Simulating Passenger Evacuation in Railway Station under Fire Emergency using Safe Zone Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 806-812
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Salarian ◽  
Aida Mashhadizadeh ◽  
Morteza Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The City ◽  
Safe Zones

Railway stations are usually considered to be one of the main gathering centers of the city; thus, in the event of any incident, there will be significant casualties. The purpose of this study is to simulate strategies for reducing the evacuation time of the railway station in the event of fire using a safe zone approach with simulation software. To reduce the evacuation time, 18 scenarios were introduced and simulated according to (1) number of gates and exit doors, (2) width of the gates, (3) obstacles, (4) priority of the exit doors, and (5) safe zone. The results show that the best evacuation time occurs by increasing the number of exit doors from two to four and considering a safe zone simultaneously; the evacuation time is reduced by 7 min and 19 s. Using safe zones for emergency evacuation has a significant role in reducing evacuation time and improving service levels. Interestingly, the removal of gates and obstacles would increase the evacuation time of passengers. The proposed model could be used for renovating existing railway stations to decrease the consequences of accidents such as fire.

scholarly journals 15-Min Station: A Case Study in North Italy City to Evaluate the Livability of an Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10246
Author(s):  
Fabio Borghetti ◽  
Cristian Giovanni Colombo ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Renato Mazzoncini ◽  
Leonardo Cesarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Railway System ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

The goal of this work is to apply the idea of the city in 15 min to railway stations that can become the starting point of the analysis as they represent the “gateway”, where users start their last mile of travel after getting off the train. Within the research, 11 railway stations located in the Lombardy Region in Italy were identified and analyzed. To perform the analysis, an analytical index was implemented and determined for each station: this index summarizes the main features of the station itself in relation to the territory in which it is located. The adopted approach is comparative: it is not important the absolute value of the index of each station, but the comparison between the different indices. In this way it is possible on the one hand to classify the stations and on the other hand to identify and propose possible interventions to improve the role of a railway station in a territory. The proposed model is expandable and replicable: it is possible to add other useful indicators for the calculation of the index of each station and it is also possible to perform the analysis in different territorial contexts. In fact, it is a decision support tool able to provide indications and information for the planning and programming of the railway system and of the city; among the potential users of the proposed model there are railway station managers and administrations.

scholarly journals PERSISTÊNCIA NO ESPAÇO URBANO DOS EDIFÍCIOS DA DÉCADA DE 1940 EM PRESIDENTE PRUDENTE-SP - A ESTAÇÃO FERROVIÁRIA: INVENTÁRIO E SALVAGUARDA

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Aviter Bordinhon Ribeira
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
The City ◽  
Modern Building

The objective of this study is to conduct an investigation about architectural heritage of Presidente Prudente. The study approaches about the building of the railway station from the 1940s, features art-deco and protomoderno, which still remains in the city space.The first building was inaugurated in 1926 and it had to be demolished, because, a newstation, bigger and more modern building would be built at the same place; it was inaugurated in 1944. Disabling the railway in Brazil generated the abandonment and/or changed the functionality of the railway stations.;in the case of Presidente Prudente it has housed the Procon Foundation and SEMST, whose building has undergone modifications and changes to accord new uses. Therefore, the research developed the inventory of the Railway Station ranging from historical documentation, photographic surveys, architectural-metric and also the diagnosis of their current condition.

scholarly journals Real-Time Track Reallocation for Emergency Incidents at Large Railway Stations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Xiaoning Zhu ◽  
Liujiang Kang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Mathematical Programming Model ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Transport Plan ◽  
Annealing Algorithm

After track capacity breakdowns at a railway station, train dispatchers need to generate appropriate track reallocation plans to recover the impacted train schedule and minimize the expected total train delay time under stochastic scenarios. This paper focuses on the real-time track reallocation problem when tracks break down at large railway stations. To represent these cases, virtual trains are introduced and activated to occupy the accident tracks. A mathematical programming model is developed, which aims at minimizing the total occupation time of station bottleneck sections to avoid train delays. In addition, a hybrid algorithm between the genetic algorithm and the simulated annealing algorithm is designed. The case study from the Baoji railway station in China verifies the efficiency of the proposed model and the algorithm. Numerical results indicate that, during a daily and shift transport plan from 8:00 to 8:30, if five tracks break down simultaneously, this will disturb train schedules (result in train arrival and departure delays).

scholarly journals Russian Metropolitan Railway Stations as Historical Architectural Masterpieces

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Human Relations ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

According to the author of the article, the appearance of the first railway stations immediately became the most striking image of the time. The history of the architecture of Russian railway stations begins at the same time when the first railway in Russia was built connecting St. Petersburg to Pavlovsk. Previously existing post stations and the so-called road imperial palaces served prototypes for railway stations.The railway station is, first, a story in which both the most interesting architectural and social plots collide. The railway station offers passengers the most vivid images of our time. The architects who designed the first railway stations had to solve problems that no one had ever encountered before: to cover train sheds by a roof, to design platforms, lighting, ventilation, acoustics... All this made the railway station the most technically enriched architectural genre of its time. And in this sense, the railway station architecture is a very interesting plot, in which everything changes very quickly and where all human relations are very aggravated. Therefore, the railway station is a condensed replica of society. Therefore, at the railway station, you can always very clearly see how society is organised. For example, at imperial railway stations, division of passengers per travel classes was obvious and inherent in the architectural program itself. The imperial pavilions, the imperial rooms also make part of the story... The railway station is, first, an image of modernity, mobility and a history of boundaries between the country and the city. This is especially interesting in the case of metropolitan railway stations. 

scholarly journals Railway and railway station as urbanistic concepts in works of S. Zhadan

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
Urban Place ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the important subject of modern cultural study – to the studying of meanings of the urban terms «railway» and «railway station» in fiction. The research is interdisciplinary, because it’s based on the idea of the death of author by famous literary critic and thorist roland barthes. Moreover, the article engages in discussion of the problem historians, philosophers and other humanities. Such approach allows overflow the traditional biographical analyze and interline the works of the author in wider context. The resources of the article are the fiction by famous ukrainian writer serhiy zhadan, which was written during last 25 years. For the analyze were used not only prose, but poems and even songs. Fiction by s. Zhadan was chosen for research because the narrative created by him can be called popular among the different groups of peoples, and then it can be called the depository of collective meanings. Besides this, we need to stress, that in the article the research of the meanings articulated by author was analyzed not through his biography but through the general discourse, which – according to r. Barthes – is described in the fiction of writer. That is why the author’s narrative, which is conditioned by discourse, transformed into the vocabulary of common meanings of society, who create this discourse. During the work on the article the next meanings of the concept «railway» was stressed: the point of the begin and the end, the place of transit, the special place as «the city in the city», the element, which changes urban place around it and gives it new associations. The «railway station» as a concept is understanding in literature as the process of travelling, it symbolized the moving and transferring states of subject (as individual, and as collective). The meanings which were find were comparable with the architectural view of the ukrainian railway stations and with this how the appearance of railway and railway station changed the urban logic of city. Due to this comparable the several practice ideas about the place of railway in urban space were found.

Agent-based modeling of emergency evacuation in a railway station square under sarin terrorist attack

2016 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ma ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
Sihang Qiu ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Xiaogang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Evacuation Modeling ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Path Planning Algorithm ◽  
Support Decision Making

Evacuation modeling is a promising measure to support decision making in scenarios such as flooding, explosion, terrorist attack and other emergency incidents. Given the special attention to the terrorist attack, we build up an agent-based evacuation model in a railway station square under sarin terrorist attack to analyze such incident. Sarin dispersion process is described by Gaussian puff model. Due to sarin’s special properties of being colorless and odorless, we focus more on the modeling of agents’ perceiving and reasoning process and use a Belief, Desire, Intention (BDI) architecture to solve the problem. Another contribution of our work is that we put forward a path planning algorithm which not only take distance but also comfort and threat factors into consideration. A series of simulation experiments demonstrate the ability of the proposed model and examine some crucial factors in sarin terrorist attack evacuation. Though far from perfect, the proposed model could serve to support decision making.

The Optimization Study of Passengers Stop Security in Railway Station

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 3306-3309
Author(s):  
Jia Juan Chen ◽  
Bo Wen Yu ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Line ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Rational Allocation ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
System Layout

With the growth of railway passenger flow, the demanding of travel safety continues to increase. The optimization of security systems is vital for the safety of the passengers. Scientific and rational allocation of railway stations security equipment for achieving effective security upgrade is of great significance. In this paper, we modeling and simulating using Beijing Railway Station by Flexsim simulation software. We analysis the passenger entering flow line, the number of security equipment, the security system layout, the security level, which obtain the optimal solutions by simulation. We provide a scientific number and a rational arrangement of security equipment program under different circumstances for Beijing Railway Station.

Comparison of the Evacuation Softwares in the Applications of the Railway Station

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1847-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yu Chen ◽  
Shou Xiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Transportation System ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

With more and more railway stations constructed as well as the development of rail transportation system, the safety of the occupants in railway station has drawn people's attention. This paper adopts FDS+Evac and buildingEXODUS to simulate the evacuation of Hefei south railway station, By comparing the results produced by the two softwares and analyzing the individual characters of the two softwares, we get that the evacuation time of the two simulations produced by the two softwares are very close, while occupants' selection of exits, number of occupants through the same exits and the evacuation routes in the two simulations are different. Besides, buildingEXODUS can save more computation sources and time and is easier and convenient to debug.What's more, the place and the time of the congestion exist in the two simulations are also different.

scholarly journals Improved Modeling of a Multi-Level Inverter for TACS to Reduce Computational Time and Improve Accuracy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Sung-An Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Electrical Model ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Switching Operation ◽  
Air Compressor ◽  
Power Semiconductors ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Multi Level

A modeling of a turbo air compressor system (TACS), with a multi-level inverter for driving variable speed, combining an electrical model of an electric motor drive system (EMDS) and a mechanical model of a turbo air compressor, is essential to accurately analyze dynamics characteristics. Compared to the mechanical model, the electrical model has a short sampling time due to the high frequency switching operation of the numerous power semiconductors inside the multi-level inverter. This causes the problem of increased computational time for dynamic characteristics analysis of TACS. To solve this problem, the conventional model of the multi-level inverter has been proposed to simplify the switching operation of the power semiconductors, however it has low accuracy because it does not consider pulse width modulation (PWM) operation. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved modeling of the multi-level inverter for TACS to reduce computational time and improve the accuracy of electrical and mechanical responses. In order to verify the reduced computational time of the proposed model, the conventional model using the simplified model is compared and analyzed using an electronic circuit simulation software PSIM. Then, the improved accuracy of the proposed model is verified by comparison with the experimental results.

scholarly journals Accuracy of cup placement in total hip arthroplasty by means of a mechanical positioning device: a comprehensive cadaveric 3d analysis of 16 specimens

2019 ◽  
pp. 112070001987482
Author(s):  
Arthur J Kievit ◽  
Johannes G G Dobbe ◽  
Wouter H Mallee ◽  
Leendert Blankevoort ◽  
Geert J Streekstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Safe Zone ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Anterior Pelvic Plane ◽  
Mechanical Device ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Anteversion Angle ◽  
Positioning Device ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Safe Zones

Introduction: We tested whether a mechanical device (such as Hipsecure) to pinpoint the anterior pelvic plane (APP) as a guide can improve acetabular cup placement. To assess accuracy we asked: (1) is the APP an effective guide to position acetabular cup placement within acceptable ° of divergence from the optimal 40° inclination and 15° anteversion; (2) could a mechanical device increase the number of acetabular cup placements within Lewinnek’s safe zone (i.e. inclination 30° to 50°; anteversion 5° to 25°)? Methods: 16 cadaveric specimens were used to assess the 3D surgical success of using a mechanical device APP to guide acetabular cup placement along the APP. We used the Hipsecure mechanical device to implant acetabular cups at 40° inclination and 15° anteversion. Subequently, all cadaveric specimens with implants were scanned with a CT and 3D models were created of the pelvis and acetabular cups to assess the outcome in terms of Lewinnek’s safe zones. Results: The mean inclination of the 16 implants was 40.6° (95% CI, 37.7–43.4) and the mean anteversion angle was 13.4° (95% CI, 10.7–16.1). All 16 cup placements were within Lewinnek’s safe zone for inclination (between 30° and 50°) and all but 2 were within Lewinnek’s safe zone for anteversion (between 5° and 25°). Conclusion: In cadaveric specimens, the use of a mechanical device and the APP as a guide for acetabular cup placement resulted in good positioning with respect to both of Lewinnek’s safe zones.

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