scholarly journals Juvenile Psychopathy and Community Treatment Response in Youth Adjudicated for Sexual Offenses

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2199406
Author(s):  
Erika Y. Rojas ◽  
Mark E. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Youth Court ◽  
Juvenile Psychopathy ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Personality Features

The present study examined the association of juvenile psychopathy features and treatment response in a sample of 102 youth, court adjudicated for sexual offenses and followed up more than 11 years in the community. The Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL: YV) was rated from comprehensive archival sources, along with a youth sexual offense risk assessment and treatment planning measure scored pre-and posttreatment. The PCL: YV converged with domains of sexual offense risk and change in conceptually meaningful ways, and significantly predicted nonsexual violent, general violent, and any recidivism; it did not significantly predict sexual recidivism. Higher levels of psychopathy-related personality features were significantly associated with noncompletion of youth sexual offense-specific treatment, while changes in risk were associated with decreased recidivism controlling for PCL: YV score and baseline risk at p < .10. The findings underscore the importance of intervention and support services for youth convicted of sexual offenses as well as the clinical and risk relevance of the juvenile psychopathy construct to decrease violent victimization to others.

scholarly journals Discovering Non-Invasive Biomarkers Predictive of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Response

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-173
Author(s):  
Amir Levine ◽  
Kelly Clemenza ◽  
Shira Weiss ◽  
Adam Bisaga ◽  
Erez Eitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Long Term Treatment

AbstractBackgroundOpioid use disorder (OUD) continues to be the driving force behind drug overdoses in the United States, killing nearly 47,000 people in 2018 alone. The increasing presence of deadlier fentanyl analogues in the heroin drug supply are putting users at a greater risk for overdose than ever before. Admissions to treatment programs for OUD have also nearly doubled since 2006, yet relapse rates remain high. In response to these alarming statistics, developing approaches to reduce overdose deaths has become an area of high priority. As it is not yet known which patients are most likely to benefit from a specific treatment, there is a dire need to utilize new molecular tools to guide precision medicine approaches and improve treatment outcomes. Here we describe a proof-of-concept study evaluating plasma-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) signatures and how they differ in patients who responded to two pharmacologically contrasting treatments for OUD: the μOR agonist methadone, and the μOR antagonist naltrexone.MethodsWe obtained blood samples from patients with OUD who remained abstinent from illicit opioids for at least 3 months during treatment with methadone (n=5) and naltrexone (n=5), as well as matched healthy controls (n=5). EVs were isolated from plasma and histones were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). EVs were then analyzed for lipid and histone post-translational modification (PTM) content using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. EV miRNA cargo was determined by RNA sequencing.ResultsWe found one lipid class and six miRNAs that differed significantly between the naltrexone group and the methadone and control groups. We also found that histone H3acK9acK14 was increasingly acetylated in PMBCs from both the methadone and naltrexone groups compared to controls.DiscussionNaltrexone, which is used in treatment of OUD and other substance use disorders as well as disorders of impulse control, was found to have multiple potential corresponding molecular signatures that can be identified after long-term treatment. It remains to be seen if these markers can also be a good predictor for treatment response. In addition, significant gender differences in EV content are found between men and women with OUD, which supports the importance of examining changes in response to treatment in a gender informed way.

scholarly journals Mania in late life

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Felicity Richards ◽  
Martin Curtice
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Treatment Algorithms ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Old Age Psychiatry ◽  
Older Populations

SummaryMania in late life is a serious disorder that demands specialist assessment and management. However, it is greatly under-researched, with only a paucity of studies specifically analysing older populations. The mainstay of the old age psychiatry workload will inevitably be concerned with assessing and managing dementia and depression, but the steady rise in the aging population with longer survival means that there will be an increase in absolute numbers of older people presenting with mania. There are no specific treatment algorithms available for mania in late life. This article reviews mania and hypomania in late life and concentrates on diagnosis, assessment and treatment, as well as on the management considerations associated with this important age group.

Hospital Versus Home Care for the Acutely Mentally Ill? Preferences of Caregivers Who Have Experienced Both Forms of Service

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Fulford ◽  
John Farhall
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Alternative To Hospitalization

Objective: Demonstration studies of community treatment as an alternative to hospitalization have reported high degrees of satisfaction by family carers. We aimed to determine the extent of carer preference for hospital versus community treatment for acute mental illness in a routine setting where carers had experienced both service types. Method: Patients who had contact with both a hospital inpatient service and a Crisis Assessment and Treatment (CAT) team within the previous 5 years were identified. Seventy-seven family carers of these patients completed a questionnaire which identified their preference for services, and psychological and demographic variables likely to be predictive of their choice. Results: Only half the carers preferred a CAT service to treat their relative in the event of a future relapse. Psychological variables were better predictors of choice than were demographic variables. Conclusions: The proportion of caregivers who prefer community treatment for acute psychosis may be smaller than previously thought. The lower carer satisfaction found here may be associated with the short-term interventions of Victoria's CAT teams, the severity of acute relapses and the duration of the patient's mental health problem.

香港青少年性犯罪者的心理特徵及矫治方法

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
成富 李
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Correctional Treatment ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Classificatory System ◽  
Local Research

性犯罪在香港整体罪案数字中只占一个很小的比率，而有关性犯罪的本地研究也十分稀少。现行的罪案分类方式明显地不能反映性犯罪的普遍性，也不适用于对罪犯的评估及矫治工作。本文从一个犯罪心理学的角度提出一套简便的分类系统，以犯罪者的动机和行为为基础对犯罪者作出评估，提供预后推测，并建议一套以认知行为治疗法为本的矫治程序，认为值得广泛推行。文内并有个案描述，以资佐证。 Sexual offenses make up only a small portion of the total number of offenses in Hong Kong, and local research related to sexual offenses is also scanty. The current offense classification system not only fails to reflect the prevalence of sexual crimes but is also found irrelevant to the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders. This article attempts to propose a concise classificatory system from the perspective of criminological psychology. The offenders' motives and behaviours are used as the bases of assessment and prognosis. A cognitive-behavioural approach to correctional treatment is outlined and advocated. Case materials are provided for illustration.

Pornography Use and Sexual Offending: An Examination of Perceptions of Role and Risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110491
Author(s):  
Karen Holt ◽  
James Kissinger ◽  
Corey Spickler ◽  
Vicki Roush
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
Abstinence Only

Despite no definitive relationship between pornography and sexual offenses, there exists an assumption that use plays a role in the commission of sexual crimes and may increase risk of recidivism. This has led to the development of post-release restrictions on adult media for those convicted of a sexual offense. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 101 incarcerated individuals convicted of a sexual offense to explore the central research questions: (1) What are the common themes among individual’s experiences regarding pornography and how do they construct the role of pornography in their offending? (2) How do they frame pornography use post-release and understand pornography use as related to risk of re-offense? A qualitative analysis revealed common themes regarding how individuals constructed pornography use and notions of risk. Strategic and targeted monitoring and supervision of those who perceive their pornography use as consuming and facilitating may be a more effective practice than abstinence-only blanket restrictions.

scholarly journals Veterans in Prison for Sexual Offenses: Characteristics and Reentry Service Needs

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 560-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea K. Finlay ◽  
Jim McGuire ◽  
Jennifer Bronson ◽  
Shoba Sreenivasan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Incarcerated Men ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
Nationally Representative

Among prison-incarcerated men in the United States, more veterans (35%) have a sexual offense conviction than nonveterans (23%). Limited research has investigated factors explaining the link between military service and sexual offending. Nationally representative data from prison-incarcerated men ( n = 14,080) were used to examine the association between veteran status and sexual offenses, adjusting for demographic, childhood, and clinical characteristics. Veterans had 1.35 higher odds (95% confidence interval = [1.12, 1.62], p < .01) of a sexual offense than nonveterans. Among veterans, those who were homeless or taking mental health medications at arrest had lower odds and veterans with a sexual trauma history had higher odds of a sexual offense compared with other offense types. Offering mental health services in correctional and health care settings to address trauma experiences and providing long-term housing options can help veterans with sexual offenses as they transition from prison to their communities.

scholarly journals Development and Verification of a Digital Twin Patient Model to Predict Specific Treatment Response During the First 24 Hours of Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. e0249
Author(s):  
Amos Lal ◽  
Guangxi Li ◽  
Edin Cubro ◽  
Sarah Chalmers ◽  
Heyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Patient Model

Assessment and Modification of General Criminal Attitudes Among Men Who Have Sexually Offended

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482092584
Author(s):  
Mark E. Olver ◽  
Keira C. Stockdale ◽  
David J. Simourd
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Forensic Assessment ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Sexual Offense ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Violent Recidivism ◽  
Incarcerated Men ◽  
Risk Need Responsivity ◽  
Sexually Offended ◽  
Pretreatment Score

General criminal attitudes have been well established as a dynamic risk factor for the origin, maintenance, and continuation of criminal behavior. Guided by the risk–need–responsivity (RNR) framework, this study examined self-reported change on a measure of general criminal attitudes in a sample of incarcerated men who participated in a sexual offense treatment program. Participants were administered the original version of the Criminal Sentiments Scale (CSS) and other measures at pretreatment and posttreatment and followed up in the community an average 14 years post-release. The results demonstrated that CSS total and subscale scores predicted general and violent recidivism, showed convergence with actuarial measures of criminogenic need, and had clinically meaningful associations with responsivity considerations. Pre–post changes on the CSS were associated with decreased general and violent recidivism controlling for pretreatment score and baseline risk. Implications for forensic assessment and correctional intervention are discussed.

Correlation between white blood cell count and mood-stabilising treatment response in two bipolar disorder trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Ole Köhler-Forsberg ◽  
Louisa G. Sylvia ◽  
Charles L. Bowden ◽  
Joseph R. Calabrese ◽  
Michael E. Thase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Disorder Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Personalised Treatment

AbstractBackground:Immune system markers may predict affective disorder treatment response, but whether an overall immune system marker predicts bipolar disorder treatment effect is unclear.Methods:Bipolar CHOICE (N = 482) and LiTMUS (N = 283) were similar comparative effectiveness trials treating patients with bipolar disorder for 24 weeks with four different treatment arms (standard-dose lithium, quetiapine, moderate-dose lithium plus optimised personalised treatment (OPT) and OPT without lithium). We performed secondary mixed effects linear regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, smoking and body mass index to investigate relationships between pre-treatment white blood cell (WBC) levels and clinical global impression scale (CGI) response.Results:Compared to participants with WBC counts of 4.5–10 × 109/l, participants with WBC &lt; 4.5 or WBC ≥ 10 showed similar improvement within each specific treatment arm and in gender-stratified analyses.Conclusions:An overall immune system marker did not predict differential treatment response to four different treatment approaches for bipolar disorder all lasting 24 weeks.

Multi-analyte liquid biopsies based treatment in advanced refractory cancers.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15623-e15623
Author(s):  
Sewanti Limaye ◽  
Darshana Patil ◽  
Dadasaheb B Akolkar ◽  
Timothy Crook ◽  
Anantbhushan Ranade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Blood Draw

e15623 Background: Tumor tissue profiling following invasive biopsies is presently the standard approach for indication-based therapy management in solid organ cancers. However, challenges in biopsy are traditionally described due to proximity to vital organs, or patients’ co-morbidities or unwillingness for an invasive procedure. Liquid biopsies for evaluation of cancers are also largely restricted to single gene testing for selection of targeted therapy agents. We developed a comprehensive liquid biopsy based multi-analyte (molecular and functional) investigation of the cancer (eLBx: Encyclopedic Liquid Biopsy) for selection and management of individualised treatments in a cohort of advanced refractory cancers. Methods: We obtained 20 mL blood from 65 patients with solid organ cancers where the disease had progressed following failure of at least two lines of systemic therapies and where biopsy to obtain tumor tissue for molecular profiling of tumor was unviable. Cell free tumor DNA (ctDNA) was interrogated for mutations, while exosomal mRNA was profiled for gene expression. Viable circulating tumor associated cells (C-TACs) were tested in vitro for chemoresistance and used to determine expression of cell surface signalling receptors by immunocytochemistry (ICC). The findings were integrated to generate patient-specific treatment regimens. In patients who received treatment, response was determined radiologically. Results: Fifty-one patients received eLBx-guided personalized treatments with combinations of cytotoxic, targeted and endocrine agents. No two patients received the same treatment regimen. Forty-three patients were evaluable for treatment response per protocol among whom Partial Response (PR) was observed in 14 patients yielding an Objective Response Rate (ORR) of 32.6%. Additionally, 23 patients showed Stable Disease thus yielding an overall Disease Control rate of 86.1%. Median Progression Free Survival (PFS) was 108 days. There were no Grade IV therapy related Adverse Events or therapy related deaths. Conclusions: The ability to make informed treatment choices from a convenient blood draw implies a reduced dependence on invasive biopsies for disease management. We demonstrate successful management of advanced refractory solid tumor malignancies using an integrational non-invasive multi-analyte liquid biopsy approach. Clinical trial information: CTRI/2019/02/017548.

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