Fighting disinformation. The impact of the Covid-19 on youth trust in European Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Lucia D’Ambrosi ◽  
Isabel Iniesta ◽  
Mariaeugenia Parito ◽  
Ricardo Pérez-Calle
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Communicative Actions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The pandemic crisis and the linked infodemic are extraordinary cases to test the EU capability to manage the disinformation disorder, especially towards young people. This paper aims to analyse the impact of the EU communicative actions regarding disinformation about Covid-19, on trust and sense of belonging in young Italian and Spanish university students. The research presents an exploratory and quantitative study that uses a second-generation multivariate analysis method. The results show that trust can be very well the resource on which EU communicative actions may positively impact. Nevertheless, our study reveals that the EU in-stitutions measures have not increased sense of belonging in EU integration.

scholarly journals The EU Integration Process and its Role in the Albanian Sociopolitical Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Juliana Gjinko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Full Membership ◽  
The Road ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Nearly thirty years after the fall of communism in Albania, European integration has been the main driving force for change and the real catalyst for reform. Today, a vast majority of Albanians continue to be convinced that the only way to develop, modernize and guarantee security is a full integration into the European family. The problem is not simply the duration of such an intermediate phase between obtaining candidate status and a full membership of the European Union. In fact, Albanians themselves are increasingly aware that the road to full membership of the European Union will be long, and that it will require a series of major and profound changes in the country, especially in the areas of the rule of law and functioning of institutions, along with implementing various standards that a society must meet in order to achieve this goal. The aim of this paper is to analyze Albanian use and abuse of the EU integration process in internal political discourse, reforms and transformation. A number of documents, publications and public speeches are examined in order to evaluate the impact of integration in this small, developing, post-communist country.

IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON EMPLOYMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 553 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Władysław Bogdan Sztyber
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
School To Work ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article presents the impact of the level of education on the employment rate of employees in the EU. This relationship is derived, among others from the survey of employment rates of graduates from the last three years aged 20–34 according to the highest education obtained. Another way to study the impact of the level of education on the employment of young people is the employment rate of graduates one year after graduation. The article also notes the impact of the level of education on the transition from school to work. The impact of the level of education on employment is also reflected in the unemployment rate.

Trial Within a Reasonable Time and the Impact of Justice Reform in Albania

ICL Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-230
Author(s):  
Jonad Bara ◽  
Brunilda Bara
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Acquis Communautaire ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

AbstractSince becoming a potential candidate country for the EU accession in 2000 and in particular after being granted candidate status in June 2014, Albania has taken many positive steps to meet the necessary standards for its EU integration, through among other things, strengthening democracy and the rule of law and the harmonization of its national legislation with the acquis communautaire. In 2016, as part of the pre-conditions for the opening of the accession negotiations for the country, the Albanian Parliament passed a major justice reform which brought about many constitutional and legislative changes, as well as changes to the organization and functioning of justice institutions in Albania. A key component of the reform was the transitional re-evaluation of judges and prosecutors (also known as the vetting process). While the reform itself was supported and praised by the EU and international institutions, the vetting process has affected the functioning of the Albanian judiciary at all levels. The paralysis of the justice system due to the low number of judges who successfully passed the vetting process, as well as the resignation of many others, has significantly increased the backlog and the number of pending cases before the courts. Thus, the aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of the justice reform on individual’s right to a fair trial within a reasonable time in Albania and state’s obligations to guarantee this right as provided by the Constitution of Albania and the European Convention on Human Rights.

scholarly journals New Scots? Eastern European young people's feelings of belonging and national identity in Scotland post-Brexit

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-353
Author(s):  
Daniela Sime
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of Brexit on young people aged 12–18 who had moved to Scotland from Central and Eastern Europe. It draws on empirical data collected with over 250 young people who contributed to an online survey and focus groups between 2016–2018, immediately after the Brexit Referendum took place. The paper examines young people's feelings of national identity and how their sense of belonging has been impacted by Brexit. The key findings reveal that factors such as their everyday experiences of racism and xenophobia and perceptions of what other people, often their friends, might think about who gets to belong were identified as significant to the identities young migrants felt able to claim. While many young people expressed a strong sense of belonging in the UK as a whole and over half said they were feeling Scottish, access to a Scottish national identity seems to be restricted and often denied to them. At the same time, many felt able to occupy the national identity of their country of birth or claim hyphenated identities that included Scottishness and a European identity. In the context of Brexit, this poses a challenge for making New Scots feel like they belong in Scotland, as many may now decide to review their plans to remain in Scotland long-term if their rights change.

scholarly journals Explaining Cooperation in the Council of the EU Before and After the Brexit Referendum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Markus Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Major Event ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Member States ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This article focuses on the impact of the UK’s decision to leave the EU on cooperation within the Council of the EU. It does so by studying how cooperation between member states has changed from the period before the Brexit referendum to the period after. In the emerging literature on Brexit, it has been highlighted that member states that have been close partners to the UK will have to (and have started to) adjust their cooperation behaviour and form new alliances. While the structure of cooperation in the Council is often understood to be stable over time, suggesting that cooperation is mainly driven by structurally determined preferences that don’t easily change, a major event such as Brexit may force remaining member states to restructure their cooperation behaviour. Accordingly, it is expected and tested whether less structurally determined preferences have grown in importance for shaping patterns of cooperation in the immediate period following the Brexit referendum. Using survey data based on interviews with member state negotiators to the Council, asking about their network ties, compiled both in the period before and after Brexit referendum of 2016, it is shown that structurally determined preferences are important in both periods and that more volatile ideologically-based preferences on the EU integration dimension and GAL-TAN dimension have become important following the referendum. The article is informative both for those interested in the effects of Brexit on EU institutions, as well as those more generally interested in causes of cooperation patterns in the Council.

scholarly journals Impact of Lithuanian EU Integration on External Trade in Agricultural Products

Ekonomika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algirdas Miškinis
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
External Trade ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The task of the study was to identify the impact of EU membership on Lithuanian trade in food products. The author has carried out an analysis of the inevitable and likely changes which will affect Lithuanian trade policy. terms of trade within the EU and the third countries, export and import volumes, and social consequences of these changes. The conclusions are based on a comparison of the existing Lithuanian and EU tariffs for key items of Lithuanian foodstuffs exports and imports.

Young People in the Age of Crisis. Discovering Patterns of Change in Cosmopolitanism and Attitudes towards Europe/European Union among University Students in Southern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-165
Author(s):  
Massimo Pendenza ◽  
Dario Verderame
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
European Crisis ◽  
The Eu

Since 2008, the European crisis, in its many forms, has brought about an increase in inequality and has loosened the social bonds between EU citizens. It is the young who have been hit hardest by the consequences of the crisis, as much in the short term as in the long term. One would reasonably expect the European crisis to have affected young people’s sense of belonging to Europe and to the EU. We will deal with this issue from the perspective of cosmopolitanism. In particular, this article, based on data from two surveys conducted in 2014 and 2018 among young university students in southern Italy, will attempt to ascertain whether the crisis is the background for young people’s changed ‘cosmopolitan openness’ (their sense of belonging and attitude to other people), their ideas about Europe, and the depth and manner of their support for the EU; it looks at those dimensions, both jointly and separately, bringing out the finer points. While cosmopolitan feelings and support for the EU do not seem to have changed to any great extent among the young people interviewed, they are far from presenting a homogeneous group as regards their views on diversity, Europe, and their support for the European Union.

scholarly journals Eu integration: the meaning of the common agricultural policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
Nadiia Kryvenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. Integration has reached its highest level of development in the EU, and particular attention is drawn to the agrarian integration and resolution of these problems at the beginning of the integration process. This in its turn confirms the significant importance of the agrarian sector for the member-states. Although, the majority of this market participant does not trade agricultural products. The growing global food problem, the positive consequences of the CAP for EU integration, the significant importance of the agricultural sector for Ukraine, which is one of the major exporters of some agri-food products, and the existence of a number of regional trade agreements confirm the importance of research of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Purpose. It is pivotal to explore the importance of the EU CAP for the development of EU integration, its goals and changes, the mechanism, the formation of a common market. In addition, it is a positive experience of the integration group and Ukraine can learn a lesson if manages to analyze the EU’s place in the world market of agricultural products. Methods. The methods of theoretical generalization, historical method, method of analysis, comparison, and graphical method were used in the article for revealing the features of the CAP and the EU as an exporter of agricultural products. Results. The research shows the importance of the agrarian integration of the EU (it is confirmed by the CAP) and the impact of the CAP on the development of integration. In the case of enlargement of the EU, difficulties are often caused by agrarian policy. The article analyzes the aims of the CAP, which varied during the group history depending on a number of factors, and it shows its flexibility and compliance with urgent problems. The creation of a common market and the use of appropriate regulatory measures (which can also be used by Ukraine) are analyzed. It is determined that the EU is one of the world’s major producers and exporters of agri-food products, and its export share of many product is more than 30% or even 50%. Discussion. In further research it is advisable to focus on the stages and reforms of the CAP and to take into account some new aims CAP for the agricultural policy of Ukraine.

scholarly journals EU Integration in the (Post)-Migrant-Crisis Context: Learning New Integration Modes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-324
Author(s):  
Iryna Kushnir ◽  
Majella Kilkey ◽  
Francesca Strumia
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Context Learning ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Elite Interviews ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article explores the integration of the European Union (EU) as an institution after the 2015–2016 migrant crisis. Qualitative data from elite interviews in Brussels and policy analysis, in the framework of a bigger project about the impact of the migrant crisis on European integration, highlight EU learning about new integration modes as a key theme following the crisis. The article focuses on this theme and argues that EU integration has been happening through intensive learning after the migrant crisis, whereby the EU has been exploring a combination of certain integration modes: shaping the relationships with candidate countries by restraining from enlargement; shaping the relationships with (prospectively) exiting Member States by considering fuzziness at the borders; and exploring differentiation among the existing Member States, possibly through promoting a two-tier EU, instead of universal deepening. A key contribution lies in applying the notion ‘learning’ to understanding EU integration modes specifically after the migrant crisis.

Europeanization of Political Structures and Public Policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Javier Arregui
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Institutional Evolution ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Union Governance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter focuses on the impact of European Union governance on the Spanish polity. More specifically, the research question that guides the chapter is the following: What consequences and effects have Spain’s membership of the EEC/EU had on the institutional evolution of the Spanish Political System? The chapter deals mainly with the impact on the main political arenas, policy structures as well as on the contents of the more Europeanized public policies. The chapter shows that there has been significant Europeanization of the main Spanish political arenas (legislature, executive, and judiciary) over the last decades. Moreover, the chapter also shows that the EU integration process has introduced a gradual adaptation process and relevant innovations within Spanish public policies, particularly those related to the construction of the European market as well as with the construction of the Economic Union.

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