Field Testing of Intrusion Detection Technologies for High-Speed Rail Crossings

2005 ◽  
Vol 1918 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Ron Blacketer ◽  
J. R. Zaworski ◽  
K. M. Hunter-Zaworski
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Detection Technologies

High-speed passenger rail is becoming a more common form of mass transit. A concern when high-speed rail systems are implemented is the provision of intrusion detection at rail crossings. High-speed rail equipment is lighter and faster than traditional rail equipment, and even small objects can damage or derail it. The goal of this project was to field-test two intrusion detection technologies–-a video detection system and a microwave detection system–-and determine whether they could effectively be used for intrusion detection at rail crossings. The tests used objects of varying size, color, and material composition to serve as intruders. The detection systems used were chosen as a result of several previously performed laboratory studies that suggested that both systems, though designed to detect automobiles and pedestrians, could meet the specified requirements. Field testing, however, showed that the performance level of both systems was lower than expected. Therefore, the conclusion was drawn that the technologies would require much testing and refinement before either could be implemented as a stand-alone rail crossing intrusion detection system. This report describes the field testing that was done to evaluate these systems. It includes a description of the detection systems, the test methods and results, and conclusions about the viability of these technologies for this particular application.

The Future Roles for Tracked Levitated Vehicle Systems

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Large Investment

The future roles for tracked levitated vehicle (TLV) systems are identified in the context of comparison with improved passenger rail systems and short haul air systems. These new TLV systems, anticipated to be available for operational use in the 1980’s, will be capable of cruise speeds to about 300 mph, compared to 150–170 mph for high speed rail. The paper concludes that, when developed, TLV will be better than the best rail. Because of its higher speed, travel times will be shorter and operational costs per seat mile will be lower. Higher speed results in lower operating costs because it increases vehicle productivity in terms of seat-miles generated per hour. The relative preference between TLV and air systems depends on both ridership density and trip distance. TLV has much higher fixed costs than air because of the large investment in guideway and other infrastructure, so that TLV requires a larger ridership if fixed costs per passenger are to be reasonable. In operations, however, air systems lose much more time in terminal (airport) stops than TLV systems, which penalizes total trip time and vehicle productivity, especially for short trip distances. Thus air system operating costs are substantially higher than those of TLV systems for short trips. The net result is a general preference for TLV systems when ridership densities are high and trip distances are below 300–400 miles, and a preference for air systems at lower ridership densities or for longer trips. Air is distinctly superior beyond 500 miles.

Measuring Concrete Crosstie Rail Seat Pressure Distribution With Matrix Based Tactile Surface Sensors

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Rapp ◽  
J. Riley Edwards ◽  
Marcus S. Dersch ◽  
Christopher P. L. Barkan ◽  
Jose Mediavilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
System Component ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Increased Strength

A sustained increase in gross rail loads and cumulative freight tonnages, as well as increased interest in high and higher-speed passenger rail development in the United States, is placing an increasing demand on railway infrastructure. According to a railway industry survey conducted by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), rail seat deterioration (RSD) was identified as one of the primary factors limiting concrete crosstie service life. Therefore, it can be seen that there is a need for infrastructure components with increased strength, durability, and ability to maintain the tighter geometric track tolerances under demanding loading conditions. Researchers have hypothesized that localized crushing of the concrete rail seat is one of five potential mechanisms that contribute to RSD. Therefore, to better understand this mechanism, UIUC is utilizing a matrix based tactile surface sensor (MBTSS) to quantify the forces acting at the interface between the bottom of the rail pad and the concrete tie rail seat. The MBTSS measures the forces and distribution of pressure as a load is applied to the rail seat. Preliminary laboratory testing has shown that higher modulus rail pads distribute forces poorer than lower modulus rail pads, leading to localized areas with high contact pressure and a higher probability of crushing. Testing has also shown that as the lateral/vertical (L/V) force ratio increases, the pressure on the field side of the rail seat also increases, possibly accelerating RSD. The objective of future field testing is to be able to validate the assumptions made from this preliminary laboratory data. Data collected and analyzed throughout this research project will provide valuable insight into developing future concrete crosstie and fastening system component designs that meet the operational and loading demands of high speed rail and joint passenger/freight corridors.

Intrusion Detection Systems Alerts Reduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymen Akremi ◽  
Hassen Sallay ◽  
Mohsen Rouached
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Rules Set ◽  
Intrusion Alerts

Investigators search usually for any kind of events related directly to an investigation case to both limit the search space and propose new hypotheses about the suspect. Intrusion detection system (IDS) provide relevant information to the forensics experts since it detects the attacks and gathers automatically several pertinent features of the network in the attack moment. Thus, IDS should be very effective in term of detection accuracy of new unknown attacks signatures, and without generating huge number of false alerts in high speed networks. This tradeoff between keeping high detection accuracy without generating false alerts is today a big challenge. As an effort to deal with false alerts generation, the authors propose new intrusion alert classifier, named Alert Miner (AM), to classify efficiently in near real-time the intrusion alerts in HSN. AM uses an outlier detection technique based on an adaptive deduced association rules set to classify the alerts automatically and without human assistance.

scholarly journals Flow-based anomaly intrusion detection system using two neural network stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Abuadlla ◽  
Goran Kvascev ◽  
Slavko Gajin ◽  
Zoran Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Network Traffic ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Detection Systems

Computer systems and networks suffer due to rapid increase of attacks, and in order to keep them safe from malicious activities or policy violations, there is need for effective security monitoring systems, such as Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Many researchers concentrate their efforts on this area using different approaches to build reliable intrusion detection systems. Flow-based intrusion detection systems are one of these approaches that rely on aggregated flow statistics of network traffic. Their main advantages are host independence and usability on high speed networks, since the metrics may be collected by network device hardware or standalone probes. In this paper, an intrusion detection system using two neural network stages based on flow-data is proposed for detecting and classifying attacks in network traffic. The first stage detects significant changes in the traffic that could be a potential attack, while the second stage defines if there is a known attack and in that case classifies the type of attack. The first stage is crucial for selecting time windows where attacks, known or unknown, are more probable. Two different neural network structures have been used, multilayer and radial basis function networks, with the objective to compare performance, memory consumption and the time required for network training. The experimental results demonstrate that the designed models are promising in terms of accuracy and computational time, with low probability of false alarms.

scholarly journals Approaches for improving the performance of snort Intrusion Detection Systems

2012 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
V.P. Kshirsagar ◽  
S.S. Vishnu ◽  
S.M. Tidke
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Intrusion Detection Systems ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Rule Based System

The process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network and analyzing them for sign of intrusions is known as intrusion detection systems (IDS).In this paper the architecture of the snort which is an open source Intrusion detection system is explained. It is a rule based system hence the structure of the rule is also explained. But to match with the high speed of network traffic the performance of the SNORT need to be improved hence the various methods has been developed three of them are reviewed here which are Rules Matching Algorithm Based on Dynamic Adjustment, NAPI and LASSP.

Customers' Reactions to the Introduction of High-Speed Rail Service

2005 ◽  
Vol 1916 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Sunduck Daniel Suh ◽  
Keun-Yul Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Rail Service ◽  
Rail Travel

Korean Train Express (KTX) of South Korea introduced high-speed commercial rail service on April 1, 2004. It currently has two lines covering 661.1 km (413.2 mi), and its trains achieve speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph). KTX's offering represents the first phase of a scheduled two-phase introduction due to be completed in 2010. This paper documents the service changes of external transportation operators during the first 3 months of KTX operation and details the initial reactions of KTX customers. KTX reduced rail travel time between major cities by almost half. By offering 128 daily services, it increased seat supply by 33% among the major cities and increased revenue by nearly 100% for the Seoul–Busan line, as compared with the same April–June period the previous year. KTX achieved one million passengers in 14 days and 10 million passengers in 142 days of operation. Although these numbers are significant, they represent only about half the demand forecasted. Three major causes of this discrepancy are an inability to provide fully implemented KTX services, low Korean economic activity, and a degraded level of service on conventional passenger rail systems. The expected service level of passengers and the initial marketing strategies used appear to have negatively affected the successful introduction of KTX. However, demand trends show continued increases after the initial response. As a whole, KTX strengthened the viability of Korean rail travel and is expected to contribute to the building of a more balanced national transportation system.

Efficient Intrusion Detection for High-Speed Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 263-266 ◽  
pp. 2915-2919
Author(s):  
Gao Long Ma ◽  
Wen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
High Speed Networks ◽  
Network Intrusion ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Rule Sets

With the great increasing of high-speed networks,the traditional network intrusion detection system(NIDS) has a serious problem with handling heavy traffic loads in real-time ,which may result in packets loss and error detection . In this paper we will introduce the efficient load balancing scheme into NIDS and improve rule sets of the detection engine so as to make NIDS more suitable to high-speed networks environment.

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