The brain functional connectivity in the default mode network is associated with self-efficacy in young adults

Research Highlights[1] Children develop the ability to report that they do not know something at around five years of age.[2] Children who could correctly report their own ignorance in a partial-knowledge task showed thicker cortices within medial orbitofrontal cortex.[3] This region was functionally connected to parts of the default-mode network.[4] The default-mode network might support the development of correct metacognitive monitoring.AbstractMetacognition plays a pivotal role in human development. The ability to realize that we do not know something, or meta-ignorance, emerges after approximately five years of age. We aimed at identifying the brain systems that underlie the developmental emergence of this ability in a preschool sample.Twenty-four children aged between five and six years answered questions under three conditions of a meta-ignorance task twice. In the critical partial knowledge condition, an experimenter first showed two toys to a child, then announced that she would place one of them in a box behind a screen, out of sight from the child. The experimenter then asked the child whether or not she knew which toy was in the box.Children who answered correctly both times to the metacognitive question in the partial knowledge condition (n=9) showed greater cortical thickness in a cluster within left medial orbitofrontal cortex than children who did not (n=15). Further, seed-based functional connectivity analyses of the brain during resting state revealed that this region is functionally connected to the medial orbitofrontal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, and mid- and inferior temporal gyri.This finding suggests that the default mode network, critically through its prefrontal regions, supports introspective processing. It leads to the emergence of metacognitive monitoring allowing children to explicitly report their own ignorance.

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A Potential Biomarker in Sports-Related Concussion: Brain Functional Connectivity Alteration of the Default-Mode Network Measured with Longitudinal Resting-State fMRI over Thirty Days

Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1089/neu.2014.3413 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 327-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

David C. Zhu ◽

Tracey Covassin ◽

Sally Nogle ◽

Scarlett Doyle ◽

Doozie Russell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Resting State ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Default Mode ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Brain Functional Connectivity

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High-resolution functional connectivity of the default mode network in young adults with down syndrome

Brain Imaging and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s11682-020-00399-z ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine A. Koenig ◽

Lynn M. Bekris ◽

Stephen Ruedrich ◽

Grace E. Weber ◽

Maria Khrestian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

High Resolution ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Default Mode

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Brain functional connectivity and morphology changes in medication-overuse headache: Clue for dependence-related processes?

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102413519514 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 605-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

S Chanraud ◽

G Di Scala ◽

B Dilharreguy ◽

J Schoenen ◽

M Allard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Medication Overuse ◽

Medication Overuse Headache ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Default Mode ◽

Brain Functional Connectivity ◽

Gray Matter Volumes

Background Several imaging studies have identified localized anatomical and functional brain changes in medication-overuse headache (MOH). Objective The objective of this article is to evaluate whole-brain functional connectivity at rest together with voxel-based morphometry in MOH patients, in comparison with episodic migraine (EM) patients and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Anatomical MRI and resting-state functional MRI scans were obtained in MOH patients ( n = 17 and 9, respectively), EM patients ( n = 18 and 15, respectively) and HCs ( n = 17 and 17). SPM8 was used to analyze voxel-based morphometry and seed (left precuneus) to voxel connectivity data in the whole brain. Results Functional connectivity at rest was altered in MOH patients. Connectivity was decreased between precuneus and regions of the default-mode network (frontal and parietal cortices), but increased between precuneus and hippocampal/temporal areas. These functional modifications were not accompanied by significant gross morphological changes. Furthermore, connectivity between precuneus and frontal areas in MOH was negatively correlated with migraine duration and positively correlated with self-evaluation of medication dependence. Gray matter volumes of frontal regions, precuneus and hippocampus were also negatively related to migraine duration. Functional connectivity within the default-mode network appeared to predict anxiety scores of MOH patients while gray matter volumes in this network predicted their depression scores. Conclusions Our data suggest that MOH is associated with functional alterations within intrinsic brain networks rather than with macrostructural changes. They also support the view that dependence-related processes might play a prominent role in its development and maintenance.

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Shared Patterns of Brain Functional Connectivity for the Comorbidity between Migraine and Insomnia

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9101420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1420

Author(s):

Kun-Hsien Chou ◽

Chen-Yuan Kuo ◽

Chih-Sung Liang ◽

Pei-Lin Lee ◽

Chia-Kuang Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Default Mode Network ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Functional Disturbance ◽

Default Mode ◽

Postcentral Gyrus ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Brain Functional Connectivity ◽

Group Comparisons

Migraine is commonly comorbid with insomnia; both disorders are linked to functional disturbance of the default mode network (DMN). Evidence suggests that DMN could be segregated into multiple subnetworks with specific roles that underline different cognitive processes. However, the relative contributions of DMN subnetworks in the comorbidity of migraine and insomnia remain largely unknown. This study sought to identify altered functional connectivity (FC) profiles of DMN subnetworks in the comorbidity of migraine and insomnia. Direct group comparisons with healthy controls, followed by conjunction analyses, were used to identify shared FC alterations of DMN subnetworks. The shared FC changes of the DMN subnetworks in the migraine and insomnia groups were identified in the dorsomedial prefrontal and posteromedial cortex subnetworks. These shared FC changes were primarily associated with motor and somatosensory systems, and consistently found in patients with comorbid migraine and insomnia. Additionally, the magnitude of FC between the posteromedial cortex and postcentral gyrus correlated with insomnia duration in patients with comorbid migraine and insomnia. Our findings point to specific FC alterations of the DMN subnetwork in migraine and insomnia. The shared patterns of FC disturbance may be associated with the underlying mechanisms of the comorbidity of the two disorders.

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Increased Within-Network Functional Connectivity May Predict NEDA Status in Fingolimod-Treated MS Patients

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.632917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Piervincenzi ◽

Nikolaos Petsas ◽

Laura De Giglio ◽

Maurizio Carmellini ◽

Costanza Giannì ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Default Mode ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Functional Reorganization ◽

Brain Functional Connectivity ◽

The Brain

Only a few studies have evaluated the brain functional changes associated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS), though none used a composite measure of clinical and MRI outcomes to evaluate DMT-related brain functional connectivity (FC) measures predictive of short-term outcome. Therefore, we investigated the following: (1) baseline FC differences between patients who showed evidence of disease activity after a specific DMT and those who did not; (2) DMT-related effects on FC, and; (3) possible relationships between DMT-related FC changes and changes in performance. We used a previously analyzed dataset of 30 relapsing MS patients who underwent fingolimod treatment for 6 months and applied the “no evidence of disease activity” (NEDA-3) status as a clinical response indicator of treatment efficacy. Resting-state fMRI data were analyzed to obtain within- and between-network FC measures. After therapy, 14 patients achieved NEDA-3 status (hereinafter NEDA), while 16 did not (EDA). The two groups significantly differed at baseline, with the NEDA group having higher within-network FC in the anterior and posterior default mode, auditory, orbitofrontal, and right frontoparietal networks than the EDA. After therapy, NEDA showed significantly reduced within-network FC in the posterior default mode and left frontoparietal networks and increased between-network FC in the posterior default mode/orbitofrontal networks; they also showed PASAT improvement, which was correlated with greater within-network FC decrease in the posterior default mode network and with greater between-network FC increase. No significant longitudinal FC changes were found in the EDA. Taken together, these findings suggest that NEDA status after fingolimod is related to higher within-network FC at baseline and to a consistent functional reorganization after therapy.

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