The Relationship between Engagement in Occupations and Pressure Sore Development in Saudi Men with Paraplegia

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Cutajar ◽  
Anne Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Pressure Sore ◽  
Pressure Sores ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Occupational Activities ◽  
The Individual

Various research studies have explored the factors that predispose people with spinal cord injuries to pressure sore development. Two hundred risk factors have been associated with pressure sore occurrence. One of the variables commonly reported to affect pressure sore occurrence is a decreased level of activity (Vidal and Sarrias 1991, Fuhrer et al 1993). This concurs with the philosophy of occupational therapy that a reduction in activity can generate pathology (Miller et al 1988). This research study investigated whether decreased participation in occupational activities (work, leisure and activities of daily living) was related to pressure sore occurrence in paraplegic men. The sample was selected randomly from the occupational therapy discharge files of a rehabilitation facility in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected by means of a telephone questionnaire from a total of 58 men, over a 3-month period. The study showed that there was a large increase in unemployment in paraplegic men following injury (from 10% to 59%) and, as might be expected, manual workers were more vulnerable than office workers. The study found no significant association between pressure sore occurrence and whether or not the individual was employed. However, it showed a statistically significant association between unemployment and pressure sores severe enough to lead to hospitalisation. The study also found a statistically significant association between individuals' independence in activities of daily living and the number of pressure sores that they had reported in the last 2 years. These findings indicate the potential importance of clients remaining occupationally active for their wellbeing and the significant contribution that occupational therapists can make by enabling rehabilitation of occupational activities.

scholarly journals Desempenho ocupacional de mulheres em situação de rua / Occupacional performance of homeless women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-108
Author(s):  
Thayane de Cácia Brito Prudente ◽  
Rayssa Béder César Paiva ◽  
Daniela Tavares Gontijo
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Homeless Women ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Structured Interviews

Introdução: A população em situação de rua caracteriza-se predominantemente pela falta de moradia regular, condição de pobreza extrema e vínculos rompidos ou fragilizados. No entanto, a vida na rua e o acesso aos serviços socioassistenciais tendem a não se configurar da mesma forma para homens e mulheres. Considerando a perspectiva do desempenho ocupacional, os terapeutas ocupacionais se preocupam com os fatores que influenciam o envolvimento dos sujeitos em ocupações. Objetivo: compreender o desempenho ocupacional de mulheres em situação de rua. Métodos: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, com base na História Oral de Vida. A coleta de dados foi realizada em dois serviços socioassistenciais do Recife que atendem pessoas em situação de rua.  Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados/discussão: Foram entrevistadas 8 mulheres com idades entre 20 a 39 anos. A análise resultou em três categorias temáticas: Desempenho Ocupacional na infância, Ida para rua e Desempenho Ocupacional na rua. As categorias forma dividias em: Atividades de Vida Diária (AVDs), Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVDs), Trabalho, Lazer e Participação Social. Observou-se que as mulheres em situação de rua vivenciam um processo de privação ocupacional pela situação de desfiliação em que vivem, com repercussão negativa na qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Neste estudo pode-se observar a dificuldade das mulheres em realizar todas as ocupações, justificando a intervenção da Terapia Ocupacional para favorecer o empoderamento pessoal, a ressignificação do cotidiano e exercício da cidadania.  AbstractIntroduction: The population in street situation is predominantly characterized by a lack of regular housing, an extreme poverty and  weakened or broken bonds. However, street living and access to social assistance services tend not to be configured in the same way for men and women. Considering the perspective of occupational performance, occupational therapists are concerned with factors that influence the subjects' engagement in occupations. Objective: To understand the occupational performance of women who are homeless. Method: A qualitative study based on the Oral Story of Life. The data collection was performed in two social assistance services in the city of Recife that receive people who live on streets. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and submitted to the Thematic Content Analysis. Results/Discussion: Eight women aged 20 to 39 years were interviewed. The analysis resulted in three thematic categories: Occupational Performance in childhood, Going to the streets and Occupational Performance in the streets. The categories were divided into Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), Work, Leisure and Social Participation. It was observed that homeless women experience a process of occupational deprivation with negative repercussions on the quality of life due to the situation of disaffiliation in which they live. Conclusion: In this study it is possible to observe the women's difficulty to perform all the occupations, justifying the intervention of the Occupational Therapy to favor the personal empowerment, the resignification of the daily life and the exercise of the citizenship.Keywords: Homeless persons, Autobiography, Gender identity, Women, social Vulnerability, Occupational therapy.

scholarly journals The knowledge of the inhabitants of Lesser Poland about the profession of an occupational therapist

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Urszula Ż Żmudzińska ◽  
Aneta Bac
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Occupational Therapist ◽  
Previous Model ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Introduction: A contemporary model of occupational therapy differs from the previous model which was common in Poland in previous years. Therefore, the opinions of the society concerning the profession of an occupational therapist are constantly changing. Material and methods: The research included 244 inhabitants of Lesser Poland aged between 25 and 65 employed in various professions. A questionnaire regarding occupational therapy and the profession and competences of occupational therapists was applied in the study. Results: The presented results show that the job of an occupational therapist is perceived as a needed profession both by individuals who underwent such therapy and those who did not use such services. Responses regarding competences and activities in the profession of an occupational therapist revealed differences in the opinions of the study participants. Conclusions: Taking into account only competences and activities of an occupational therapist, associations of the study participants reflected the knowledge of the model of therapy that existed before and was mainly devoted to occupational therapy workshops. The respondents would trust an occupational therapist both in adapting the house to their needs and in performing exercises connected with activities of daily living.

scholarly journals Perspectivas sobre o uso da análise da atividade na Terapia Ocupacional: um estudo com preceptores / Perspectives on the use of activity analysis in Occupational Therapy: a study with preceptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 933-949
Author(s):  
Jean Felix ◽  
Ana Carollyne Dantas de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Individualize Care ◽  
Practice Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health Field

As atividades, bem como sua análise, são ferramentas importantes para o terapeuta ocupacional. Tomando-as como instrumento, o profissional poderá favorecer ações para a experimentação, ensinar novas maneiras de fazer, estabelecer um elo entre o falar e o fazer, além de auxiliar na significação do que é e foi vivido pelo indivíduo. Objetivo: apresentar a percepção dos terapeutas ocupacionais quanto ao uso da análise da atividade na sua prática e a relação com o local de atuação. Método: Estudo quantitativo exploratório e descritivo, realizado através de questionário em meio eletrônico entre julho e agosto de 2018. Os dados coletados foram analisados através de frequência simples e categorias das falas dos participantes. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 13 preceptores, na maioria mulheres, atuantes no campo da saúde. Todos os participantes relataram utilizar a análise da atividade com ou sem roteiro específico. A maioria utilizou a análise da atividade para planejamento da intervenção e individualização do atendimento. Os participantes também ressaltaram a importância da análise da atividade e sua influência no serviço de atuação. Conclusão: Para os terapeutas ocupacionais avaliados, a análise da atividade tem importância na sua prática profissional e seu uso tem relação ou influência nos serviços que atuam. Não houve uma única maneira de conceber e utilizar a análise da atividade, mas sim diferentes formas de enxergar e de proceder. Ressalta-se que neste estudo todos os participantes atuavam no campo da saúde, desta forma, os dados aqui apresentados podem ser reflexo deste campo de atuação.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional; Atividades; Atividades cotidianas; Preceptoria. ABSTRACT: Activities, as well as their analysis, are important tools for the occupational therapist. Taking them as an instrument, the professional can favor actions for experimentation, teach new ways of doing, establish a link between speaking and doing, in addition to helping in the meaning of what is and was experienced by the individual. Objective: to present the perception of occupational therapists regarding the use of activity analysis in their practice and the relationship with the place of practice. Method: Quantitative exploratory and descriptive study, carried out through a questionnaire in electronic media between July and August 2018. The data collected were analyzed through simple frequency and categories of the participants' statements. Results: The sample consisted of 13 preceptors, mostly women, working in the health field. All participants reported using the activity analysis with or without a specific script. Most used the activity analysis to plan the intervention and individualize care. Participants also stressed the importance of analyzing the activity and its influence on the service. Conclusion: For the occupational therapists evaluated, the analysis of the activity is important in their professional practice and its use has a relationship or influence on the services they work on. There was no single way to conceive and use the analysis of activity, but different ways of seeing and proceeding. It is noteworthy that in this study all participants worked in the field of health, thus, the data presented here may reflect this field of action.Keywords: occupational therapy; activities; activities of daily living; preceptorship. RESUMEN: Las actividades, así como su análisis, son herramientas importantes para el terapeuta ocupacional. Tomándolos como instrumento, el profesional puede favorecer acciones de experimentación, enseñar nuevas formas de hacer, establecer un vínculo entre hablar y hacer, además de ayudar en el significado de lo que es y fue experimentado por el individuo. Objetivo: presentar la percepción de los terapeutas ocupacionales sobre el uso del análisis de actividad en su práctica y la relación con el lugar de práctica. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, realizado a través de un cuestionario electrónico entre julio y agosto de 2018. Los datos recolectados fueron analizados mediante frecuencia simple y categorías de declaraciones de los participantes. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 13 preceptoras, en su mayoría mujeres, que trabajan en el campo de la salud. Todos los participantes informaron haber utilizado el análisis de actividad con o sin un guión específico. La mayoría utilizó el análisis de actividad para planificar la intervención e individualizar la atención. Los participantes también destacaron la importancia de analizar la actividad y su influência en el servicio. Conclusión: Para los terapeutas ocupacionales evaluados, el análisis de la actividad es importante en su práctica profesional y su uso tiene relación o influencia en los servicios en los que trabajan. No había una única forma de concebir y utilizar el análisis de la actividad, sino diferentes formas de ver y de proceder. Es de destacar que en este estudio todos los participantes trabajaron en el campo de la salud, por lo que los datos aquí presentados pueden reflejar este campo de acción.Palabrasclave: terapia ocupacional; actividades; actividades diarias; preceptoría.

scholarly journals Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy in Acute Neurology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. E108-E117
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Seitz ◽  
Aschwin Kolman ◽  
Birgit Kraft-Kornwinkel ◽  
Sabine Robbers
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Joint Contractures ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Related Development ◽  
Neurological Patients

AbstractTherapy of neurological patients comprises, beyond medical treatment, the treatment of functional deficits which result from a neurological disease such as stroke. Physiotherapy aims at enabling bedridden neurological patients to become mobile again using training of movement and coordination. In cooperation with occupational therapists, patients are trained to become able to perform activities of daily living again. In addition, multimodal activating/assisting exercises are mandatory to counteract the deficit-related development of joint contractures. The rationale for these exercises are neurophysiological findings about postlesional cerebral plasticity. Moreover, parametric scales have been developed to assess neurological disturbances and to monitor their resolution in an observer-independent fashion. This allows communication across institutions and to assess the efficacy of physiotherapy and occupational therapy.

scholarly journals Impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on activities of daily living in the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Hsia Lee ◽  
Ting-Ting Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Yen Yen ◽  
Wan-Ling Hsu ◽  
Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractStroke and cognitive impairment are common in older population. They often occur together and their combined effects significantly increase disability in both basic (BADLs) and instrumental (IADLs) activities of daily living. We investigated the individual and combined impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on BADLs and IADLs. A total of 3331 community-dwelling older adults were enrolled from the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging in 2011. Both BADLs and IADLs were analyzed. Combination of stroke and cognitive impairment increased severity of ADL disabilities, but similar prevalence, similar numbers of summed BADL and IADL tasks with disability, and similar levels of difficulty for each BADL and IADL task were found between the stroke group and cognitive impairment group. The former had more difficult in dressing while the latter had more difficult in using the telephone, transport, and managing finances. A hierarchy of ADLs was also observed in all groups. ADL skill training supplemented with cognitive and physical interventions should focus on secondary prevention of dementia and improve motor functional capacity to reduce loss of ADLs.

Compliance with Prescribed Adaptive Equipment: A Literature Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Wielandt ◽  
Jenny Strong
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
And Training

This article describes a literature review that examined the topic of the postdischarge compliance of individuals with prescribed adaptive equipment. Assisting individuals to accomplish tasks relevant to their activities of daily living and thereby achieve functional independence is central to the role of occupational therapy. The prescription of adaptive equipment is a frequently used intervention. The rationale for prescribing adaptive equipment is that it maximises a client's functional potential, allows for independence in activities of daily living and fosters confidence as a result of being able to accomplish such tasks. All studies that surveyed compliance with prescribed adaptive equipment between 1963 and 1996 were reviewed. The factors that reportedly affect compliance by individuals can be considered under five discrete categories: medical-related, client-related, equipment-related, assessment-related and training-related. On the basis of the findings of this literature review, recommendations are made for further research, specifically investigating methods that therapists could incorporate into current practice to address the problem of non-compliance with prescribed adaptive equipment.

scholarly journals A Modular Mobile Robotic Platform to Assist People with Different Degrees of Disability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7130
Author(s):  
Jose M. Catalan ◽  
Andrea Blanco ◽  
Arturo Bertomeu-Motos ◽  
Jose V. Garcia-Perez ◽  
Miguel Almonacid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Robotic Exoskeleton ◽  
Simulated Home Environment ◽  
Wheel Chair ◽  
The Subject

Robotics to support elderly people in living independently and to assist disabled people in carrying out the activities of daily living independently have demonstrated good results. Basically, there are two approaches: one of them is based on mobile robot assistants, such as Care-O-bot, PR2, and Tiago, among others; the other one is the use of an external robotic arm or a robotic exoskeleton fixed or mounted on a wheelchair. In this paper, a modular mobile robotic platform to assist moderately and severely impaired people based on an upper limb robotic exoskeleton mounted on a robotized wheel chair is presented. This mobile robotic platform can be customized for each user’s needs by exploiting its modularity. Finally, experimental results in a simulated home environment with a living room and a kitchen area, in order to simulate the interaction of the user with different elements of a home, are presented. In this experiment, a subject suffering from multiple sclerosis performed different activities of daily living (ADLs) using the platform in front of a group of clinicians composed of nurses, doctors, and occupational therapists. After that, the subject and the clinicians replied to a usability questionnaire. The results were quite good, but two key factors arose that need to be improved: the complexity and the cumbersome aspect of the platform.

Activities of Daily Living Performance and Acute Care Occupational Therapy Utilization: Moderating Factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam R. Kinney ◽  
James E. Graham ◽  
Rayyan Bukhari ◽  
Amanda Hoffman ◽  
Matt P. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Insurance Type ◽  
Therapy Services ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Adl Performance ◽  
Therapy Treatment

Importance: Hospitalized patients who have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) benefit from occupational therapy services; however, disparities in access to such services are understudied. Objective: To investigate whether need (i.e., limited ADL performance) predicts acute care occupational therapy utilization and whether this relationship differs across sociodemographic factors and insurance type. Design: A secondary analysis of electronic health records data. Logistic regression models were specified to determine whether ADL performance predicted use of occupational therapy treatment. Interactions were included to investigate whether the relationship between ADL performance and occupational therapy utilization varied across sociodemographic factors (e.g., age) and insurance type. Participants: A total of 56,022 adults admitted to five regional hospitals between 2014 and 2018 who received an occupational therapy evaluation. Intervention: None. Outcomes and Measures: Occupational therapy service utilization, Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care “6-Clicks” measure of daily activity. Results: Forty-four percent of the patients evaluated for occupational therapy received treatment. Patients with lower ADL performance were more likely to receive occupational therapy treatment; however, interaction terms indicated that, among patients with low ADL performance, those who were younger, were White and non-Hispanic, had significant others, and had private insurance (vs. public) were more likely to receive treatment. These differences were smaller among patients with greater ADL performance. Conclusions and Relevance: Greater need was positively associated with receiving occupational therapy services, but this relationship was moderated by age, minoritized status, significant other status, and insurance type. The findings provide direction for exploring determinants of disparities in occupational therapy utilization. What This Article Adds: Acute care occupational therapy utilization is driven partly by patient need, but potential disparities in access to beneficial services may exist across sociodemographic characteristics and insurance type. Identifying potential determinants of disparities in acute care occupational therapy utilization is the first step in developing strategies to reduce barriers for those in need.

scholarly journals Providing Verbal Assistance When Assessing Individuals Living with a Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 000841742110342
Author(s):  
Mireille Gagnon-Roy ◽  
Nathalie Bier ◽  
Stéphanie Boulé-Riley ◽  
Heidi Keurentjes ◽  
Priscilla Lam Wai Shun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Background. Occupational therapists play a major role in identifying the assistance needs of individuals living with a traumatic brain injury. However, to obtain an accurate assessment, verbal assistance should be provided only when necessary, according to the person's needs. Purpose. This study aimed to understand (1) how verbal assistance is provided during an evaluation of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and (2) why it is provided in this manner. Method. Interviews were conducted with three expert occupational therapists using their own videotaped evaluation and a “think-aloud” method to explore their clinical reasoning when providing verbal assistance. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings. The process of providing verbal assistance was recognized as flexible and nonlinear, and influenced by various factors including the participants’ level of understanding of the client's abilities. Implications. This information will help therapists better understand how and when to provide verbal assistance when assessing their clients.

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