Central nervous system dysregulation extends beyond the pain-matrix network in cluster headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1383-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A Rocca ◽  
Paola Valsasina ◽  
Martina Absinta ◽  
Bruno Colombo ◽  
Valeria Barcella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Pain Matrix ◽  
Episodic Cluster Headache ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Visual Network

Introduction: In this study, we investigated whether abnormalities of the brain resting-state networks (RSNs) occur in patients with episodic cluster headache (CH), outside the attacks of the disease. Patients and methods: RS fMRI scans were acquired from 13 CH patients and 15 healthy controls. RS fMRI data were analyzed using both independent component analysis (ICA) and a seed correlation analysis, starting from the hypothalamus and the thalamus. Results: The seed correlation analysis revealed increased functional connectivity within the networks identified starting from the hypothalami and thalami in CH patients versus controls. ICA analysis detected 11 RSNs with potential functional relevance. Among these networks, CH patients had decreased fluctuations within the sensorimotor and the primary visual network compared to controls ( P-values 0.03–0.007). RSN abnormalities were significantly correlated with disease duration. Conclusions: In CH patients a diffuse abnormality of brain functional connectivity is present, which extends beyond the antinoceptive system.

The pathophysiology of episodic cluster headache: Insights from recent neuroimaging research

Cephalalgia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Chi Yang ◽  
Kun-Hsien Chou ◽  
Chen-Yuan Kuo ◽  
Yung-Yang Lin ◽  
Ching-Po Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Pain Processing ◽  
Cranial Autonomic Symptoms ◽  
Episodic Cluster Headache ◽  
Descending Pain Modulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Processing Network

Background Cluster headache is a disorder characterized by intermittent, severe unilateral head pain accompanied by cranial autonomic symptoms. Most cases of CH are episodic, manifesting as “in-bout” periods of frequent headache separated by month-to-year-long “out-of-bout” periods of remission. Previous imaging studies have implicated the hypothalamus and pain matrix in the pathogenesis of episodic CH. However, the pathophysiology driving the transition between in- and out-of-bout periods remains unclear. Methods The present study provides a narrative review of previous neuroimaging studies on the pathophysiology of episodic CH, addressing alterations in brain structures, metabolism, and structural and functional connectivity occurring between bout periods. Results Although the precise brain structures responsible for episodic CH are unknown, major roles are indicated for the posterior hypothalamus (especially in acute attacks), the pain neuromatrix with an emphasis on central descending pain modulation, and non-traditional pain processing networks including the occipital, cerebellar, and salience networks. These areas are potentially related to dynamic transitioning between in- and out-of-bout periods. Conclusion Recent progress in magnetic resonance imaging of episodic CH has provided additional insights into dynamic bout-associated structural and functional connectivity changes in the brain, especially in non-traditional pain processing network areas. These areas warrant future investigations as targets for neuromodulation in patients with CH.

Type 1 diabetes affects the brain functional connectivity underlying working memory processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geisa B. Gallardo‐Moreno ◽  
Francisco J. Alvarado‐Rodríguez ◽  
Rebeca Romo‐Vázquez ◽  
Hugo Vélez‐Pérez ◽  
Andrés A. González‐Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals The effect of fatigue on brain connectivity networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
Shangen Zhang ◽  
Jingnan Sun ◽  
Xiaorong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Parietal Region ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

In the fatigue state, the neural response characteristics of the brain might be different from those in the normal state. Brain functional connectivity analysis is an effective tool for distinguishing between different brain states. For example, comparative studies on the brain functional connectivity have the potential to reveal the functional differences in different mental states. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between human mental states and brain control abilities by analyzing the effect of fatigue on the brain response connectivity. In particular, the phase‐scrambling method was used to generate images with two noise levels, while the N‐back working memory task was used to induce the fatigue state in subjects. The paradigm of rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) was used to present visual stimuli. The analysis of brain connections in the normal and fatigue states was conducted using the open‐source eConnectome toolbox. The results demonstrated that the control areas of neural responses were mainly distributed in the parietal region in both the normal and fatigue states. Compared to the normal state, the brain connectivity power in the parietal region was significantly weakened under the fatigue state, which indicates that the control ability of the brain is reduced in the fatigue state.

scholarly journals Brain functional connectivity upon awakening from sleep predicts interindividual differences in dream recall frequency

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Vallat ◽  
Alain Nicolas ◽  
Perrine Ruby
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Dream Recall ◽  
Mental Calculation ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Sleep Inertia ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Why do some individuals recall dreams every day while others hardly ever recall one? We hypothesized that sleep inertia—the transient period following awakening associated with brain and cognitive alterations—could be a key mechanism to explain interindividual differences in dream recall at awakening. To test this hypothesis, we measured the brain functional connectivity (combined electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging) and cognition (memory and mental calculation) of high dream recallers (HR, n = 20) and low dream recallers (LR, n = 18) in the minutes following awakening from an early-afternoon nap. Resting-state scans were acquired just after or before a 2 min mental calculation task, before the nap, 5 min after awakening from the nap, and 25 min after awakening. A comic was presented to the participants before the nap with no explicit instructions to memorize it. Dream(s) and comic recall were collected after the first post-awakening scan. As expected, between-group contrasts of the functional connectivity at 5 min post-awakening revealed a pattern of enhanced connectivity in HR within the default mode network (DMN) and between regions of the DMN and regions involved in memory processes. At the behavioral level, a between-group difference was observed in dream recall, but not comic recall. Our results provide the first evidence that brain functional connectivity right after awakening is associated with interindividual trait differences in dream recall and suggest that the brain connectivity of HR at awakening facilitates the maintenance of the short-term memory of the dream during the sleep–wake transition.

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