scholarly journals Implications of Climate Change on Soil Functions: A Case for Achieving Local Coconut Sufficiency from Sustainable Agricultural Practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Egbunike ◽  
Nonso Okoye ◽  
Okoroji-Nma Okechukwu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Climate change is a major threat to agricultural food production globally and locally. It poses both direct and indirect effects on soil functions. Thus, agricultural management practices has evolved to adaptation strategies in order to mitigate the risks and threats from climate change. The study concludes with a recommendation the coconut farmers should explore the idea of soil biodiversity in a bid to mitigate the potential negative impact of climate related risk on the farming. The study proffers the need for adopting sustainable agricultural practices to boost local coconut production. This can contribute to the simultaneous realisation of two of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations: SDG 2 on food security and sustainable agriculture and SDG 13 on action to combat climate change and its impacts. The study findings has implications for tackling climate change in Sub-Saharan Africa and in particular Nigeria in order to boost local agricultural production and coconut in particular without negative environmental consequences and an ability to cope with climate change related risks.

scholarly journals Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Smallholders’ Cropping Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shaankua E. Lemarpe ◽  
Collins M. Musafiri ◽  
Joseph M. Macharia ◽  
Milka N. Kiboi ◽  
Onesmus K. Ng’etich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ozone Layer Depletion ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Sub Saharan

Increased concentration of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas (GHG), is of great concern due to its impact on ozone layer depletion leading to climate change. Ozone layer depletion allows penetration of ultraviolet radiations, which are hazardous to human health. Climate change culminates in reduced food productivity. Limited empirical studies have been conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to quantify and understand the dynamics of soil N2O fluxes from smallholder cropping systems. The available literature on soil N2O fluxes in SSA is limited; hence, there is a pressing need to consolidate it to ease mitigation targeting and policy formulation initiatives. We reviewed the state of N2O emissions from selected cropping systems, drivers that significantly influence N2O emissions, and probable soil N2O emissions mitigation options from 30 studies in SSA cropping systems have been elucidated here. The review outcome indicates that coffee, tea, maize, and vegetables emit N2O ranging from 1 to 1.9, 0.4 to 3.9, 0.1 to 4.26, and 48 to 113.4 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr−1, respectively. The yield-scaled and N2O emissions factors ranged between 0.08 and 67 g N2O-N kg−1 and 0.01 and 4.1%, respectively, across cropping systems. Soil characteristics, farm management practices, and climatic and environmental conditions were significant drivers influencing N2O emissions across SSA cropping systems. We found that site-specific soil N2O emissions mitigation measures are required due to high variations in N2O drivers across SSA. We conclude that appropriate fertilizer and organic input management combined with improved soil management practices are potential approaches in N2O emissions mitigation in SSA. We recommend that (i) while formulating soil N2O emissions mitigation approaches, in SSA, policymakers should consider site-specific targeting approaches, and (ii) more empirical studies need to be conducted in diverse agroecological zones of SSA to qualify various mitigation options on N2O emissions, yield-scaled N2O emissions, and N2O emission factors which are essential in improving national and regional GHG inventories.

The Need for Alternative Insect Protein in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 566-575
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Pechal ◽  
M Eric Benbow ◽  
Arox W Kamng’ona ◽  
Andrews Safalaoh ◽  
Kingsley Masamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sustainable Developmental Goals ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Abstract As the global population is expected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, food production must increase by 60% to meet demand. Increasing agricultural commodities to meet this demand for food products exacerbates several issues of human concern, such as over-fertilization and natural resource depletion. Further, changes in diets due to uncertainty in local crop availability change our food forecast. We are, however, poised to overcome agriculture and nutrition challenges, and become food secure by 2030. One challenge is to produce protein in a cost-effective, sustainable manner, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Protein is an essential key ingredient of livestock feeds, and is necessary for animal growth, body maintenance, and producing offspring. The use and optimization of farming insects for protein-rich livestock feed is a transformative area of agriculture-based research that will contribute to improved food security and meeting global sustainable developmental goals. The resulting need is to minimize the anthropogenic impacts through research-driven approaches that will improve sustainable agricultural practices. This need will be addressed with insects. Larvae of certain insects feed on decomposing organic matter and can reduce associated bacterial (including pathogens) populations. The resulting larvae can be dried, milled, and used as feed for livestock, including poultry and aquaculture. Optimizing insect life history traits and their associated microbes as novel feed for livestock is currently understudied, but has tremendous impact to increase agricultural sustainability, improve feed security, and be easily introduced into local food production chains in Africa.

Demography and the Future of Democracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-880
Author(s):  
Jack A. Goldstone ◽  
Larry Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Global Democracy ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Long Term Trend

The world is in the midst of a demographic recession. This counters what should be a long-term trend toward greater democracy. Recent research has shown that progress toward stable democracy is strongly associated with progress in the demographic transition. Since most of the world is rapidly dropping in fertility as more countries complete this transition, democracy should be spreading. However, a resurgence of anxiety, nationalism, and support for strong-man governance is associated with sudden waves of immigration from unfamiliar sources. Because certain parts of the world—mainly Central America, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Middle East—still have very young and rapidly growing populations who suffer from poor economic prospects, adverse climate change, and bad governance, those regions are sending waves of migrants seeking asylum to Europe and the United States, raising anxieties that undermine liberal democratic governance. Global democracy is thus being tugged in opposing directions by current demographic trends. Improving governance in poorer countries to cope with the negative impact of climate change and to create better economic prospects, as well as efforts to reduce fertility, are essential to diminish the surges of migrants and restore the impetus toward democracy that should prevail in mature societies.

Relationship Between Climate Change and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sylvester Ohiomu ◽  
Patience L Ozor
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan

The soaring cases of coronavirus pandemic coupled with unpredictable climatic variations posed danger to human lives and food security. This work examined “Relationship between climate change and food security in sub-Saharan Africa.” Using the Generalized Method of Moments technique with preliminary diagnostic tests on panel data across the 17 sub-Sahara African countries, the dependent variable is agricultural output, while the independent variables are temperature, rainfall, government expenditure on agriculture, inflation, exchange rate, gross fixed capital formation, and labor force. The findings revealed that climate change exerts negative impact on food security through temperature variations which degenerated during the period under review. The results also showed positive significant impact of government expenditure which increased during the period. The work recommended that government should embark on massive productive investments to reinvigorate and re-engineer the economy. The government and appropriate agencies should also put in place hybrid technology of high yield crops adaptive to change in climate as well as effective mechanism for food storage to secure food for the future.

scholarly journals Facing climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa: analysis of climate-smart agriculture opportunities to manage climate-related risks

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 34001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Zougmoré ◽  
Samuel T. Partey ◽  
Mathieu Ouédraogo ◽  
Emmanuel Torquebiau ◽  
Bruce M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Farm Productivity ◽  
Climate Change And Variability ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Smart Agriculture

In the literature, a lot of information is available about climate change perceptions and impacts in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is limited attention in the region to emerging initiatives, technologies and policies that are tailored to building the adaptive capacity of agricultural systems to climate change and variability. In this paper, we discuss the prospects for climate-smart agriculture technologies and enabling policies in dealing with climate change and variability at different sub-regional levels of sub-Saharan Africa to sustain farm productivity and livelihoods of agrarian communities. The review provides substantial information suggesting that without appropriate interventions, climate change and variability will affect agricultural yields, food security and add to the presently unaceptable levels of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Although some of them were already existing, the past decades have seen the development and promotion of climate-smart agriculture innovations such as the use of high yielding drought tolerant crop varieties, climate information services, agricultural insurance, agroforestry, water harvesting techniques, integrated soil fertility management practices, etc. In the context of climate change, this appears as a stepping up approach to sustainably improving farm productivity, rural livelihoods and adaptive capacity of farmers and production systems while contributing to mitigation. The development of regional, sub-regional and national climate change policies and plans targeted at mitigating climate change and improving adaptive capacity of the African people have also been developed to enable mainstreaming of climate-smart agriculture into agricultural development plans. Financial commitments from governments and development agencies will be crucial for improving large scale adoption of climate-smart agriculture.

scholarly journals Climate Change as a Challenge for the Economy

VUZF Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Georgi Momchilov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

According to historical climatology, climate and climate change have always had an impact on human society. Anthropological climate change is happening fast and will indisputably affect the global economy for decades to come. This paper provides a review of the expectations of leading economists and organisations on the magnitude of this effect. It clarifies the different approaches used to quantify the future economic loss attributed to climate change. Despite the different approaches used, all the authors examined in the paper foresee a negative impact of the climate change on the global economy. The different approaches result in different predictions about the magnitude of the impact. The authors express similar positions about the geography of the damages that will be caused by the climate change. The most affected countries will be most likely those in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. A moral paradox arises that the least developed countries that are not at fault for anthropogenic climate change will have to carry the economic burden of its consequences.  The paper also suggests and compares a variety of measures that could be taken in order to adopt to and mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on the economies.

Green Sukuk, Energy Poverty, and Climate Change: A Roadmap for Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalal Aassouli ◽  
Mehmet Asutay ◽  
Mahmoud Mohieldin ◽  
Tochukwu Chiara Nwokike
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Sub Saharan

Increasing the Productivity and Profitability of Paddy through Front Line Demonstrations in Irrigated Agro Ecosystem of Kaymore Platue and Satpura Hills

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
DHANANJAI SINGH ◽  
A.K. PATEL ◽  
S.K. SINGH ◽  
M.S. BAGHEL
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices ◽  
Improved Technology

Krishi Vigyan Kendra laid down Front Line Demonstration in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12 introducing new, high yielding and scented variety “Pusa Sugandha-3” and applying scientific practices in their cultivation. The FLDs were carried out in village “Dainiha” of Sidhi district in supervision of KVK scientist. The productivity and economic returns of paddy in improved technologies were calculated and compared with the corresponding farmer's practices (local check). Improved practices recorded higher yield as compared to farmer's practices. The improved technology recorded higher yield of 30.83 q/ha and 32.65 q/ha in the year 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively than 22.13 and 24.21 q/ha. The average yield increase was observed 37.15 per cent. In spite of increase in yield of paddy, technology gap, extension gap and technology index existed. The improved technology gave higher gross return (37020 and 39180 Rs./ha), net return (16820 and 18920 Rs./ha) with higher benefit cost ratio (1.83 and 1.93) as compared to farmer's practices. The variation in per cent increase in the yield was found due to the poor management practices, lack of knowledge and poor socio economic condition. Under sustainable agricultural practices, with this study it is concluded that the FLDs programmes were effective in changing attitude, skill and knowledge of improved package and practices of HYV of paddy adoption.

Managing African Urbanization in the Context of Environmental Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaib Lwasa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
Development And Management

Africa’s urbanization rate has increased steadily over the past three decades and is reported to be faster than in any other region in the world . It is estimated that by 2030, over half of the African population will be living in urban areas . But the nature of Africa’s urbanization and subsequent form of cities is yet to be critically analyzed in the context of city authorities’ readiness to address the challenges . Evidence is also suggesting that urbanization in African countries is increasingly associated with the high economic growth that has been observed in the last two decades . Both underlying and proximate drivers are responsible for the urbanization, and these include population dynamics, economic growth, legislative designation, increasing densities in rural centers, as well as the growth of mega cities such as Lagos, Cairo and Kinshasa, that are extending to form urban corridors . With the opportunities of urbanization in Sub–Saharan Africa, there are also challenges in the development and management of these cities . Those challenges include provision of social services, sustainable economic development, housing development, urban governance, spatial development guidance and environmental management, climate change adaptation, mitigation and disaster risk reduction . The challenge involves dealing with the development and infrastructure deficit, in addition to required adaption to and mitigation of climate change . This paper examines the current state of urban management in Africa .

scholarly journals Precision Agriculture for Resource Use Efficiency in Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Cecilia M. Onyango ◽  
Justine M. Nyaga ◽  
Johanna Wetterlind ◽  
Mats Söderström ◽  
Kristin Piikki
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Sub Saharan

Opportunities exist for adoption of precision agriculture technologies in all parts of the world. The form of precision agriculture may vary from region to region depending on technologies available, knowledge levels and mindsets. The current review examined research articles in the English language on precision agriculture practices for increased productivity among smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 7715 articles were retrieved and after screening 128 were reviewed. The results indicate that a number of precision agriculture technologies have been tested under SSA conditions and show promising results. The most promising precision agriculture technologies identified were the use of soil and plant sensors for nutrient and water management, as well as use of satellite imagery, GIS and crop-soil simulation models for site-specific management. These technologies have been shown to be crucial in attainment of appropriate management strategies in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of resource use in SSA. These technologies are important in supporting sustainable agricultural development. Most of these technologies are, however, at the experimental stage, with only South Africa having applied them mainly in large-scale commercial farms. It is concluded that increased precision in input and management practices among SSA smallholder farmers can significantly improve productivity even without extra use of inputs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document