scholarly journals Minimizing pest and disease risks in uncertain climates: CABI initiatives developing new technologies and tools for outreaching early warning to farmers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryony Taylor ◽  
Jonathan Casey ◽  
Sivapragasam Annamalai ◽  
Elizabeth A. Finch ◽  
Tim Beale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Face

Abstract Recent climate models have projected a global temperature increase of at least 1.5-2°C on present day temperatures, including a high likelihood of an increase in extreme temperatures experienced in inhabited places. Changes to observed precipitation patterns are likely with several regions predicted to experience an increase in heavy precipitation and others likely to experience more drought, and a precipitation deficit. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest these changing climatic conditions affect the distribution and phenology of pests and diseases of agriculture. As ectothermic organisms, arthropod pests and fungal diseases are sensitive to changes in mean temperatures and temperature ranges to which they are exposed, with warmer average conditions likely to increase development rates and more extreme temperatures likely to have a negative impact on development. Models which incorporate climate change projections indicate that pests and diseases may shift or increase their ranges in line with warming temperatures. Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, with farmers reporting negative impacts on crop production and needing to change farming practices in response to changing climates. In the face of changeable conditions, traditional pest management practices may not be as effective given the climate change induced changes which may be present in the ecosystems e.g. alteration of tritrophic interactions between pest and natural enemies. This paper gives an overview of current and recent projects where CABI and partners have developed and utilised existing technologies, methodologies and approaches that may help smallholder farmers to receive the necessary information to control pests and diseases in the context of changing climates. First, we cover the application of species distribution models and their benefits in highlighting areas at risk of pest incursion in the future. Second, we cover within season modelling approaches, driven by earth observation data sources to help farmers to make informed decisions on the best time to apply an intervention, in the face of changing within season temperatures. Finally, we report on CABI's activities associated with climate smart agriculture in South East Asia.

scholarly journals Constraints to Vegetable Production Resulting from Pest and Diseases Induced by Climate Change and Globalization: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutondwa M. Phophi ◽  
Paramu L. Mafongoya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Exotic Pests

Vegetable production worldwide is constrained by pests and diseases which effects are exacerbated by climate change and variability. Greenhouse gas emissions are also increasing due to poor agricultural practices and other human activities. This will continue to have a negative impact on the prevalence of insect pests and diseases. This review focuses on the climatic factors that impact on insect pests and diseases of vegetable crops. High atmospheric temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide increases pest development, survival of pests and distribution of pest to new areas. The distribution of insect pests and diseases are not due to climate changes only but are also a result of globalisation and poor biosecurity measures at country borders. There is limited information on the distribution of pests and diseases due to globalisation in African countries. New exotic pests will continue to be introduced to countries if biosecurity measures are not improved. Future research must focus on how to manage emerging pests and diseases influenced by high temperatures and carbon dioxide and other climatic conditions which influence pest severity under smallholder farmers in the southern African regions.

scholarly journals Enhancing the climate resilience of coffee production.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Bracken ◽  
Paul J. Burgess ◽  
Nicholas T. Girkin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Reduction In Area ◽  
Policy Mechanisms

Abstract Climate change is adversely affecting coffee production, impacting both yields and quality. Coffee production is dominated by the cultivation of Arabica and Robusta coffee, species that represent 99% of production, but both species will be affected by climate change. Sustainable management practices that can enhance the resilience of production are urgently needed, as coffee production supports the livelihoods of over 25 million people across the world, the majority of whom are smallholder farmers located in the coffee belt spanning the tropics. We conducted a systematic review, identifying 78 studies that describe agro-ecological practices that have potential to enhance climate resilience. Adverse environmental impacts include a reduction in area suitable for production, lower yields, increased intensity and frequency of extreme climate events, and greater incidence of pests and diseases. Potential environmental solutions include altitudinal shifts, the introduction of new, more resilient cultivars, altering agrochemical inputs, and integrating agroforestry. However, financial, environmental and technical constraints limit the availability of many of these approaches to farmers, particularly smallholder producers. There is therefore an urgent need to address these barriers through appropriate policy mechanisms in order to continue meeting growing demand for coffee.

scholarly journals Challenges to Cocoa Production in the Face of Climate Change and the Spread of Pests and Diseases

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Christian Cilas ◽  
Philippe Bastide
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Additional Constraint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
The Face

The evolution of cocoa farming was quickly confronted with the development of pests and diseases. These sanitary constraints have shaped the geographical distribution of production over the centuries. Current climate change adds an additional constraint to the plant health constraints, making the future of cocoa farming more uncertain. Climate change is not only affecting the areas where cocoa is grown for physiological reasons, particularly in relation to changes in water regimes, but also affects the distribution of pests and diseases affecting this crop. These different points are discussed in the light of the trajectories observed in the different cocoa-growing areas. The breeding programs of cocoa trees for sustainable resistance to plant health constraints and climate change are therefore particularly important challenges for cocoa farming, with the other management practices of plantations.

A modern perspective on Meinecke’s 1929 assessment of tourist impacts on redwoods

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332110299
Author(s):  
Ross H Martin ◽  
Joshua B Hodge ◽  
Clayton J Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Modern Perspective ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

E.P. Meinecke, a noted plant pathologist and staunch supporter of conservation, authored an influential article about the impacts of tourism on redwood trees. In the Effect of Excessive Tourist Travel on the California Redwood Parks, published in 1929, Meinecke found that soil compaction by tourists had a negative impact on tree roots and his recommendations for amelioration were both logical and laced with philosophical ideals. We revisit that report with a modern perspective by reviewing his findings and suggestions, and by comparing his ideas with modern research and tourism management practices. One of Meinecke’s greatest concerns was the advent of the automobile and its ability to bring more people to redwood groves. We take that concern to the next logical step and discuss potential impacts of climate change on redwood trees.

scholarly journals Implications of Climate Change on Soil Functions: A Case for Achieving Local Coconut Sufficiency from Sustainable Agricultural Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Egbunike ◽  
Nonso Okoye ◽  
Okoroji-Nma Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Climate change is a major threat to agricultural food production globally and locally. It poses both direct and indirect effects on soil functions. Thus, agricultural management practices has evolved to adaptation strategies in order to mitigate the risks and threats from climate change. The study concludes with a recommendation the coconut farmers should explore the idea of soil biodiversity in a bid to mitigate the potential negative impact of climate related risk on the farming. The study proffers the need for adopting sustainable agricultural practices to boost local coconut production. This can contribute to the simultaneous realisation of two of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations: SDG 2 on food security and sustainable agriculture and SDG 13 on action to combat climate change and its impacts. The study findings has implications for tackling climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa and in particular Nigeria in order to boost local agricultural production and coconut in particular without negative environmental consequences and an ability to cope with climate change related risks.

scholarly journals Alpine treeline ecotone stasis in the face of recent climate change and disturbance by fire

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0231339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviya Naccarella ◽  
John W. Morgan ◽  
Seraphina C. Cutler ◽  
Susanna E. Venn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Alpine Treeline ◽  
Recent Climate Change ◽  
Alpine Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Face

THE EFFECT OF INDUSTRY CLOCKSPEED ON MAKE-BUY DECISIONS IN THE FACE OF RADICAL INNOVATIONS: AN EMPIRICAL TEST

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 431-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT K. PERRONS ◽  
MATTHEW G. RICHARDS ◽  
KEN PLATTS
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Radical Innovation ◽  
Strategy Research ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Industry Clockspeed

Evidence from management and business strategy research is divided over whether or not a firm should outsource the components and processes underpinning a new and potentially radical innovation. This investigation introduces ideas and evidence from the areas of supplier relations and industry clockspeed, and attempts to reconcile conflicting conclusions from earlier research by using a survey to measure supply chain management practices from a broad range of manufacturers in the UK. The results show that an industry's clockspeed has no significant bearing on the success or failure of any particular make-buy strategy for a radical innovation. The findings also indicate that maintaining strong ties with suppliers yields no significant long-term benefit for firms contending with radical new technologies.

scholarly journals Assessment of farm households’ perception, beliefs and attitude toward climatic risks: A case study of rural Vietnam

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0258598
Author(s):  
Huong Nguyen-Thi-Lan ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Tuan Nguyen-Anh ◽  
Huong Tran-Thi-Thu ◽  
Chinh Nguyen-Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Extreme Climatic Events ◽  
Climatic Risks

Vietnam is one the most vulnerable region to climate change and extreme climatic events, such as flash floods and droughts. This present research aims to explore the farm households’ beliefs, risk perception, adaptive attitude and climate change adaptation measures that they currently utilize in their farms to cope with climatic risks. Further, this study analyzed effect of climate change belief, awareness and adaptive attitudes on farmers’ adaptive behavior. By using structured questionnaire, the data from 816 respondents were collected from seven provinces of Vietnam. We used ordinary least squares regression and logistic regression approach to analyze farmers’ belief, perception of climatic change, and risk attitude towards climatic hazards. Results revealed that farmers in the study area are using the most common climatic risk management strategies including applying new technologies, adjustment of the seasonal calendar, and diversification. Findings further revealed that that farm households were mostly concerned about the risk in soil erosion and washout, followed by the stress of prolonging dry season and droughts. The study participants also reported a decrease in precipitation and increase in temperature and frequency and incidence of other extreme climatic events. A positive significant relationship was found between farm management practices and ecological communities. Risk perceptions and attitude toward climate change are essential factors among farm households of northern mountains of Vietnam. Thus, the climate strain linked with the institutional stress and socio-economic has serious insinuations for farm households’ livelihood bases, a universal climate change adaptation scheme is required to endure farmers’ livelihood.

scholarly journals Rising Seas: Coastal Adaptation to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shivani Patel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

<p><b>Science tells us that we are close to the irreversible tipping point into an unknown climate of the Anthropocene in which humanity has no option but to adapt or to be destroyed. Human influence is changing the earth and a major factor is urbanisation. Cities are one of the largest contributors to global climate change.</b></p> <p>This thesis develops a design-led research methodology and approach that develops alternative, speculative landscape intervention strategies to bridge the gap between climate change science and the landscape and the residents of Island Bay, in the city of Wellington, New Zealand. This research aims to take full advantage of new technologies and systems to provide resilient social, ecological and physical solutions for the coastal neighbourhood in the face of climate-related change. These solutions form a comprehensive framework and tools that anticipate a foreseeable future of saturated landscapes. It is a strategy that builds the adaptive capacity of the coastal zone, enhances existing natural systems, accommodates a variety of best coastal management practices and integrates alternative concepts in the coastal neighbourhood adaptation management plan.</p> <p>These solutions address the unpredictable issue of rising sea levels, storm surges and coastal inundation. In addition, the approach fosters urban environment solutions at various scales, such what a property owner can do and what public/private cooperation can do. Overall, this new integrated system approach has the potential to recalibrate urban coastal environments, catalyse resiliency and provide a robust model for designing mitigative, adaptative coastal communities in response to rising sea-levels and to support a new set of relationships between nature and urbanity.</p>

Adaptive Strategies of Small Family Farms in the Face of Climate Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 316-330
Author(s):  
Mohamed El Amrani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Face

Climate change is now an accepted reality. It is felt globally through increased temperature and precipitation regime disruption and increased frequency of extreme events such as floods and droughts. In the absence of effective mitigation and adaptation actions, these changes could have significant negative impact on the sustainability of agriculture and the resilience of populations especially in areas with fragile ecology. However, these changes remain an issue that is difficult to grasp and still not well integrated into management strategies at the farm, sector, and territory levels. The objectives of this research are to describe the production systems, and to study the resilience strategies, perception, and adaptive practices of farms in the Tleta watershed in Northwest Morocco in the face of climate change and landscape dynamics. It describes farming systems and activities, attempts to analyze how farmers perceive global changes in their landscape, and adopts innovative strategies and practices to adapt to them. It also shows that the actions of institutional actors in the area that can contribute to the resilience of the populations are numerous but remain fragmentary and lack integration.

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