scholarly journals Sustaining Economic Geography? Business and Management Schools and the UK’s Great Economic Geography Diaspora

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al James ◽  
Michael Bradshaw ◽  
Neil M Coe ◽  
James Faulconbridge
Keyword(s):  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Geography Teaching ◽  
Prior Achievement ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Business And Management

This Exchanges commentary is concerned with the health of Economic Geography as a sub-discipline, and economic geography (as a wider community of practice) in one of its historical heartlands, the UK. Against a backdrop of prior achievement, recent years have witnessed a noticeable migration of economic geographers in the UK from Departments of Geography to academic positions in Business and Management Schools and related research centres. For the first time, a new (2018) research report by the Economic Geography Research Group of the RGS-IBG – We’re In Business! Sustaining Economic Geography? – has empirically evidenced this trend since 2000 (see supplementary material). In this parallel commentary, we summarise the major findings of that project in order to identify: the scale of this cross-disciplinary labour mobility; its operation at different levels of the academic career hierarchy; and the underlying motivations and variegated outcomes experienced by those making the transition. We then move to consider the wider implications of this ‘Economic Geography Diaspora’ for sustaining Economic Geography teaching, research and knowledge production. While economic geography clearly has a healthy appeal to Business and Management as an interdisciplinary community of practice, we raise multiple concerns around the largely uni-directional nature of this ‘movers’ phenomenon in UK universities. We make a number of suggestions for possible interventions to effect positive change and to prompt a larger conversation that benchmarks this UK experience against other national contexts.

scholarly journals Duncan Dowson’s impact on industrial tribology

2021 ◽  
pp. 135065012110270
Author(s):  
Robert I. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Piston Ring ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Pressure Coefficient ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

Professor Duncan Dowson had close connections with industry throughout his academic career, and viewed industrial tribological challenges as problems to be solved and as a source of new ideas. Professor Dowson’s famous work on a numerical solution for the lubrication of an elastohydrodynamic line contact, with professor Higginson, was motivated by the need to better understand gear lubrication. These first calculations took 18 months to complete(!), and simpler correlation functions fitted to numerical simulations were developed to enable tribologists in academia and industry to apply elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory without the need for full scale models. Industrial partners such as Shell supplied high-pressure fluid properties required for the elastohydrodynamic calculations (such as the pressure coefficient of viscosity and the way in which lubricant density varies with pressure). Professor Dowson also famously served on the Jost Committee, which quantified, for the first time, the financial impact of tribology, and highlighted that investments in good tribological practices would pay for themselves many times over. It should be remembered that in setting up the Jost Committee, the UK Government specifically asked the committee ‘ to investigate the state of lubrication education and research and to establish the requirements of industry in this regard’. Personal memories of the significant collaborations that I was involved with, as an industrial research scientist, with Leeds University from the mid-1990s to around 2013, which predominantly focused on piston ring tribology are also included as is a brief discussion of the Leeds-Lyon Symposia on Tribology.

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND USE OF ENZYME CASHEM GUM NANOPARTICLES FOR BIOSENSING APPLICATIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIANY AMORIM ◽  
Marta Sánchez-Paniagua ◽  
Taiane Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Mafud ◽  
Durcilene Alves da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Report ◽  
Cashew Gum ◽  
First Time

This research report, for the first time, the immobilization of an enzyme, Rhus vernificera laccase on cashew gum (CG) nanoparticles (NPs) and its application as a biological layer in the...

Academic engagement with small business and entrepreneurship: Towards a landscape of practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222110344
Author(s):  
Oswald Jones
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Business Research ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Eu Structural Funds ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

Academic engagement with small business and entrepreneurship was facilitated by the availability of European Union (EU) funding, which also stimulated the emergence of a small business and entrepreneurship (SBE) ‘community of practice’. Gradually, the SBE community developed into a ‘landscape of practice’ as small business research moved towards maturity. Furthermore, the SBE landscape of practice has coalesced around three core concepts: entrepreneurial learning, social networks and social capital. EU funding was the catalyst for many SBE academics in the UK to engage with practitioners involved with starting and managing their own businesses. The UK’s exit from the EU will inevitably mean that universities will no longer have access to EU Structural Funds. This has major implications for the UK SBE community’s engagement with practice as well as for entrepreneurs and business owners who have benefitted from a range of programmes designed to improve the performance of smaller firms.

To bee or not to beet with neonicotinoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Lynda M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

In January 2021 the UK government granted an application for authorisation to use thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid pesticide, to protect commercial sugar beet crops from attack by viruses transmitted by aphids. This was the first time such an authorisation had been granted in the United Kingdom (UK) and there were concerns that it signalled a weakening of environmental standards now that the UK was no longer part of the European Union. In fact, similar authorisations had been granted by several European Member States in the last 2 years, despite the ban on the use of neonicotinoids introduced in 2018. Nevertheless, the reasons for granting the authorisation do suggest that the balance between adopting a precautionary approach to environmental protection and taking emergency action to protect economic interests may have shifted. It was acknowledged that the proposed mitigation to safeguard bees and other wildlife was not entirely satisfactory. In the end, due to unforeseen weather conditions it meant that the pesticide is not necessary, which in itself demonstrates that short-term emergency measures are unsuitable for dealing with the problem. If the sugar beet industry is to continue to prosper in the UK, it will need to be managed in a way that provides resistance to virus infection without the use of controversial chemicals.

The duties of impartiality, disclosure, and confidentiality: lessons from a London-seated arbitration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Yee Ching Leung ◽  
Alex Chun Hei Chan
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

Abstract Halliburton Company v Chubb Bermuda Insurance Ltd (formerly known as Ace Bermuda Insurance Ltd [2020] UKSC 48 is an important case not only to the UK but also to the international arbitration community for several reasons: first, it examines indispensable duties in international arbitration and for the first time recognises and explicates upon the duty of disclosure at the highest court of the United Kingdom; secondly, it addresses and clarifies key concepts in international arbitration; thirdly, it confirms the objective nature of the test of justifiable doubts which has wider implications for other arbitral forums; fourthly, it illustrates how the duties of impartiality, disclosure, and confidentiality interact with and affect each other and how the key concepts should be applied to this interaction; and finally, it lays down useful guidance for arbitrators. For these reasons, this case deserves close and careful examination. This article aims to explain the significance of the aforesaid and suggests that, in addition to what has been addressed, further judicial explanations are warranted in what other aspects.

Defence Medical Services’ REBOA training course

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2021-001926
Author(s):  
Max E R Marsden ◽  
C Park ◽  
J Barratt ◽  
N Tai ◽  
P Rees
Keyword(s):  
Training Programme ◽  
Balloon Occlusion ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Skill Retention ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Haemorrhage Control ◽  
Surgical Teams ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) enables temporary haemorrhage control and physiological stabilisation. This article describes the bespoke Defence Medical Services (DMS) training package for effectively using REBOA. The article covers how the course was designed, how the key learning objectives are taught, participant feedback and the authors’ perceptions of future training challenges and opportunities. Since the inaugural training course in April 2019, the authors have delivered six courses, training over 100 clinicians. For the first time in the UK DMS, we designed and delivered a robust specialist endovascular training programme, with demonstrable, significant increases in confidence and competence. As a result of this course, the first DMS REBOA-equipped forward surgical teams deployed in June 2019. Looking to the future, there is a requirement to develop an assessment of skill retention and the potential need for revalidation.

Do we need medical leadership or medical engagement?

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Spurgeon ◽  
Paul Long ◽  
John Clark ◽  
Frank Daly
Keyword(s):  
Care Quality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Care Quality Commission ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Medical Leadership ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
A Current

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address issues of medical leadership within health systems and to clarify the associated conceptual issues, for example, leadership versus management and medical versus clinical leadership. However, its principle contribution is to raise the issue of the purpose or outcome of medical leadership, and, in this respect, it argues that it is to promote medical engagement. Design/methodology/approach – The approach is to provide evidence, both from the literature and empirically, to suggest that enhanced medical engagement leads to improved organisational performance and, in doing so, to review the associated concepts. Findings – Building on current evidence from the UK and Australia, the authors strengthen previous findings that effective medical leadership underpins the effective organisational performance. Research limitations/implications – There is a current imbalance between the size of the databases on medical engagement between the UK (very large) and Australia (small but developing). Practical implications – The authors aim to equip medical leaders with the appropriate skill set to promote and enhance greater medical engagement. The focus of leaders in organisations should be in creating a culture that fosters and supports medical engagement. Social implications – This paper provides empowerment of medical professionals to have greater influence in the running of the organisation in which they deliver care. Originality/value – The paper contains, for the first time, linked performance data from the Care Quality Commission in the UK and from Australia with the new set of medical engagement findings.

scholarly journals Quantifying the prevalence of assortative mating in a human population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Maintenance Of Sex ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time, empirical evidence allowed to construct the frequency distribution of a genetic relatedness index between the parents of about half a million individuals living in the UK. The results suggest that over 30% of the population is the product of parents mating assortatively. The rest is probably the offspring of parents matching the genetic composition of their partners randomly. High degrees of genetic relatedness between parents, i.e. extreme inbreeding, was rare. This result shows that assortative mating is likely to be highly prevalent in human populations. Thus, assuming only random mating among humans, as widely done in ecology and population genetic studies, is not an appropriate approximation to reality. The existence of assortative mating has to be accounted for. The results suggest the conclusion that both, assortative and random mating, are evolutionary stable strategies. This improved insight allows to better understand complex evolutionary phenomena, such as the emergence and maintenance of sex, the speed of adaptation, runaway adaptation, maintenance of cooperation, and many others in human and animal populations.

scholarly journals Treatment of first-time traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation: the UK TASH-D cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (18) ◽  
pp. 1-104
Author(s):  
Jonathan L Rees ◽  
Anjali Shah ◽  
Katherine Edwards ◽  
Maria T Sanchez-Santos ◽  
Danielle E Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Shoulder Dislocation ◽  
Recurrent Dislocation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation ◽  
Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Residual Confounding ◽  
Age And Sex

Background Shoulder dislocations are the most common joint dislocations seen in emergency departments. Most traumatic cases are anterior and cause recurrent dislocations. Management options include surgical and conservative treatments. There is a lack of evidence about which method is most effective after the first traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation (TASD). Objectives To produce UK age- and sex-specific incidence rates for TASD. To assess whether or not surgery within 6 months of a first-time TASD decreases re-dislocation rates compared with no surgery. To identify clinical predictors of recurrent dislocation. Design A population-based cohort study of first-time TASD patients in the UK. An initial validation study and subsequent propensity-score-matched analysis to compare re-dislocation rates between surgery and no surgery after a first-time TASD. Prediction modelling was used to identify potential predictors of recurrent dislocation. Setting UK primary and secondary care data. Participants Patients with a first-time TASD between 1997 and 2015. Interventions Stabilisation surgery within 6 months of a first-time TASD (compared with no surgery). Stabilisation surgery within 12 months of a first-time TASD was also carried out as a sensitivity analysis. Main outcome measure Re-dislocation rate up to 2 years after the first TASD. Methods Eligible patients were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) (1997–2015). Accuracy of shoulder dislocation coding was internally validated using the CPRD General Practitioner questionnaire service. UK age- and sex-specific incidence rates for TASD were externally validated against rates from the USA and Canada. A propensity-score-matched analysis using linked CPRD and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data compared re-dislocation rates for patients aged 16–35 years, comparing surgery with no surgery. Multivariable Cox regression models for predicting re-dislocation were developed for the surgical and non-surgical cohorts. Results Shoulder dislocation was coded correctly for 89% of cases in the CPRD [95% confidence interval (CI) 83% to 95%], with a ‘primary’ dislocation confirmed for 76% of cases (95% CI 67% to 85%). Far fewer patients than expected received stabilisation surgery within 6 months of a first TASD, leading to an underpowered study. Around 20% of re-dislocation rates were observed for both surgical and non-surgical patients. The sensitivity analysis at 12 months also showed little difference in re-dislocation rates. Missing data on risk factors limited the value of the prediction modelling; however, younger age, epilepsy and sex (male) were identified as statistically significant predictors of re-dislocation. Limitations Far fewer than the expected number of patients had surgery after a first-time TASD, resulting in an underpowered study. This and residual confounding from missing risk factors mean that it is not possible to draw valid conclusions. Conclusions This study provides, for the first time, UK data on the age- and sex-specific incidence rates for TASD. Most TASD occurs in men, but an unexpected increased incidence was observed in women aged > 50 years. Surgery after a first-time TASD is uncommon in the NHS. Re-dislocation rates for patients receiving surgery after their first TASD are higher than previously expected; however, important residual confounding risk factors were not recorded in NHS primary and secondary care databases, thus preventing useful recommendations. Future work The high incidence of TASD justifies investigation into preventative measures for young men participating in contact sports, as well as investigating the risk factors in women aged > 50 years. A randomised controlled trial would account for key confounders missing from CPRD and HES data. A national TASD registry would allow for a more relevant data capture for this patient group. Study registration Independent Scientific Advisory Committee (ISAC) for the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (ISAC protocol 15_0260). Funding The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

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