An Ancillary Tool for the Diagnosis of Amyloid A Amyloidosis in a Variety of Domestic and Wild Animals

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shtrasburg ◽  
R. Gal ◽  
E. Gruys ◽  
S. Perl ◽  
B. M. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Amyloid Deposit ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Species Specific

Immunohistochemistry, the standard method for diagnosing amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, is limited in animals because it requires a large array of animal-specific anti-AA antibodies, not commercially available. The Shtrasburg method (SH method) is a highly specific and sensitive technique, helping in the diagnosis and determination of AA amyloidosis in humans. The aim of this study is to determine whether the SH method is applicable in the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis in a variety of animals. Tissue samples were obtained from animals suffering from spontaneous or experimentally induced AA amyloidosis (mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, cheetahs, cats, cows, ducks, a dog, a goose, a chicken, and a turaco). Detection of the amyloid and quantitative evaluation were performed using Congo red staining, and specific AA typing was performed by the potassium permanganate technique. The studied tissues were subjected to the SH method, which confirmed the AA nature of the amyloid deposit, by displaying in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein bands consistent with the molecular weight of the species-specific AA, in all the animals examined, except mice, hamsters, and guinea pigs. N-terminal analysis of these bands corroborated their AA origin. We conclude that the SH method may be used as an ancillary simple tool for the diagnosis of AA amyloidosis in a large number of domestic and wild animals. Moreover, our findings further increase the feasibility of applying this method in humans.

scholarly journals A Concise Review of Amyloidosis in Animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moges Woldemeskel
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Amyloid Deposit ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Misfolding Diseases

Amyloidosis refers to a group of protein misfolding diseases characterized by deposition of a particular amyloid protein in various organs and tissues of animals and humans. Various types and clinical forms of amyloidosis, in which the pathology and pathogenesis is diverse depending upon the underlying causes and species affected, are reported in domestic and wild animals. The clinical findings are also quite variable consequent to the variation of the tissues and organs involved and the extent of functional disruption of the affected organs in various animal species. The affected organs may be enlarged and exhibit variable pallor grossly, or the amyloid deposit may be discernible only after microscopic examination of the affected tissues. Amyloid appears as a pale eosinophilic homogenous extracellular deposit in tissues. However, microscopic examination and Congo red staining with green birefringence under polarized light are needed to confirm amyloid and differentiate it from other apparently similar extracellular deposits such as collagen and fibrin. Identifying the type of amyloid deposit needs immunohistochemical staining, ultrastructural characterization of the amyloid fibril, and if feasible also genetic studies of the involved species for clinical and prognostic purposes. This paper provides a concise review of the occurrence of amyloidosis in domestic and wild animals.

Pathology of AA Amyloidosis in Domestic Sheep and Goats

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ménsua ◽  
L. Carrasco ◽  
M. J. Bautista ◽  
E. Biescas ◽  
A. Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Partial Sequence ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Amyloid A

We describe the main pathologic changes in small ruminants affected by AA amyloidosis, together with the partial sequence of the protein involved. Twenty-one sheep and one goat were selected for presenting macroscopic kidney lesions compatible with systemic amyloidosis. Available tissue samples were studied by histologic, immunopathologic, and ultrastructural means. Renal lesions were characterized grossly by pale cortical surfaces with scattered, miliary, whitish-yellow foci and on cut cortical surfaces by straight, whitish-yellow striations. Gangrenous pneumonia was observed in 16 out of 21 affected sheep (76.2%), although other chronic inflammations were also observed. Amyloid was detected in all grossly affected kidneys using Congo red staining, lesions being most remarkable in glomeruli, affecting 95.5% of animals studied. Congophilic deposits were also observed in intertubular interstitium (68.2%) and medulla (57.1%). All amyloid-affected animals presented proximal convoluted tubule lesions, mostly characterized by an increase in diameter and by hyaline granular degeneration that were responsible for the macroscopic appearance of the kidney. Histologically, amyloid was also seen in blood vessels, spleen, liver, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and adrenal glands. All amyloid deposits demonstrated greenish-yellow birefringence with polarized light, and the antisera prepared against goat amyloid extracts specifically reacted with birefringent congophilic deposits of both sheep and goats. Ultrastructurally, these deposits were formed by masses of straight, nonbranching fibrils located predominantly in the basement membranes of glomerular capillaries and in the mesangium. Partial sequence of the protein in sheep and goats indicated a high degree of homology with the previously reported sequence of sheep Serum Amyloid A.

Determination of succinyldicholine in different tissue samples from guinea pigs after injection of a single intravenous dose

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Malthe-Sørenssen ◽  
E. Odden ◽  
J. Blanch ◽  
A. Bugge ◽  
J. Mørland
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Single Intravenous Dose ◽  
Tissue Samples

scholarly journals Improved method for diagnosis of Nerium oleander poisoning in necropsy tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana F.M. Botelho ◽  
Fabiano A.S. Oliveira ◽  
Aparecida T.L. Fiúza ◽  
Heloísa P. Pedroza ◽  
Stephanie E.M.T. Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Modified Quechers ◽  
The World ◽  
Cardioactive Glycosides

ABSTRACT: Nerium oleander is an ornamental cardiotoxic plant found in tropical and subtropical areas of the World. Its toxicity is related to the content of cardioactive glycosides, mainly oleandrin, found throughout the plant. The present study aimed to describe a new and improved method for oleandrin detection in tissue samples. The determination of oleandrin was made after extraction with a modified QuEChERS technique and measurement by UFLC-MS/MS. A total of 36 guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) were distributed into 3 groups (n=12): control group that received only water orally (CON), and two treated groups that received hydroalcoholic oleander extract at doses of 150mg.kg-1 (OLE 150) and 300mg.kg-1 (OLE 300) in single oral dose. After three hours, fragments of heart, kidneys, liver and brain were collected for determination of oleandrin levels. The extraction and chromatographic procedures were effective for oleandrin detection and quantification in tissues, with retention time of 1.2 min and detection limit of 0.001μg g-1. The chromatographic analysis of treated guinea pigs indicated that oleandrin is distributed equally among the analyzed tissues. The developed methodology is a reliable, effective and rapid form of diagnosis of N. oleander poisoning based on necropsy tissue samples.

Generalized AA-amyloidosis in Siberian Tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) with Predominant Renal Medullary Amyloid Deposition

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schulze ◽  
M. Brügmann ◽  
M. Böer ◽  
H.-P. Brandt ◽  
J. Pohlenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Amyloid Deposition ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Familial Predisposition ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Panthera Tigris Altaica ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Congo Red Staining

Generalized amyloidosis with predominant renal medullary amyloid deposition was found in four closely related Siberian tigers ( Panthera tigris altaica) suffering from end stage kidney diseases. Only minimal to mild amounts of amyloid were deposited in various organs outside the kidneys with individually variable organ involvement. The Congo red staining affinity of amyloid deposits was sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation. The deposits were further characterized as being of the amyloid-A (AA) type by immunohistochemistry using the mouse monoclonal antibody mc4 directed against a conserved region of the human AA-protein. A combination of immunohistochemistry and Congo red staining was much more sensitive for the diagnosis of amyloid deposits than Congo red staining alone. With this combination, even minimal amyloid deposits were detected that had been missed in the first reading using Congo-red-stained slides alone. Since no common primary cause was identified, the amyloidosis was classified as idiopathic generalized AA-amyloidosis with a potential familial predisposition.

scholarly journals Aggregation of Mouse Serum Amyloid A Protein Was Promoted by Amyloid-Enhancing Factors with the More Genetically Homologous Serum Amyloid A

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Xuguang Lin ◽  
Kenichi Watanabe ◽  
Masahiro Kuragano ◽  
Kiyotaka Tokuraku
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Basic Residue ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a condition in which amyloid fibrils characterized by a linear morphology and a cross-β structure accumulate and are deposited extracellularly in organs, resulting in chronic inflammatory diseases and infections. The incidence of AA amyloidosis is high in humans and several animal species. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is one of the most important precursor amyloid proteins and plays a vital step in AA amyloidosis. Amyloid enhancing factor (AEF) serves as a seed for fibril formation and shortens the onset of AA amyloidosis sharply. In this study, we examined whether AEFs extracted and purified from five animal species (camel, cat, cattle, goat, and mouse) could promote mouse SAA (mSAA) protein aggregation in vitro using quantum-dot (QD) nanoprobes to visualize the aggregation. The results showed that AEFs shortened and promoted mSAA aggregation. In addition, mouse and cat AEFs showed higher mSAA aggregation-promoting activity than the camel, cattle, and goat AEFs. Interestingly, homology analysis of SAA in these five animal species revealed a more similar amino acid sequence homology between mouse and cat than between other animal species. Furthermore, a detailed comparison of amino acid sequences suggested that it was important to mSAA aggregation-promoting activity that the 48th amino acid was a basic residue (Lys) and the 125th amino acid was an acidic residue (Asp or Glu). These data imply that AA amyloidosis exhibits higher transmission activity among animals carrying genetically homologous SAA gene, and may provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis of amyloidosis.

scholarly journals On the robustness of inference of association with the gut microbiota in stool, rectal swab and mucosal tissue samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Sun ◽  
Xiangzhu Zhu ◽  
Xiang Huang ◽  
Harvey J. Murff ◽  
Reid M. Ness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Mucosal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
Functional Profiles

AbstractThe gut microbiota plays an important role in human health and disease. Stool, rectal swab and rectal mucosal tissue samples have been used in individual studies to survey the microbial community but the consequences of using these different sample types are not completely understood. In this study, we report differences in stool, rectal swab and rectal mucosal tissue microbial communities with shotgun metagenome sequencing of 1397 stool, swab and mucosal tissue samples from 240 participants. The taxonomic composition of stool and swab samples was distinct, but less different to each other than mucosal tissue samples. Functional profile differences between stool and swab samples are smaller, but mucosal tissue samples remained distinct from the other two types. When the taxonomic and functional profiles were used for inference in association with host phenotypes of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), antibiotics or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, hypothesis testing using either stool or rectal swab gave broadly significantly correlated results, but inference performed on mucosal tissue samples gave results that were generally less consistent with either stool or swab. Our study represents an important resource for determination of how inference can change for taxa and pathways depending on the choice of where to sample within the human gut.

Molecular determination of the origin of acephalic cysticercus

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-Y. CHUNG ◽  
W.-G. KHO ◽  
S.-Y. HWANG ◽  
E.-Y. JE ◽  
Y.-T. CHUNG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit ◽  
Subarachnoidal Space ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Molecular Determination

Acephalic cysticercus (Ac), a rarely developed multilobulated and nonencysted form of larval Taenia, causes hydrocephalus or adhesive arachnoiditis in the ventricles and subarachnoidal space that often lead to fatal outcome in affected patients. Ac has been proposed to originate from T. solium on the basis of morphological features, while no molecular data supporting the presumption have been available. In the present study, we investigated the immunological properties as well as molecular characteristics of Ac that was obtained surgically from 6 patients. Immunoblotting of the cyst fluid from Ac samples demonstrated the constitutive expression of a T. solium metacestode (TsM) 10 kDa protein. Specific antibodies against the truncated 10 kDa protein, which appears to be species specific for TsM cysticercosis, were detected in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples of Ac patients. Nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) genes of Ac were almost identical to those of T. solium but differed substantially from those of the other Taenia species. In phylogenetic analysis, Ac clustered with T. solium in a well-supported clade. Our results strongly suggest that Ac may have originated from T. solium.

Listeria monocytogenes strains encoding premature stop codons in inlA invade mice and guinea pig fetuses in orally dosed dams

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1799-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Holch ◽  
Hanne Ingmer ◽  
Tine Rask Licht ◽  
Lone Gram
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pregnant Mice

Listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne bacterial pathogen and listeriosis can result in abortions in pregnant women. The bacterium can colonize food-processing environments, where specific molecular subtypes can persist for years. The purpose of this study was to determine the virulence potential of a group of food-processing persistent L. monocytogenes strains encoding a premature stop codon in inlA (encoding internalin A) by using two orally dosed models, pregnant mice and pregnant guinea pigs. A food-processing persistent strain of L. monocytogenes invaded placentas (n = 58; 10 % positive) and fetuses (3 % positive) of pregnant mice (n = 9 animals per strain), similar to a genetically manipulated murinized strain, EGD-e InlA m* (n = 61; 3 and 2 %, respectively). In pregnant guinea pigs (n = 9 animals per bacterial strain), a maternofetal strain (from a human fetal clinical fatal case) was isolated from 34 % of placenta samples (n = 50), whereas both food-processing persistent strains were found in 5 % of placenta samples (n = 36 or 37). One of the food-processing persistent strains, N53-1, was found in up to 8 % of guinea pig fetal liver and brain samples, whereas the maternofetal control was found in 6 % of fetal tissue samples. As the food-processing persistent strains carry a premature stop codon in inlA but are invasive in orally dosed pregnant mice and guinea pigs, we hypothesize that listerial crossing of the placental barrier can occur by a mechanism that is independent of an interaction between E-cadherin and InlA.

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