scholarly journals Chemical Frost Protection of Road Surfaces: A Laboratory Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Janne Siren Fjærestad ◽  
Alex Klein-Paste ◽  
Johan Wåhlin
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Frost Formation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Protection Time ◽  
Ice Fraction

Anti-icing chemicals are commonly used to protect against hoar frost formation on roadways and bridges. Because of their negative impact on both environment and infrastructure, their use should be optimized. During conditions for hoar frost formation, this means that good knowledge is needed about when it is necessary to apply chemicals, and the corresponding protection time. A laboratory setup has been used to study the freezing process for a salted road surface during conditions for hoar frost formation, and a description of the process is given. It has been observed that freezing starts in the top layer of the applied solution, indicating the occurrence of a concentration gradient owing to accumulation of water molecules in the top layer. A British pendulum was used to simulate the mechanical load of traffic. The pendulum successfully destroyed the ice up to a certain ice fraction. This ice fraction was seen to depend on the amount of salt solution applied to the test sample. Finally, it has been illustrated how the maximum ice fraction can be used to calculate the amount of water allowed to be added to the road surface, and estimates of the protection time are given.

Assessing the wear characteristics of aggregate exposed at the road surface

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
A. R. Woodside ◽  
W. D. H. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Density Correction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rock Types

AbstractThis paper considers the assessment of highway surfacing aggregate wear using the Aggregate Abrasion Value and micro-Deval test methods. Their historical development is discussed. The influence of test sample preparation and number of chippings assessed is compared. Data for both methods are presented for a range of rock types. Dry, wet and soaked versions of the micro-Deval test are compared. The use of a density correction to modify the micro-Deval test value is proposed. The ability of the Aggregate Abrasion Value and micro-Deval test methods to assess heterogeneous aggregates is assessed.

Investigation of the Effect of Reducing the Thickness of Road Surfacing Layers Within the Tolerance Limits on the Reliability and Durability of Highways

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
С. В. Гошовец
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement

Состояние проблемы. Считается, что уменьшение толщины слоя в пределах допуска не оказывает существенного влияния на надежность и долговечность дорожной одежды. Так как конструкция дорожной одежды, как правило, состоит из нескольких слоев, можно предположить, что занижение толщины слоев в пределах допуска может оказать негативное влияние на прочность конструкции в целом. Применительно к отечественным нормам проектирования и строительства данное предположение остается не изученным. Результаты. Проведен анализ показателей, характеризующих толщину слоя, и практик назначения строительных допусков. Проанализированы исследования влияния допуска на надежность дорожной одежды и рекомендации по корректировке толщины слоев конструкции под влиянием допусков. Выполнены моделирование и расчет конструкций с учетом допусков. Выводы. Полученные результаты подтвердили предположение о том, что уменьшение толщины слоев дорожной одежды в пределах допусков негативно влияет на все критерии прочности. Предложено решение по устранению несогласованности между строительными допусками и нормами проектирования. Statement of the problem. Reducing the layer thickness within the tolerance is considered not to have a significant effect on the reliability and durability of the road surface structure. Since the construction of roadways usually consists of several layers, the assumption that understating the thickness of the layers within the tolerance can have a negative impact on the overall strength of the structure is not unreasonable. In relation to the domestic standards for the design and construction of this assumption has not yet been studied. Results. The analysis of indicators characterizing the layer thickness and practices for the purpose of construction tolerances, analysis of recommendations in the design standards for correcting the thickness of the layers of the structure due to the influence of tolerances, studies of the influence of tolerance on the reliability of road pavement, modeling and calculation of structures with allowances, suggestions are provided. Conclusions. The results confirmed the assumption that reducing the thickness of road surface layers within the tolerance limits negatively affects all the strength criteria. We have proposed a solution in order to eliminate inconsistencies between construction tolerances and design standards.

scholarly journals Influence of traffic flow intensity on environmental noise pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Maksym Kaleniuk ◽  
◽  
Oleg Furman ◽  
Taras Postranskyy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Common Source ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Network Speed

The modern urban environment, with the development of industry, the growth of the vehicle's number on the roads, and the increase in the density of buildings, is increasingly capable of negatively affect the health and well-being of the city's population. Among the factors influencing the environment is noise pollution, namely man-made noise - unwanted and harmful sounds created as a result of human activities. Today, noise is one of the most common factors of pollution among all others. The most common source of noise pollution is transport, including cars and trucks, buses, railways, airplanes, etc. The negative phenomenon of traffic noise is that almost everyone is greatly affected. This can often be accompanied by other harmful factors, such as vibration. According to scientific researches, noise can cause irritation under constant acoustic exposure. As a result, there are sleep disorders, decreased mental capacity, and the development of stress, and stress development in humans. Traffic noise is created from the operation of engines, the friction of wheels with the road surface, brakes, and aerodynamic features of vehicles, etc. In general, the level of traffic noise depends on such basic indicators as the intensity, speed, and composition of the traffic flow. Therefore, an important task is the study of traffic noise, its measurement, the establishment of appropriate dependencies, and further evaluation of the results. Knowing the level of noise generated by vehicles, further measures to reduce it are possible, such as redistribution of traffic flows on the road network, speed limits, improving the quality of the road surface, the use of basic means of reducing noise pollution, the use of noise protection devices, etc. Based on this, the negative impact of this phenomenon on the human body and the environment, in general, can be reduced.

Tire-Road Interactions — Harmony or Conflict?

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-84
Author(s):  
A. R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Tire Wear

Abstract This is a summary of work by the author and his colleagues, as well as by others reported in the literature, that demonstrate a need for considering a vehicle, its tires, and the road surface as a system. The central theme is interaction at the footprint, especially that of truck tires. Individual and interactive effects of road and tires are considered under the major topics of road aggregate (macroscopic and microscopic properties), development of a novel road surface, safety, noise, rolling resistance, riding comfort, water drainage by both road and tire, development of tire tread compounds and a proving ground, and influence of tire wear on wet traction. A general conclusion is that road surfaces have both the major effect and the greater potential for improvement.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

scholarly journals CNN-Based Road-Surface Crack Detection Model That Responds to Brightness Changes

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1402
Author(s):  
Taehee Lee ◽  
Yeohwan Yoon ◽  
Chanjun Chun ◽  
Seungki Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Crack ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Image Brightness ◽  
The Road ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Models

Poor road-surface conditions pose a significant safety risk to vehicle operation, especially in the case of autonomous vehicles. Hence, maintenance of road surfaces will become even more important in the future. With the development of deep learning-based computer image processing technology, artificial intelligence models that evaluate road conditions are being actively researched. However, as the lighting conditions of the road surface vary depending on the weather, the model performance may degrade for an image whose brightness falls outside the range of the learned image, even for the same road. In this study, a semantic segmentation model with an autoencoder structure was developed for detecting road surface along with a CNN-based image preprocessing model. This setup ensures better road-surface crack detection by adjusting the image brightness before it is input into the road-crack detection model. When the preprocessing model was applied, the road-crack segmentation model exhibited consistent performance even under varying brightness values.

scholarly journals Laboratory experiment on the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of road surface oil pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 922-933
Author(s):  
Qing’e Wang ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Huanan Yu ◽  
Luwei Zhao ◽  
Xuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Degradation Effect

AbstractOil leak from vehicles is one of the most common pollution types of the road. The spilled oil could be retained on the surface and spread in the air voids of the road, which results in a decrease in the friction coefficient of the road, affects driving safety, and causes damage to pavement materials over time. Photocatalytic degradation through nano-TiO2 is a safe, long-lasting, and sustainable technology among the many methods for treating oil contamination on road surfaces. In this study, the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of road surface oil pollution was evaluated through the lab experiment. First, a glass dish was used as a substrate to determine the basic working condition of the test; then, a test method considering the impact of different oil erosion degrees was proposed to eliminate the effect of oil erosion on asphalt pavement and leakage on cement pavement, which led to the development of a lab test method for the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of oil pollution on different road surfaces.

scholarly journals Effects of Speeds and Weights of Travelling Vehicles on the Road Surface Temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 100077
Author(s):  
Samim Mustafa ◽  
Hidehiko Sekiya ◽  
Aya Hamajima ◽  
Iwao Maeda ◽  
Shuichi Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surface Temperature ◽  
On The Road

Assessment of roadability and stability of a vehicle movement on the bend

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
The Road ◽  
Inertial Moment ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Computer Imitation ◽  
Vehicle Movement

The paper presents the mathematical model and the technique of computer imitation of a vehicle movement on bend. Research of roadability and stability of the truck and the schedules illustrating change of characteristics of the steered movement have been obtained. The critical modes of the movement causing separation of wheels from road surface and side slippage have been defined. Speed limit of the steered movement on trajectory of the set curvature have been determined. Keywords vehicle, wheel, cross and longitudinal reactions of the road, inertia force, inertial moment, trajectory of a vehicle movement, angles of withdrawal of wheels, spring weight angle of heel, side slippage, vehicle drift

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