Generalized AA-amyloidosis in Siberian Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) with Predominant Renal Medullary Amyloid Deposition

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schulze ◽  
M. Brügmann ◽  
M. Böer ◽  
H.-P. Brandt ◽  
J. Pohlenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Panthera Tigris Altaica ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Congo Red Staining

Generalized amyloidosis with predominant renal medullary amyloid deposition was found in four closely related Siberian tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica) suffering from end stage kidney diseases. Only minimal to mild amounts of amyloid were deposited in various organs outside the kidneys with individually variable organ involvement. The Congo red staining affinity of amyloid deposits was sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation. The deposits were further characterized as being of the amyloid-A (AA) type by immunohistochemistry using the mouse monoclonal antibody mc4 directed against a conserved region of the human AA-protein. A combination of immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining was much more sensitive for the diagnosis of amyloid deposits than Congo red staining alone. With this combination, even minimal amyloid deposits were detected that had been missed in the first reading using Congo-red-stained slides alone. Since no common primary cause was identified, the amyloidosis was classified as idiopathic generalized AA-amyloidosis with a potential familial predisposition.

scholarly journals Deposition, Clearance, and Reinduction of Amyloid A Amyloid in Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Knockout Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Watanabe ◽  
K. Uchida ◽  
J. K. Chambers ◽  
N. Ushio ◽  
H. Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Enhancing Factor ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Amyloid Enhancing Factor

Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is characterized by the extracellular deposition of AA amyloid and results in the irreversible dysfunction of parenchymal organs. In experimental models, AA amyloid deposits are cleared following a decrease in circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations. Additional inflammatory stimuli during this recovery process may induce more severe amyloid redeposition. In the present study, we confirmed the deposition, clearance, and reinduction of AA amyloid deposits in interleukin 1 receptor antagonist knockout mice (IL-1raKO) and studied the SAA levels and amyloid-enhancing factor activity based on the time-dependent changes of amyloid deposition. Histopathologically, following initial (day 0) injection of amyloid-enhancing factor in combination with an inflammatory stimulus (silver nitrate [AgNO3]), amyloid deposition peaked by day 20, and its deposition gradually decreased after day 35. SAA concentrations in serum were precipitously elevated on day 1 but returned to normal levels by day 10, whereas the SAA dimer was detected in serum after day 45. An additional AgNO3 injection was administered to mice with amyloidosis on day 5, 10, 35, or 50, and all mice developed large amyloid deposits. Amyloid deposition was most severe in mice treated with AgNO3 on day 35. The inoculation of sera from mice with AA amyloidosis, combined with AgNO3, induced AA amyloidosis. Serum samples collected on days 35 and 50, which contained high concentrations of the SAA dimer, induced amyloidosis in a high proportion (83%) of mice. Therefore, increased SAA and/or its dimer in serum during the recovery process may markedly exacerbate the development of AA amyloidosis.

scholarly journals Spontaneous, Experimentally Induced, and Transmissible AA Amyloidosis in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Nakayama ◽  
Junichi Kamiie ◽  
Gen Watanabe ◽  
Kazuhiko Suzuki ◽  
Tomoaki Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Amyloid Enhancing Factor ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The authors describe a spontaneous case of amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis in an adult female Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica). The bird developed AA amyloidosis secondary to chronic peritonitis caused by a Gram-negative bacillus infection. Mild amyloid deposition was also identified in the intestinal tract of apparently healthy adult individuals, suggesting that quail may develop intestinal amyloidosis with age. Based on these observations, it was hypothesized that quail can develop AA amyloidosis following inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, adult quail were repeatedly injected with LPS and the development of AA amyloidosis was confirmed. The amyloid deposition in this model increased when quail amyloid was intravenously injected as an amyloid-enhancing factor. The experiments were repeated with young quail, but amyloid deposits were not observed following LPS injections. However, AA amyloidosis did develop when quail amyloid was injected in addition to LPS. These results indicated that adult quail develop AA amyloidosis after inflammatory stimulation with LPS. Furthermore, quail AA amyloidosis was shown to have transmissibility regardless of age. Interestingly, the authors found that administration of chicken amyloid fibrils also induced AA amyloidosis in young quail. This is the first report of cross-species transmission of avian AA amyloidosis.

scholarly journals Generalized AA-Amyloidosis in a Bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Gruber ◽  
R. P. Linke
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Pipistrellus Pipistrellus ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Congo Red Staining

Generalized amyloidosis was found to be the cause of death in a female adult insectivorous pipistrelle bat ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus) after chronic wound inflammation. Large amounts of amyloid were detected in liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, intestine, lymphatic tissues, and endocrine and salivary glands. Congo red staining and green birefringence identified amyloid; the Congo red staining was sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation. The amyloid was further classified immunohistochemically. The deposits reacted with two anti-human-AA-amyloid monoclonal antibodies in a peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction, whereas no reaction was found with antibodies specific for other types of amyloid. Thus, the bat amyloid deposits were identified as generalized reactive AA-amyloidosis.

scholarly journals High-sensitivity diagnosis of AA amyloidosis using Congo red and immunohistochemistry detects missed amyloid deposits.

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 863-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Linke ◽  
H V Gärtner ◽  
H Michels
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Pediatric Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Renal Biopsies ◽  
Rectal Biopsies

Biopsy diagnosis of early amyloid-A (AA) amyloidosis has often been difficult. Examination of 57 consecutive biopsy specimens from 42 patients with inflammatory pediatric diseases permitted comparison of the precision of biopsy amyloid diagnosis in six different laboratories (labs), which applied the following methods: Congo red alone (four unspecialized labs combined as Lab 1), Congo red and electron microscopy (Lab 2), or Congo red and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (Lab 3). Lab 3 reexamined the diagnoses made by Lab 1 and Lab 2. Of the 42 patients, 17 patients with 32 biopsies were selected for this study based on the presence of amyloid in at least one biopsy. Whereas massive or no amyloid was concordantly recognized by all labs in 18 biopsies from nine patients, discordance was demonstrated in 14 biopsies from eight patients. Comparison of Labs 1-3 revealed amyloid in 12 rectal and 18 renal biopsies evaluated by Lab 3, whereas Lab 2 missed amyloid in two of 18 renal biopsies and Lab 1 missed amyloid in 11 of 12 rectal biopsies. Most amyloid was missed when only minute amounts of amyloid were present. Had our technique (Lab 3) been available at the time of biopsy, amyloid could have been diagnosed years earlier, thereby sparing the patient further biopsies and allowing initiation of earlier treatment before organ damage could occur.

scholarly journals Amyloid deposition in granuloma of tuberculosis patients: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Ghosh ◽  
Akansha Garg ◽  
Chayanika Kala ◽  
Ashwani Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Secondary Amyloidosis ◽  
Amyloid Formation ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

AbstractThe formation of granuloma is one of the characteristic feature of tuberculosis. Besides, rise in the concentration of acute phase response proteins mainly serum amyloid A is the indicator for chronic inflammation associated with tuberculosis. Serum amyloid A drives secondary amyloidosis in tuberculosis and other chronic inflammatory conditions. The linkage between serum amyloid A (SAA) protein and amyloid deposition site is not well understood in tuberculosis and other chronic inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that granuloma could be a potential site for amyloid deposition because of the presence of serum amyloid A protein and proteases that cleave SAA and trigger amyloid formation. Based on this hypothesis, for the first time we have shown the presence of amyloid deposits in the granuloma of tuberculosis patients using the gold standard, Congo red dye staining.

scholarly journals Histochemical Differential Diagnosis and Polarization Optical Analysis of Amyloid and Amyloidosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 154-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bély
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Protein Fibrils ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Sensitive Method

Amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular deposition of protein fibrils of chemically heterogeneous composition. Early recognition and identification of amyloid deposits allows an early start of therapy, which may entail a better prognosis. Congo red staining according to Romhányi (1971) is a highly specific and sensitive method for early microscopic recognition of amyloidosis. The main and most important types of amyloidosis may be distinguished by classic histochemical methods of performate pretreatment according to Romhányi (1979), or by KMnO4oxidation according to Wright (1977) followed by Congo red staining and viewed under polarized light. Differences in the speed of breakdown (disintegration) of amyloid deposits according to Bély and Apáthy allow a more precise distinction of various types of amyloid.

An Ancillary Tool for the Diagnosis of Amyloid A Amyloidosis in a Variety of Domestic and Wild Animals

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shtrasburg ◽  
R. Gal ◽  
E. Gruys ◽  
S. Perl ◽  
B. M. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Amyloid Deposit ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Species Specific

Immunohistochemistry, the standard method for diagnosing amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, is limited in animals because it requires a large array of animal-specific anti-AA antibodies, not commercially available. The Shtrasburg method (SH method) is a highly specific and sensitive technique, helping in the diagnosis and determination of AA amyloidosis in humans. The aim of this study is to determine whether the SH method is applicable in the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis in a variety of animals. Tissue samples were obtained from animals suffering from spontaneous or experimentally induced AA amyloidosis (mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, cheetahs, cats, cows, ducks, a dog, a goose, a chicken, and a turaco). Detection of the amyloid and quantitative evaluation were performed using Congo red staining, and specific AA typing was performed by the potassium permanganate technique. The studied tissues were subjected to the SH method, which confirmed the AA nature of the amyloid deposit, by displaying in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein bands consistent with the molecular weight of the species-specific AA, in all the animals examined, except mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs. N-terminal analysis of these bands corroborated their AA origin. We conclude that the SH method may be used as an ancillary simple tool for the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis in a large number of domestic and wild animals. Moreover, our findings further increase the feasibility of applying this method in humans.

Effective Anti-TNF-α Therapy Can Induce Rapid Resolution and Sustained Decrease of Gastroduodenal Mucosal Amyloid Deposits in Reactive Amyloidosis Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2409-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKESHI KURODA ◽  
YOKO WADA ◽  
DAISUKE KOBAYASHI ◽  
SHUICHI MURAKAMI ◽  
TAKEHITO SAKAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Reactive Amyloidosis ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein ◽  
Before And After

Objective.To examine the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) therapy in patients with reactive AA amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Fourteen patients with reactive AA amyloidosis associated with RA were prospectively evaluated. Four patients were treated with infliximab and 10 with etanercept. The mean period of anti-TNF therapy was 20.1 ± 13.8 months. Laboratory findings and renal function were examined before and after initiation of anti-TNF therapy. In 9 patients the area of amyloid deposits in serial gastroduodenal mucosal biopsy specimens was examined and image analysis was performed.Results.C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein levels were significantly reduced after initiation of anti-TNF therapy. Twenty-four hour creatinine clearance improved in 4 patients, did not change in 5, and deteriorated in 3. Twenty-four hour urinary protein excretion was significantly decreased in 3 patients, not exacerbated in 6, and increased in 3 after initiation of anti-TNF therapy. The biopsy specimens from the 9 patients who underwent serial gastroduodenal biopsies showed significant decreases in the area of amyloid deposits, from 8.8% ± 6.4% to 1.6% ± 0.6% (p = 0.003) after initiation of anti-TNF therapy. Four patients showed a sustained decrease in the areas of amyloid deposits in their third biopsy specimens, and amyloid deposits were not detectable in 2.Conclusion.Our results indicate a striking effect of anti-TNF therapy for rapid removal and sustained disappearance of amyloid deposits in gastric mucosal tissue with amelioration of renal functions in patients with reactive amyloidosis due to RA.

scholarly journals AMYLOID GOITER AS THE FIRST RECOGNIZABLE MANIFESTATION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN AMYLOIDOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e326-e329 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Orrego ◽  
Joseph A. Chorny
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Light Chain Amyloidosis ◽  
Amyloid Goiter ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Bethesda System

Objective: Clinically apparent thyroid enlargement due to massive amounts of amyloid deposition, known as amyloid goiter, is rare. Endocrinologists should become familiar with this manifestation of systemic amyloidosis, which may be diagnosed by Congo red staining of the specimen obtained by fine-needle aspiration. Methods: We describe a 70-year-old man who presented with a slowly enlarging goiter. It was asymptomatic, predominantly left-sided, nontoxic, and multinodular with atypia of undetermined significance (Bethesda System category III) by cytology. The goiter tested negative using the ThyraMIR miRNA Gene Expression Classifier kit (eviCore Healthcare, Bluffton, SC). Results: Left thyroid lobectomy produced a 220-g specimen with nodular hyperplasia and prominent amyloid deposition confirmed by Congo red staining. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detected a peptide profile consistent with light chain amyloid deposition of the lambda type, formerly called primary amyloidosis. In retrospect, he had been diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy, cardiac conduction system disease, coronary artery disease, non-nephrotic range proteinuria, and chronic kidney disease, which had been attributed to his longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus. Extensive workup subsequently demonstrated cardiac amyloidosis and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, consistent with light chain amyloidosis. Conclusion: Amyloid goiter should be included in the differential diagnosis of enlarging goiters with Bethesda System category III cytology in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance, clinical manifestations of systemic amyloidosis, or known diagnosis of monoclonal cell dyscrasia.

AA-amyloidosis in captive northern tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri)

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582110668
Author(s):  
Annette Klein ◽  
Ute Radespiel ◽  
Felix Felmy ◽  
Tina Brezina ◽  
Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Tupaia Belangeri ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Important Disease

A high prevalence of AA-amyloidosis was identified in a breeding colony of northern tree shrews ( Tupaia belangeri) in a retrospective analysis, with amyloid deposits in different organs being found in 26/36 individuals (72%). Amyloid deposits, confirmed by Congo red staining, were detected in kidneys, intestines, skin, and lymph nodes, characteristic of systemic amyloidosis. Immunohistochemically, the deposited amyloid was intensely positive with anti-AA-antibody (clone mc4), suggesting AA-amyloidosis. The kidneys were predominantly affected (80%), where amyloid deposits ranged from mild to severe and was predominantly located in the renal medulla. In addition, many kidneys contained numerous cysts with atrophy of the renal parenchyma. There was no significant association between concurrent neoplastic or inflammatory processes and amyloidosis. The lack of distinctive predisposing factors suggests a general susceptibility of captive T. belangeri to develop amyloidosis. Clinical and laboratory findings of a female individual with pronounced kidney alterations were indicative of renal failure. The observed tissue tropism with pronounced kidney alterations, corresponding renal dysfunction, and an overall high prevalence suggests amyloidosis as an important disease in captive tree shrews.

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