scholarly journals Decentralisation and European identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassilis Tselios ◽  
John Tomaney
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
European Identity ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Eu

The European Commission aims to understand the extent of which European citizens feel that they belong to the EU, assume their European identity and think of themselves not only as national citizens but also as citizens of Europe. Using data from the European Commission’s Eurobarometer Surveys to proxy European identity and multinomial logistic regressions, this paper examines whether the transfer of resources to subnational tiers of government (i.e. fiscal decentralisation) and/or the transfer of powers to subnational tiers of government (i.e. political decentralisation) influence a European sense of belonging in comparison with national belonging. The results show that fiscal decentralisation is a powerful promoter of European identity, while there is no strong evidence that political decentralisation has reinforced it. Moreover, men, middle-aged people, highly educated people, single and people who are very satisfied with their life feel more European than others.

scholarly journals Identifying socio-demographic risk factors for suicide using data on an individual level

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guus Berkelmans ◽  
Rob van der Mei ◽  
Sandjai Bhulai ◽  
Renske Gilissen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factors For Suicide

Abstract Background Suicide is a complex issue. Due to the relative rarity of the event, studies into risk factors are regularly limited by sample size or biased samples. The aims of the study were to find risk factors for suicide that are robust to intercorrelation, and which were based on a large and unbiased sample. Methods Using a training set of 5854 suicides and 596,416 control cases, we fit a logistic regression model and then evaluate the performance on a test set of 1425 suicides and 594,893 control cases. The data used was micro-data of Statistics Netherlands (CBS) with data on each inhabitant of the Netherlands. Results Taking the effect of possible correlating risk factors into account, those with a higher risk for suicide are men, middle-aged people, people with low income, those living alone, the unemployed, and those with mental or physical health problems. People with a lower risk are the highly educated, those with a non-western immigration background, and those living with a partner. Conclusion We confirmed previously known risk factors such as male gender, middle-age, and low income and found that they are risk factors that are robust to intercorrelation. We found that debt and urbanicity were mostly insignificant and found that the regional differences found in raw frequencies are mostly explained away after correction of correlating risk factors, indicating that these differences were primarily caused due to the differences in the demographic makeup of the regions. We found an AUC of 0.77, which is high for a model predicting suicide death and comparable to the performance of deep learning models but with the benefit of remaining explainable.

scholarly journals Educational Pairings and Fertility Across Europe: How Do the Low-Educated Fare?

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Nitsche ◽  
Anna Matysiak ◽  
Jan Van Bavel ◽  
Daniele Vignoli
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
Resource Pooling ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
The Eu

Recent research suggests that the fertility-education relationship may be mediated by the educational attainment of the partner, especially among the tertiary-educated. However, there are no studies focusing on the couple-education-fertility nexus among couples who achieved only basic educational attainment, even though resource pooling theory predicts differences in family formation by couples’ joint levels of socio-economic resources. We address this research gap and investigate how educational pairings among married and cohabiting partners relate to second and third birth transitions across 22 European countries, using data from the EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) panel and discrete time event history models. Our findings show significantly lower second and third birth transition rates among homogamous low-educated couples compared to heterogamous couples with one low- and one medium or highly-educated partner in the Nordic countries, but not across the rest of Europe. However, couples with one or two low-educated partners have significantly lower second birth rates compared with couples with two highly-educated partners in all European regions.

scholarly journals Symbolic and pragmatic aspects of European identity

Sociologija ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Lengyel ◽  
Borbála Göncz
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Symbolic Identity ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
The Eu

It seems realistic that one of the long-term preconditions of European integration is the strengthening of European identity. Otherwise, it might happen that a growing split occurs between the elites and the population in the question of integration. In the Western European countries the concepts of Europe and the EU frequently coincide, while in the Eastern European countries Europe has primarily cultural-historical connotations and the EU embodies economic development and welfare. In an international comparison, European identity was stronger in the newly joining countries, but in some of them (i.e. in Hungary and Estonia) the national identity was among the strongest as well. The current study is based on a Hungarian representative survey carried out in 2003 - that is before Hungary joined the European Union. We supposed that class positions, the availability of material, cultural and social resources strongly influence European identity. We examined two aspects of identity, a symbolic and a pragmatic one. The symbolic identity was measured by questions addressing national vs. supra- and sub-national belonging, while pragmatic identity was approached by a question addressing the fair redistribution of taxes among the different levels. We could compare these dimensions and investigate the possible reasons for inconsistencies. .

Nationality and Identity Issues-A Danish Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-865
Author(s):  
Eva Ersb⊘ll
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Political Community ◽  
European Convention ◽  
European Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Union Citizenship ◽  
The Eu

According to the European Convention on Nationality (1997), nationality-or the term “citizenship” used as synonymous with nationality-means a legal bond between a person and a state. As such, nationality is linked to nation building. Nationality can also be defined as equal membership in a political community, and as a status to which rights and duties, participatory practices and a sense of national identity are attached. In other words, nationality constitutes an important element of a person's identity.European Union citizenship is linked to nationality in an EU Member State. Union citizenship grants rights to the Member State nationals and may be defined as membership in a larger political community, the EU. Union citizenship is meant to foster a feeling of European identity. The third report of the Commission on Citizenship of the Union described citizenship as “both a source of legitimation of the process of European integration, by reinforcing the participation of citizens, and a fundamental factor in the creation among citizens of a sense of belonging to the European Union and of having a genuine European identity.”

Fighting disinformation. The impact of the Covid-19 on youth trust in European Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Lucia D’Ambrosi ◽  
Isabel Iniesta ◽  
Mariaeugenia Parito ◽  
Ricardo Pérez-Calle
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Communicative Actions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The pandemic crisis and the linked infodemic are extraordinary cases to test the EU capability to manage the disinformation disorder, especially towards young people. This paper aims to analyse the impact of the EU communicative actions regarding disinformation about Covid-19, on trust and sense of belonging in young Italian and Spanish university students. The research presents an exploratory and quantitative study that uses a second-generation multivariate analysis method. The results show that trust can be very well the resource on which EU communicative actions may positively impact. Nevertheless, our study reveals that the EU in-stitutions measures have not increased sense of belonging in EU integration.

Lost in uncertainty: How the Euro crisis affected European identity constructions in national media discourses

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (6-8) ◽  
pp. 602-622
Author(s):  
Dennis Lichtenstein ◽  
Christiane Eilders
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Euro Crisis ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Identity Constructions ◽  
Weekly Newspapers ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Media Discourses ◽  
The Eu

The Euro crisis has revealed severe conflicts between EU member states and challenged a shared European identity. This article investigates how the crisis was reflected in identity constructions in media discourses in EU key countries. European identity construction is conceptualized as framing of the EU in favour or against belonging to the EU and togetherness with other members. Conducting a systematic content analysis of two weekly newspapers and magazines in Germany, France and the UK, we compare identity constructions between 2011 and 2014. Findings show that while support of belonging to the EU is low in general, the countries differ remarkably in terms of their sense of togetherness. This particularly applies to strong or weak political integration, market regulation or market freedom and financial stability or impulses for economic growth. The positions reflect long-term political conflicts between the countries but are also flexible enough to adapt to the particular event context.

The digital divide in individual e-commerce utilization in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhan Zhu ◽  
Juan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
First Order ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Residency Status ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration

Using data from a national survey with 1,288 respondents, this study investigates the socio-demographic determinants of the first-order digital divide (access to the Internet) and the second-order digital divide (e-commerce use) in China. The survey employed spatial probability sampling technology so it would encompass migrants as well as registered residents. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to model the associations between access to the Internet/e-commerce use and demographic characteristics, socio-economic attributes, and migration and residency status. The results demonstrate the significant effects of rural-urban inequality and socio-economic divisions in Internet access. Age, gender, education, and residency were identified as significant predictors for individual e-commerce use. The findings provide helpful information for enterprises wishing to broaden their business horizons. The research can also be used in designing effective policies to reduce China’s digital inequality.

scholarly journals Trade in Conflict Minerals -- Congolese Warlords, MNC’s, and Dodd-Frank 1502

Perceptions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
News Sources ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Face Threats ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Eu

This paper seeks to provide an overview of conflict mineral trade by analyzing it through an economic lens. Using data gathered from news sources, the memo first defines the term “conflict minerals” and identifies that the primary actors involved in the conflict mineral market are rebel militia groups and multinational corporations. The trade is mutually beneficial for these actors as it serves as the primary source of revenue for militia groups and allows multinational corporations to buy minerals at low costs. The memo also highlights the struggles legitimate Congolese miners face, as they face threats from militia groups and low market prices Also identified is Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank act, legislation which forces multinational corporations to list their mineral suppliers, thereby increasing supply chain transparency. While implemented with good intentions, it is extremely unsuccessful in stifling the conflict mineral trade as it lacks substantive regulatory measures. Furthermore, the EU and US plan to implement opposing conflict mineral trade policies — the EU looks to increase supply chain transparency while the US looks to repeal Section 1502 of Dodd Frank (an action which would decrease supply chain transparency). This paper believes that coordinated and homogenous action on the part of both federal governments and IGOs is necessary in order to concretely enforce restrictions on conflict mineral trade.

scholarly journals Seabed litter distribution in the high seas of the Flemish Pass area (NW Atlantic)

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Ana García-Alegre ◽  
Esther Román-Marcote ◽  
Jesús Gago ◽  
Gonzalo González-Nuevo ◽  
Mar Sacau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Bottom Trawl ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Northeastern Flank ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Eu

Seabed litter of the Flemish Pass area (NW Atlantic Ocean) was analysed and described using data from the EU-Spain groundfish survey (2006-2017 period). This study presents baseline information on seabed litter in this area. The Flemish Pass is located in areas beyond national jurisdiction within the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Regulatory Area Division 3L. A total of 1169 valid bottom trawl hauls were analysed (104-1478 m depth). Litter was found in 8.3% of the hauls, with mean densities of 1.4±0.2 items km–2 and 10.6±5.2 kg km–2. An increasing pattern with depth was found, the highest densities of seabed litter being identified in the deepest areas located in the Flemish Pass channel and down the northeastern flank of the Grand Bank. Fishing was found to be the main source of marine litter, and 61.9% of the hauls with litter presence showed litter included in the fisheries-related litter category. Whereas in most cases the litter was composed of small fragments of rope, in other cases it was composed of entire fishing gears such as traps. Plastics, metal and other anthropogenic litter were the next most abundant categories, accounting for 18.6%, 16.5% and 12.4% of the total, respectively.

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