A modern perspective on Meinecke’s 1929 assessment of tourist impacts on redwoods

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332110299
Author(s):  
Ross H Martin ◽  
Joshua B Hodge ◽  
Clayton J Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Modern Perspective ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

E.P. Meinecke, a noted plant pathologist and staunch supporter of conservation, authored an influential article about the impacts of tourism on redwood trees. In the Effect of Excessive Tourist Travel on the California Redwood Parks, published in 1929, Meinecke found that soil compaction by tourists had a negative impact on tree roots and his recommendations for amelioration were both logical and laced with philosophical ideals. We revisit that report with a modern perspective by reviewing his findings and suggestions, and by comparing his ideas with modern research and tourism management practices. One of Meinecke’s greatest concerns was the advent of the automobile and its ability to bring more people to redwood groves. We take that concern to the next logical step and discuss potential impacts of climate change on redwood trees.

scholarly journals Implications of Climate Change on Soil Functions: A Case for Achieving Local Coconut Sufficiency from Sustainable Agricultural Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Egbunike ◽  
Nonso Okoye ◽  
Okoroji-Nma Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Climate change is a major threat to agricultural food production globally and locally. It poses both direct and indirect effects on soil functions. Thus, agricultural management practices has evolved to adaptation strategies in order to mitigate the risks and threats from climate change. The study concludes with a recommendation the coconut farmers should explore the idea of soil biodiversity in a bid to mitigate the potential negative impact of climate related risk on the farming. The study proffers the need for adopting sustainable agricultural practices to boost local coconut production. This can contribute to the simultaneous realisation of two of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations: SDG 2 on food security and sustainable agriculture and SDG 13 on action to combat climate change and its impacts. The study findings has implications for tackling climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa and in particular Nigeria in order to boost local agricultural production and coconut in particular without negative environmental consequences and an ability to cope with climate change related risks.

scholarly journals KAJIAN DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP DEGRADASI TANAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Dyah Nursita Utami
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Rainfall Trends ◽  
The Right ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

ABSTRACTNatural disasters that occur in Indonesia are disasters caused by climate change, such as landslides, floods, flash floods, droughts, forest and land fires, crop failures and other natural disaster. Climate change such as rainfall trends, temperature trends, normal changes in rainfall, extreme climate changes greatly affect the balance of the environmental ecosystem which then becomes one of the triggers of natural disasters that occur. For example changes in high rainfall will affect the physical, biological and chemical nature of the soil which makes soil prone to soil erosion and even landslides can occur. Extreme changes in air temperature also affect soil degradation resulting in soil compaction, fractures, acidification and reduced soil organic matter and biodiversity of soil biota, so that plants lack nutrients and eventually crop failure occurs.Because of that basis, the study of the impacts of climate change on soil properties needs to be done in the hope that they can take the right steps in dealing with climate change, so that the environment has resilience in dealing with climate change Keywords: climate change, soil degradation, environmental resilience ABSTRAKBencana alam yang terjadi di Indonesia merupakan bencana yang banyak disebabkan oleh adanya perubahan iklim, seperti tanah longsor, banjir, banjir bandang, kekeringan, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, gagal panen serta bencana alam lain sebagainya. Perubahan iklim seperti tren curah hujan, tren suhu, perubahan normal curah hujan, ekstrem perubahan iklim sangat mempengaruhi keseimbangan ekosistem lingkungan yang kemudian menjadi salah satu trigger bencana alam itu terjadi. Sebagai contoh perubahan curah hujan yang tinggi akan mempergaruhi sifat tanah secara fisik, biologi dan kimiawi yang menjadikan tanah rawan terkena erosi tanah bahkan dapat terjadi tanah longsor. Perubahan suhu udara yang ekstrim juga berpengaruh terhadap degradasi tanah sehingga terjadi pemadatan tanah, rekahan, pengasaman serta berkurangnya bahan organik tanah serta biodiversitas biota tanah, sehingga tanaman kekurangan unsur hara dan akhirnya terjadi gagal panen. Karena dasar itulah kajian dampak perubahan iklim terhadap sifat-sifat tanah perlu dilakukan dengan harapan dapat mengambil langkah yang tepat dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim, sehingga lingkungan mempunyai ketangguhan (resilience) dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim. Kata kunci: perubahan iklim, degradasi tanah, ketangguhan lingkungan.

scholarly journals Climate Change, Mountain Food Systems, and Emerging Opportunities: A Study from the Hindu Kush Karakoram Pamir Landscape, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3057
Author(s):  
Abid Hussain ◽  
Faisal Mueen Qamar ◽  
Lipy Adhikari ◽  
Asif Iqbal Hunzai ◽  
Atta ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Local People ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

This study investigated the mountain food systems in the Hindu Kush Karakoram Pamir Landscape (HKPL) in Pakistan. It analyzed the impacts of climate change on agriculture and livestock and identified key opportunities which can be tapped into to improve sustainability in food systems. The study applied a “multiple case studies approach” and collected data from four study sites at different altitudes, using the method of slow focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and non-participant observation. Findings revealed that the contribution of local agriculture and livestock to people’s food consumption has gradually declined, increasing their dependence on external food items. Local food systems are losing diversity, which has negatively impacted people’s dietary diversity. The youth has lost interest in agriculture due to low productivity and profitability in a high altitude village—Misgar (≈3200 m above sea level). In all sites, local people perceived mixed impacts (both positive and negative) of climate change on food systems. Climate change together with enhanced use of pesticides and inorganic fertilizers, high yielding seed, and improved farm management have positive, and climate-attributed increase in crop pest attacks has negative impact on crop productivity. Moreover, local people perceived negative impacts of climate change on pastures and water availability in traditional irrigation systems without significant influence on crop and livestock productivity. In food systems, these are needed to maximize benefits from the local potential for organic production, livestock integration, value chain development, traditional food crops, medicinal plants, and protected vegetables cultivation to reduce the vulnerability of food systems to climactic and economic shocks, and improve the sustainability.

scholarly journals Persepsi Petani Sayuran Tentang Dampak Perubahan Iklim di Sulawesi Selatan (Perception of Vegetable Farmers on the Impact of Climate Change in South Sulawesi)

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witono Adiyoga ◽  
Rofik Sinung Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

<p>Walaupun masih terdapat ketidakpastian tentang kapan, bagaimana, dan di mana perubahan iklim akan berdampak negatif terhadap produksi pertanian dan ketahanan pangan, sebagian besar ilmuwan sepakat bahwa dampaknya terhadap sektor pertanian di daerah tropis akan semakin parah dibandingkan di daerah temperate. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari persepsi petani tentang dampak perubahan iklim terhadap variabilitas cuaca yang terjadi dan dampak perubahan iklim terhadap usahatani. Penelitian survei dilaksanakan pada ekosistem sayuran di dataran tinggi dan rendah Sulawesi Selatan dari bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2012. Pada setiap ekosistem, 110 petani sayuran dipilih secara acak (total = 220 responden). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden lintas ekosistem dan pola musim mempersepsi tiga jenis kejadian alam akibat perubahan iklim secara signifikan yang menempati tiga urutan tertinggi pada awal musim tanam, yaitu (a) pola curah hujan sangat tidak menentu, (b) suhu udara meningkat, dan (c) musim hujan datang lebih awal, diikuti oleh minggu-minggu kering. Mayoritas responden juga mempersepsi tiga jenis kejadian cuaca ekstrim akibat perubahan iklim signifikannya menempati tiga urutan tertinggi, yaitu (a) sinar matahari sangat terik, (b) gelombang dan temperatur udara panas dan (c) kekeringan. Kebakaran hutan, asap hasil pembakaran bahan bakar oleh industri, asap kendaraan bermotor, dan penggundulan hutan secara konsisten, dikemukakan sebagian besar petani lintas ekosistem dan pola musim sebagai faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan iklim. Sementara itu, separuh lebih responden menyatakan ketidaksetujuan/keragu-raguannya bahwa usahatani sayuran yang dilakukan secara terus menerus, pembakaran limbah tanaman/rumah tangga, penggunaan pupuk/pestisida kimia berlebih, penggunaan kayu bakar, dan penggunaan air irigasi tinggi memberikan kontribusi cukup signifikan terhadap terjadinya perubahan iklim. Sebagian besar responden mempersepsi tiga dampak perubahan iklim terhadap usahatani yang signifikansinya menempati tiga urutan tertinggi, yaitu (a) risiko kegagalan panen yang semakin tinggi, (b) risiko kerugian usahatani yang semakin tinggi dan berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan usahatani, serta (c) suhu yang semakin tinggi menyebabkan peningkatan serangan hama dan munculnya hama baru. Kegiatan edukasi terpadu melalui penyuluhan pertanian maupun sekolah lapang iklim perlu terus dilakukan untuk mengoreksi beberapa perbedaan persepsi tentang penyebab perubahan iklim.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Sayuran; Dataran rendah; Dataran tinggi; Variabilitas iklim; Dampak perubahan iklim</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Vegetable farmers’ perception of climate change impacts in South Sulawesi. Even though there are still uncertainties regarding when, how, and where the climate change will have a negative impact on agricultural production and food security, most scientists agree that the impact of climate change on agricultural sector is more severe in the tropical regions as compared to the temperate regions. The objective of this study was to examine farmers’ perceptions regarding the impacts of climate change on weather/climate variability and on their vegetable farms. A survey was carried out in lowland and highland vegetable areas of South Sulawesi in June until August 2012. In total, there were 220 respondents randomly selected for interview by using a structured questionnaire. Results suggest that most respondents across different ecosystem and seasonal pattern perceive three climates variability as the most important impacts of climate change i.e. (a) high uncertainty of rainfall pattern, (b) increasing air temperature and (c) earlier start of rainy season followed by dry weeks. Those respondents also perceive three most important extreme weathers, such as (a) intense heat/sun, (b) hot air temperature and waves and (c) long dry season. Forest fire, smoke from industrial fuel burning, smoke from motor vehicles and deforestation are consistently identified as factors that significantly contribute to the existence of climate change. Meanwhile, more than half of respondents are disagree or in doubt that continuous vegetable cultivation, crop/household waste, excessive use of fertilizers, and pesticides, use of cooking woods, and excessive use of irrigation water as factors that contribute to climate change. Most respondents perceive three most important impacts of climate change to their vegetable farms i.e. (a) increasing crop failure risk, (b) increasing financial loss risk that directly affects farm sustainability, and (c) increasing air temperature that tends to increase more severe pest/disease incidence and bring out new pests and diseases. A concerted educative effort through agricultural extension or climate field school should be carried out, especially to correct some misperceptions regarding causes of climate change.</p>

scholarly journals Minimizing pest and disease risks in uncertain climates: CABI initiatives developing new technologies and tools for outreaching early warning to farmers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryony Taylor ◽  
Jonathan Casey ◽  
Sivapragasam Annamalai ◽  
Elizabeth A. Finch ◽  
Tim Beale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Face

Abstract Recent climate models have projected a global temperature increase of at least 1.5-2°C on present day temperatures, including a high likelihood of an increase in extreme temperatures experienced in inhabited places. Changes to observed precipitation patterns are likely with several regions predicted to experience an increase in heavy precipitation and others likely to experience more drought, and a precipitation deficit. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest these changing climatic conditions affect the distribution and phenology of pests and diseases of agriculture. As ectothermic organisms, arthropod pests and fungal diseases are sensitive to changes in mean temperatures and temperature ranges to which they are exposed, with warmer average conditions likely to increase development rates and more extreme temperatures likely to have a negative impact on development. Models which incorporate climate change projections indicate that pests and diseases may shift or increase their ranges in line with warming temperatures. Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, with farmers reporting negative impacts on crop production and needing to change farming practices in response to changing climates. In the face of changeable conditions, traditional pest management practices may not be as effective given the climate change induced changes which may be present in the ecosystems e.g. alteration of tritrophic interactions between pest and natural enemies. This paper gives an overview of current and recent projects where CABI and partners have developed and utilised existing technologies, methodologies and approaches that may help smallholder farmers to receive the necessary information to control pests and diseases in the context of changing climates. First, we cover the application of species distribution models and their benefits in highlighting areas at risk of pest incursion in the future. Second, we cover within season modelling approaches, driven by earth observation data sources to help farmers to make informed decisions on the best time to apply an intervention, in the face of changing within season temperatures. Finally, we report on CABI's activities associated with climate smart agriculture in South East Asia.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impacts on Winter Wheat Yield in Northern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Geng ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Wei Ren ◽  
Zhixin Hao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Exploring the impacts of climate change on agriculture is one of important topics with respect to climate change. We quantitatively examined the impacts of climate change on winter wheat yield in Northern China using the Cobb–Douglas production function. Utilizing time-series data of agricultural production and meteorological observations from 1981 to 2016, the impacts of climatic factors on wheat production were assessed. It was found that the contribution of climatic factors to winter wheat yield per unit area (WYPA) was 0.762–1.921% in absolute terms. Growing season average temperature (GSAT) had a negative impact on WYPA for the period of 1981–2016. A 1% increase in GSAT could lead to a loss of 0.109% of WYPA when the other factors were constant. While growing season precipitation (GSP) had a positive impact on WYPA, as a 1% increase in GSP could result in 0.186% increase in WYPA, other factors kept constant. Then, the impacts on WYPA for the period 2021–2050 under two different emissions scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 were forecasted. For the whole study area, GSAT is projected to increase 1.37°C under RCP4.5 and 1.54°C under RCP8.5 for the period 2021–2050, which will lower the average WYPA by 1.75% and 1.97%, respectively. GSP is tended to increase by 17.31% under RCP4.5 and 22.22% under RCP8.5 and will give a rise of 3.22% and 4.13% in WYPA. The comprehensive effect of GSAT and GSP will increase WYPA by 1.47% under RCP4.5 and 2.16% under RCP8.5.

scholarly journals Coupling of pollination services and coffee suitability under climate change

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (39) ◽  
pp. 10438-10442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Imbach ◽  
Emily Fung ◽  
Lee Hannah ◽  
Carlos E. Navarro-Racines ◽  
David W. Roubik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Crop Suitability ◽  
Negative Coupling ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change will cause geographic range shifts for pollinators and major crops, with global implications for food security and rural livelihoods. However, little is known about the potential for coupled impacts of climate change on pollinators and crops. Coffee production exemplifies this issue, because large losses in areas suitable for coffee production have been projected due to climate change and because coffee production is dependent on bee pollination. We modeled the potential distributions of coffee and coffee pollinators under current and future climates in Latin America to understand whether future coffee-suitable areas will also be suitable for pollinators. Our results suggest that coffee-suitable areas will be reduced 73–88% by 2050 across warming scenarios, a decline 46–76% greater than estimated by global assessments. Mean bee richness will decline 8–18% within future coffee-suitable areas, but all are predicted to contain at least 5 bee species, and 46–59% of future coffee-suitable areas will contain 10 or more species. In our models, coffee suitability and bee richness each increase (i.e., positive coupling) in 10–22% of future coffee-suitable areas. Diminished coffee suitability and bee richness (i.e., negative coupling), however, occur in 34–51% of other areas. Finally, in 31–33% of the future coffee distribution areas, bee richness decreases and coffee suitability increases. Assessing coupled effects of climate change on crop suitability and pollination can help target appropriate management practices, including forest conservation, shade adjustment, crop rotation, or status quo, in different regions.

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