functional role of PB1-F2 has been reported to be a strain-specific and host-specific phenomenon. Its precise contribution to the pathogenicity and transmission of influenza virus in mammalian host, such as swine, and avian hosts, such as turkeys, remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the role of PB1-F2 protein of triple-reassortant (TR) H3N2 swine influenza virus (SIV) in pigs and turkeys. Using the eight-plasmid reverse genetics system, we rescued wild-type SIV A/swine/Minnesota/1145/2007 (H3N2) (SIV 1145-WT), a PB1-F2 knockout mutant (SIV 1145-KO), and its N66S variant (SIV 1145-N66S). The ablation of PB1-F2 in SIV 1145 modulated early-stage apoptosis but did not affect the viral replication in swine alveolar macrophage cells. In pigs, PB1-F2 expression did not affect nasal shedding, lung viral load, immunophenotypes, and lung pathology. On the other hand, in turkeys, SIV 1145-KO infected poults, and its in-contacts developed clinical signs earlier than SIV 1145-WT groups and also displayed more extensive histopathological changes in intestine. Further, turkeys infected with SIV 1145-N66S displayed poor infectivity and transmissibility. The more extensive histopathologic changes in intestine and relative transmission advantage observed in turkeys infected with SIV 1145-KO need to be further explored. Taken together, these results emphasize the host-specific roles of PB1-F2 in the pathogenicity and transmission of IAV.IMPORTANCENovel triple-reassortant H3N2 swine influenza virus emerged in 1998 and spread rapidly among the North American swine population. Subsequently, it showed an increased propensity to reassort, generating a range of reassortants. Unlike classical swine influenza virus, TR SIV produces a full-length PB1-F2 protein, which is considered an important virulence marker of IAV pathogenicity. Our study demonstrated that the expression of PB1-F2 does not impact the pathogenicity of TR H3N2 SIV in pigs. On the other hand, deletion of PB1-F2 caused TR H3N2 SIV to induce clinical disease early and resulted in effective transmission among the turkey poults. Our study emphasizes the continuing need to better understand the virulence determinants for IAV in intermediate hosts, such as swine and turkeys, and highlights the host-specific role of PB1-F2 protein.

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