scholarly journals KAJIAN DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP DEGRADASI TANAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Dyah Nursita Utami
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Rainfall Trends ◽  
The Right ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

ABSTRACTNatural disasters that occur in Indonesia are disasters caused by climate change, such as landslides, floods, flash floods, droughts, forest and land fires, crop failures and other natural disaster. Climate change such as rainfall trends, temperature trends, normal changes in rainfall, extreme climate changes greatly affect the balance of the environmental ecosystem which then becomes one of the triggers of natural disasters that occur. For example changes in high rainfall will affect the physical, biological and chemical nature of the soil which makes soil prone to soil erosion and even landslides can occur. Extreme changes in air temperature also affect soil degradation resulting in soil compaction, fractures, acidification and reduced soil organic matter and biodiversity of soil biota, so that plants lack nutrients and eventually crop failure occurs.Because of that basis, the study of the impacts of climate change on soil properties needs to be done in the hope that they can take the right steps in dealing with climate change, so that the environment has resilience in dealing with climate change Keywords: climate change, soil degradation, environmental resilience ABSTRAKBencana alam yang terjadi di Indonesia merupakan bencana yang banyak disebabkan oleh adanya perubahan iklim, seperti tanah longsor, banjir, banjir bandang, kekeringan, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, gagal panen serta bencana alam lain sebagainya. Perubahan iklim seperti tren curah hujan, tren suhu, perubahan normal curah hujan, ekstrem perubahan iklim sangat mempengaruhi keseimbangan ekosistem lingkungan yang kemudian menjadi salah satu trigger bencana alam itu terjadi. Sebagai contoh perubahan curah hujan yang tinggi akan mempergaruhi sifat tanah secara fisik, biologi dan kimiawi yang menjadikan tanah rawan terkena erosi tanah bahkan dapat terjadi tanah longsor. Perubahan suhu udara yang ekstrim juga berpengaruh terhadap degradasi tanah sehingga terjadi pemadatan tanah, rekahan, pengasaman serta berkurangnya bahan organik tanah serta biodiversitas biota tanah, sehingga tanaman kekurangan unsur hara dan akhirnya terjadi gagal panen. Karena dasar itulah kajian dampak perubahan iklim terhadap sifat-sifat tanah perlu dilakukan dengan harapan dapat mengambil langkah yang tepat dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim, sehingga lingkungan mempunyai ketangguhan (resilience) dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim. Kata kunci: perubahan iklim, degradasi tanah, ketangguhan lingkungan.

A modern perspective on Meinecke’s 1929 assessment of tourist impacts on redwoods

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332110299
Author(s):  
Ross H Martin ◽  
Joshua B Hodge ◽  
Clayton J Whitesides
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Modern Perspective ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

E.P. Meinecke, a noted plant pathologist and staunch supporter of conservation, authored an influential article about the impacts of tourism on redwood trees. In the Effect of Excessive Tourist Travel on the California Redwood Parks, published in 1929, Meinecke found that soil compaction by tourists had a negative impact on tree roots and his recommendations for amelioration were both logical and laced with philosophical ideals. We revisit that report with a modern perspective by reviewing his findings and suggestions, and by comparing his ideas with modern research and tourism management practices. One of Meinecke’s greatest concerns was the advent of the automobile and its ability to bring more people to redwood groves. We take that concern to the next logical step and discuss potential impacts of climate change on redwood trees.

scholarly journals Organizing the Challenges Faced by Municipalities while Formulating Climate Change Adaptation Plans

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Iwami ◽  
Takanori Matsui ◽  
Michinori Kimura ◽  
Kenshi Baba ◽  
Mitsuru Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
The World ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

As the effects of climate change increase in severity, organizations across the world are attempting to measures to mitigate these effects. In accordance with the Paris Agreement of November 2015, wherein participating nations agreed to restrict the increase in global temperature below 2 °C, Japan has formulated guidelines on creating adaptation plans that can be implemented by local governments. A Climate Change Adaptive Information Platform was also launched to promote understanding and cooperation by sharing information on climate risks. However, the literature on this topic lacks information related to the organization of requirements and challenges faced by municipal administrative officials that formulate adaptation plans. To address these issues, we examined the four municipal forums hosted at Hosei University to encourage administrative needs for new technological ideas in areas such as climate modeling and impact assessment. We used text mining on the transcripts of the various workshops conducted in these forums and attempted to understand the changes in discussions and to extract issues related to the formulation process. The results showed that various topics, such as creating adaptation promotion systems, assessing the impacts of climate change, formulating adaptation plans, communicating with related organizations and stakeholders, developing human resources, and capacity building, were discussed, and a need for information, procedures, and assistance was identified for the formulation of feasible adaptation plans. This study is expected to provide a useful reference to stakeholders involved in framing adaptation plans to mitigate the effects of climate changes, particularly at the municipal level.

scholarly journals Terraced Pasture Changes the Soil Moisture Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Vanessa Schiavon Lopes ◽  
Irene Maria Cardoso ◽  
Osmar Rosa Fernandes ◽  
Raphael Bragança Alves Fernandes ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

Climate changes, loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, scarcity and pollution of waters are the problems caused and experienced by society. The conservation methods of soil moisture are important for plant growth and groundwater preservation. The aim at this study was to evaluate the impacts of the terraces on soil moisture and to analyze the efficiency of Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) in the soil moisture determination. Soil moisture was determined by gravimetric and GPR methods in the depths of 0 to 10, 10 to 30, 30 to 60 and, 60 to 100 cm. The water storage in depth was larger and uniform in terraced than in the non-terraced pasture. However, the non terraced pasture has less soil compaction. Thus, the terrace does not guarantee adequate pasture management and other alternatives for sustainable management of cattle and reduction of soil compaction is necessary. The GPR method may be used to estimate the soil water content in volumetric basis in the field of a non-invasive manner. However, there need to study and determine the accuracy in GPR measurement in different methods and soil types.

scholarly journals Adaptation Mechanisms in Agriculture for Climate Change in Nepal

2012 ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Nath Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
High Himalayas ◽  
Agriculture Systems ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

In Nepal, impacts of climate change can be observed in varying levels of climate that are prevalent in diversified topography and vegetation. Broadly speaking, there are impacts of climate change in the Terai lowlands, the mid-hill valleys and mountains, and in the high Himalayas. Nepal is a unique climatic laboratory for studying the impacts of climate change.Sixty-five percent of the Nepalese people engage in agriculture and more than 32% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) comes from it. There are evidences of climate change in frequently changing monsoonal patterns resulting in droughts, floods, landslides, and other unexpected results that impair subsistence agriculture systems in the country. As a result, there is chronic food shortage in remote hills, and in the mountains, and the Terai, the grain bowl of Nepal, has been hit by food shortage. To date, around 3.9 million people have suffered from hunger and poverty. There are reports that major food crops of rice, maize, and wheat production have declined due to changes in monsoon patterns, insurgence of new pests, and decline in soil productivity. Efforts have been initiated to adopt drought and pest tolerant varieties, changes in planting time, and method of plantings as strategies for adaptation to climate change in agriculture. This paper attempts to highlight adaptation as a strategy to address issues of climate changes from the perspective of Nepalese agriculture.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7219 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.81-85

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change and Urban Expansion on Hydrologic Ecosystem Services in the Milwaukee River Basin

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Pan ◽  
Woonsup Choi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Land use/land cover (LULC) and climate changes could affect water quantity and quality and thus hydrologic ecosystem services (ES). However, studies of these impacts on hydrologic ES are limited by the current methods and techniques. We attempted to find out how the LULC and climate changes impact hydrologic ES at different temporal scales so that decision-makers can easily understand hydrologic ES variations for guiding management plans. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of LULC and climate changes on hydrologic ES in the Milwaukee River basin, USA with a conceptual modeling framework for hydrologic ES. The model framework was applied to a series of climate and urban expansion scenarios. Two hydrologic responses (streamflow and sediment) and three hydrologic ES (water provision index (WPI), flood regulation index (FRI), and sediment regulation index (SRI)) were calculated. Major findings include: (1) Climate change has much larger impacts than LULC at the monthly scale. For example, the impacts of climate change on streamflow were −6 to 9 m3/s whereas those of LULC change were −0.4 to 0.2 m3/s. Also, WPI (ranging from 0 to 1) changed between −0.16 and 0.07 with climate change but between −0.02 and −0.001 with LULC changes. (2) Compared to changes at the annual scale, the results show much larger variabilities as monthly time-series and mean monthly numbers. These findings suggest that the climate change weighs more than the realistic LULC change in term of impacts on hydrologic ES and those impacts can be identified with results at the monthly temporal scale. This approach with the framework and scenarios can better support management planning for decision-makers with detailed results and temporal precision.

Climate Change and the Challenges for Developing Countries in the Implementation of the Human Right to a Healthy Environment: Case of Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-254
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hong Yen ◽  
Nguyen Phuong Dung
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Climate change is becoming the largest crisis that humans have ever faced and a major challenge to the socio-economic and prosperous development of almost every country in the world, especially developing countries. According to the Report of the 2019 Long-Term Climate Risk Index of Germanwatch, Vietnam is rated as one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to the impacts of climate change due to factors such as its geographic location, economic development model and population density. The negative impacts of climate change have become barriers for Vietnam in implementing socio-economic development policies, sustainable development goals and human rights, including the right to a healthy environment. This article will focus on clarifying the legal basis as well as the direct challenges of climate change in ensuring the right to a healthy environment in Vietnam and will recommend appropriate solutions to improve the law and capacity to enforce this right in Vietnam.

A Study of the Impacts of Climate Change Scenarios on the Plant Hardiness Zones of Albania

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zydi Teqja ◽  
Albert Kopali ◽  
Zamir Libohova ◽  
Phillip R. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
New Species ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Plant Hardiness ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractMaps of plant hardiness zones are useful tools for determining the extreme limits for the survival of plants. Exploration of projected climate change effects on hardiness zones can help identify areas most affected by climate change. Such studies are important in areas with high risks related to climate change, such as the Mediterranean Sea region. The objectives of this study were to (i) map plant hardiness zones for Albania and (ii) assess the projected effects of climate scenarios on the distribution of hardiness zones. Hardiness zones were affected by IPCC AR5 climate scenarios. The most extreme hardiness zone (6a) disappeared while a new, warmer zone (10b) appeared, reflecting rising temperature trends during the cold season. The shifts in spatial distribution of hardiness zones may represent opportunities for introducing new species to Albanian agriculture and forestry; however, the introduction of new species would require further studies on the variability of plant hardiness zones at local scales.

scholarly journals Perception of Impacts of Climate Variability on Pastoralists and Their Adaptation/Coping Strategies in Fentale District of Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muluken Mekuyie ◽  
Desta Mulu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Climate Change And Variability ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Pastoral Households ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

AbstractClimate change has been threatening pastoral communities in Ethiopia as their economy is mainly based on rain-fed agriculture. The study area is one of the climate change prone area affected by climate induced shocks. To reduce the adverse effects of climate change, pastoral households need to recognize the changes already happening in their climate and employ climate change adaptation measures. Therefore, the present study was conducted in Fentale district, Central Ethiopia to determine the perceived adverse impacts of climate change and variability, the perception of pastoral households on the patterns of climate change and variability, and identify the adaptation/coping strategies of pastoralists to climate change impacts. A household questionnaire survey and focus group discussion were employed to collect primary data at a household level. A total of 130 pastoral households were sampled using random sampling. The data collected from household survey were analyzed using SPSS (version 20). The rainfall and temperature trends of the study area were analysed using Mann–Kendall test. The findings indicated significant decreasing trend of Belg rainfall and increasing trend of Kiremt rainfall for the period 1983–2017. The perception of pastoral households on rainfall and temperature trends was in line with the results of the recorded meteorological data analysis of the present study except the Kiremt rainfall and the long-term annual rainfall trends. The results indicated that pasture and water availability became scarce and livestock assets and productivity were highly reduced, due to adverse impacts of climate change and variability. The most important strategies deployed by the local people included (i) integrating livestock with crop production, (ii) livestock mobility, (iii) livestock diversification and herd composition change, (iv) decreased consumption, (v) remittance, (vi) cash for work and (vii) food aid. Therefore, the government should support and enhance household’s indigenous adaptation strategies through the provision of market access, early warning information, affordable credit access, and development of water points.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change on Rainfall Trends Under RCP Scenarios in Johor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nazahiyah Rahmat ◽  
Aainaa Hatin Ahmad Tarmizi ◽  
Nurul Nadrah Aqilah Tukimat
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Rainfall Trends ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Changes in the spatial and temporal rainfall pattern affected by the climate change need to be investigated as its significant characteristics are often used for managing water resources. In this study, the impacts of climate change on rainfall variability in Johor was investigated by using General Circulation Model (GCM) on the availability of daily simulation for three representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for interval year of Δ2030, Δ2050 and Δ2080. In addition, the annual future rainfall trend for the first interval year of Δ2030 was also made. Daily rainfall series from eight (8) stations in Johor, Malaysia capturing 30 years period (1988-2017) with less than 10% missing data were chosen. The annual mean rainfall for RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 was predicted increase by 17.5%, 18.1% and 18.3%, respectively as compared to historical data. Moreover, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test was used to detect the trend and resulted in no trend for RCP2.6. Even so, RCP4.5 showed a significant upward trend in Muar and Kota Tinggi, and for RCP8.5, all regions were detected to have an upwards trend except for Pontian and Kluang. In general, the concentration of greenhouse gases from RCP8.5 gave the highest rainfall in future.

Wind Erosion, Climate Change, and Shelterbelts

2022 ◽  
pp. 154-175
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Baumgertel ◽  
Sara Lukić ◽  
Milica Caković ◽  
Radovan Savić ◽  
Atila Bezdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Vegetation Establishment ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Wind erosion is a widespread phenomenon causing serious soil degradation. It is estimated that about 28% of the global land area suffers from this process. Global climate changes are expected to accelerate land degradation and significantly affect the intensity of wind erosion. Shelterbelts are linear multi-row planting strips of vegetation (trees or shrubs) established for numerous environmental purposes. Shelterbelts are a specific type of agroforestry system which could reduce soil degradation (soil erosion). Shelterbelts mitigate greenhouse gas through trees storing carbon (C) in their above- and below-ground biomass, wherefore they are highlighted as one of the potential ways to mitigate climate change. The purpose of this chapter is to present wind erosion as a land degradation problem, especially in line with climate changes and the present concept of vegetation establishment in the form of shelterbelts for long-term multi-functional provision of ecosystem services, in particular carbon sequestration.

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