Risk-Taking Behaviour and Criminal Offending: An Investigation of Sensation Seeking and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

The present study investigated the relationship between antisocial behavior and personality in 30 American juvenile males convicted of offenses including assault or confrontations with a victim, and 30 juvenile males convicted of offenses involving property without confrontation with a victim. Subjects, who were aged 14 to 17 yr. (mean 15 yr., 8 mo.) and held in detention pending sentencing, were administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale. Juveniles convicted of assaultive offenses exhibited significantly higher psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism scores, and lower lie scores than those convicted of property offenses. Sensation-seeking scores were significantly lower for the non-assaultive group. Results support Eysenck's description of dimensions of offenders' behavior.

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General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ): Only one Factor to Understand Personality?

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/s1138741600003644 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 5-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Salvador Amigó ◽

Antonio Caselles ◽

Joan C. Micó

Keyword(s):

Emotional Disorders ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Personality Factors ◽

General Factor ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Personality Questionnaire ◽

Approach And Avoidance ◽

Sensitivity To Reward ◽

General Factor Of Personality ◽

Sensitivity To Punishment

This study proposes a psychometric approach to assess the General Factor of Personality (GFP) to explain the whole personality. This approach defends the existence of one basic factor that represents the overall personality. The General Factor of Personality Questionnaire (GFPQ) is presented to measure the basic, combined trait of the complete personality. The questionnaire includes 20 items and is constituted by two scales with 10 items each one: the Extraversion Scale (ES) and the Introversion Scale (IS). The GFPQ shows adequate internal consistency and construct validity, while the relationships with the personality factors of other models and with psychopathology are as expected. It correlates positively and significantly with Extraversion (E) and Psychoticism (P), and negatively with Neuroticism (N) of Eysenck's EPQ (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire); it correlates positively and significantly with the Sensation Seeking Scaled (SSS) of Zuckerman, and is inside the expected direction with Sensitivity to Reward (SR) and Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), which represent the approach and avoidance trends of behavior, respectively. It not only relates negatively with the personality disorders of the anxiety spectrum, but also with the emotional disorders in relation to anxiety and depression, and it relates positively with the antisocial personality disorder.

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The Underlying Traits of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027//1015-5759.18.2.139 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 139-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Generós Ortet ◽

Manuel Ignacio Ibáñez ◽

Adrián Llerena ◽

Rafael Torrubia

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Social Withdrawal ◽

Structural Equations ◽

Negative Emotionality ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Personality Questionnaire ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Sensitivity To Punishment

Summary: This research studies the factor structure of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and its location within Eysenck's three broad dimensions of personality: psychoticism, extraversion, and neuroticism. A series of factor analyses and structural equations with the KSP and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) scales were carried out. The relationships between KSP and other biologically rooted personality traits (Zuckerman's sensation seeking and Gray's sensitivity to punishment) were also investigated. The results showed four underlying traits of the KSP: negative emotionality, aggressive nonconformity, impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking, and social withdrawal. Negative emotionality was mainly related to neuroticism; aggressive nonconformity was associated with psychoticism and, to a lesser degree, with neuroticism; impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking was correlated with both psychoticism and extraversion; and social withdrawal was principally related to low extraversion.

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The Eysenck personality questionnaire and Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale (form v) in Finland: Age differences

Personality and Individual Differences ◽

10.1016/0191-8869(90)90063-w ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 503-508 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jaana Haapasalo

Keyword(s):

Age Differences ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Personality Questionnaire ◽

Sensation Seeking Scale

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Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurements ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-792-8.ch052 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 360-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. Weaver ◽

C. Kiewitz

Keyword(s):

Hierarchical Model ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Short Form ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Personality Questionnaire ◽

The Third ◽

Four Levels

We describe a newly developed 12-item short form version of the self-report Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) originally developed by Eysenck and Eysenck (1977) and most recently revised by Eysenck, Eysenck, and Barrett (EPQ-R; 1985). The original EPQ consists of 90 items while the EPQ-R involves 36 items. Both instruments were designed to assess three dimensions of personality – extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism. An understanding of the hierarchical model for personality envisaged by Eysenck (1947) facilitates our explication of these personality dimensions. Eysenck’s system involved four levels. At the lowest level of this system are singly occurring acts or cognitions. Habitual acts or cognitions are at the second level. The third level is composed of traits, defined in terms of significant intercorrelations between different habitual behaviors. The final level is that of personality types or dimensions defined in terms of substantial intercorrelations between traits. Against this backdrop, Eysenck (see Eysenck,1990; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1985) defined extraversion by the observed correlations between the traits sociable, lively, active, assertive, sensation-seeking, carefree, dominant, and venturesome. Neuroticism was defined by the traits anxious, depressed, guilt feelings, low self-esteem, tense, irrational, shy, moody, and emotional. Finally, psychoticism was defined by the traits aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsive, antisocial, unempathic, and tough-minded.

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Ansiedade, Traços de Personalidade e Carga Interna Objetiva em praticantes de paraquedismo: Revisão Sistemática

Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte ◽

10.6018/cpd.422471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 60-85

Author(s):

Tiago Machado ◽

João Serrano ◽

H. Mesquita ◽

Sérgio J. Ibañez

Keyword(s):

Trait Anxiety ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Personality Questionnaire ◽

State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽

Revisión Sistemática ◽

Sensation Seeking Scale ◽

Tas 20

Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo resumir la literatura publicada anteriormente sobre la modalidad de paracaidismo, centrada en las áreas de psicología, fisiología y psicofisiología. Las plataformas y bases de datos electrónicas utilizadas para la investigación bibliográfica fueron: Web of Science, MEDline y Scopus. Se seleccionaron 21 artículos después de pasar por los criterios de selección. Teniendo en cuenta el área de estudio, encontramos tres artículos en el campo de la fisiología, ocho artículos en el campo de la psicología y 10 artículos en el campo de la psicofisiología. Los instrumentos utilizados para recopilar datos relacionados con la medición de la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) fueron principalmente los monitores Polar HR y ECG Holter. En los estudios de ansiedad, el instrumento más utilizado fue STAI - State Trait- Anxiety Inventory, complementado con la recolección de muestras salivales a través de la prueba de cortisol. Para estudiar los rasgos de personalidad se utilizaron: SSS- Sensation Seeking Scale - V, NEO PI-R, EPQ-R - Cuestionario de personalidad revisado de Eysenck y TAS 20 - Toronto Alexitimia Scale. En general, predominaban las muestras de hasta 25 sujetos con experiencia en la modalidad y hombres. A pesar del uso predominante de algunos instrumentos, los procedimientos utilizados fueron bastante diversificados y no hubo una metodología unánime y consensuada. This systematic review aimed to summarize the previously published literature on the modality of parachuting, centered on the areas of Psychology, Physiology and Psychophysiology. The platforms and electronic databases used for bibliographic research were: Web of Science, MEDline and Scopus. 21 articles were selected after going through the selection criteria. Taking into account the study area, we found three articles in the field of Physiology, eight articles in the field of Psychology and 10 articles in the field of Psychophysiology. The instruments used to collect data related to the measurement of heart rate (HR) were mainly the Polar HR and ECG Holter monitors. In anxiety studies, the most used instrument was STAI - State Trait- Anxiety Inventory, complemented with the collection of salivary samples through the cortisol test. To study the personality traits were used: SSS- Sensation Seeking Scale - V, NEO PI-R, EPQ-R - Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and TAS 20 - Toronto Alexitimia Scale. In general samples up to 25 subjects with experience in the modality and male were predominant. Despite the predominant use of some instruments, the procedures used were quite diversified and there was no unanimous and consensual methodology. Esta revisão sistemática teve o objetivo de sumariar a literatura publicada anteriormente acerca da modalidade de paraquedismo, centrados nas áreas da Psicologia, Fisiologia e Psicofisiologia. As plataformas e bases de dados eletrónicas utilizadas para a pesquisa bibliográfica foram: Web of Science, MEDline e Scopus. Foram selecionados 21 artigos, após passarem pelos critérios de seleção. Tendo em conta a área de estudo, encontramos três artigos no âmbito da Fisiologia, oito artigos no âmbito da Psicologia e 10 artigos no âmbito da Psicofisiologia. Os instrumentos utilizados na recolha de dados relacionados com a medição da frequência cardíaca (FC) foram sobretudo os monitores de FC Polar e ECG Holter. Nos estudos de ansiedade o instrumento mais usado foi STAI - State Trait- Anxiety Inventory, complementado com recolha de amostras salivares através do teste de cortisol. Para estudar os traços de personalidade foram utilizados: SSS- Sensation Seeking Scale – V, NEO PI-R, EPQ-R -Questionário de Personalidade de Eysenck revisto e TAS 20 - Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto. Na generalidade amostras até 25 sujeitos com experiência na modalidade e do sexo masculino foram predominantemente utilizados. Apesar da utilização preponderante de alguns instrumentos, os procedimentos utilizados foram bastante diversificados não existindo uma metodologia unanime e consensual.

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Different personality patterns in non‐socialized (juvenile delinquents) and socialized (air force pilot recruits) sensation seekers

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.407 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 239-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Anna Maria Dåderman ◽

Ann Wirsén Meurling ◽

Jarmila Hallman

Keyword(s):

Air Force ◽

Juvenile Delinquents ◽

Sensation Seeking ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Control Group ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Personality Questionnaire ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Psychological Vulnerability ◽

Personality Patterns

Young delinquents are known to be sensation seekers. Not all sensation seekers become delinquents: many engage in socially accepted activities, such as mountaineering or parachute jumping. The present study compares 47 juvenile delinquents (mean age 17 years) with 18 Swedish air force pilot recruits (mean age 23 years) and 19 conscripts (mean age 18 years) as a control group. Sensation‐seeking behaviour, impulsiveness, and psychiatric/psychological vulnerability were measured by the Zuckerman Sensation‐Seeking Scales (SSS), the Karolinska Scales of Personality, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Two separate multivariate analyses of variance were performed, followed up by stepdown analyses to identify those personality scale scores that contributed uniquely. In order to clarify the relationships, the pooled within‐group correlations among scales were computed. Juvenile delinquents and pilot recruits were both high in sensation seeking, but on different subscales. Delinquents were high in impulsiveness, somatic anxiety, and extraversion–sociability, and low in socialization, suggesting psychiatric/psychological vulnerability. The findings may have implications for the treatment of juvenile delinquents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Testing the Assumption of Uncorrelated Errors for Short Scales by Means of Structural Equation Modeling

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000135 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 201-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

André Beauducel ◽

Anja Leue

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Error Score ◽

Classical Test Theory ◽

Test Theory ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽

Personality Questionnaire ◽

True Score

It is shown that a minimal assumption should be added to the assumptions of Classical Test Theory (CTT) in order to have positive inter-item correlations, which are regarded as a basis for the aggregation of items. Moreover, it is shown that the assumption of zero correlations between the error score estimates is substantially violated in the population of individuals when the number of items is small. Instead, a negative correlation between error score estimates occurs. The reason for the negative correlation is that the error score estimates for different items of a scale are based on insufficient true score estimates when the number of items is small. A test of the assumption of uncorrelated error score estimates by means of structural equation modeling (SEM) is proposed that takes this effect into account. The SEM-based procedure is demonstrated by means of empirical examples based on the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised.

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