Mitigating Increased Driving after the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis on Mode Share, Travel Demand, and Public Transport Capacity

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110378
Author(s):  
Francesca Ciuffini ◽  
Simone Tengattini ◽  
Alexander York Bigazzi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Transit Capacity ◽  
Mode Share

Reduced transit capacity to accommodate social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic was a sudden constraint that along with a large reduction in total travel volume and a shift in activity patterns contributed to abrupt changes in transportation mode shares across cities worldwide. There are major concerns that as the total travel demand rises back toward prepandemic levels, the overall transport system capacity with transit constraints will be insufficient for the increasing demand. This paper uses city-level scenario analysis to examine the potential increase in post-COVID-19 car use and the feasibility of shifting to active transportation, based on prepandemic mode shares and varying levels of reduction in transit capacity. An application of the analysis to a sample of cities in Europe and North America is presented. Mitigating an increase in driving requires a substantial increase in active transportation mode share, particularly in cities with high pre-COVID-19 transit ridership; however, such a shift may be possible based on the high percentage of short-distance motorized trips. The results highlight the importance of making active transportation attractive and reinforce the value of multimodal transportation systems as a strategy for urban resilience. This paper provides a strategic planning tool for policy makers facing challenging transportation system decisions in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Analytical Model for Paratransit Capacity and Quality-of-Service Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 1841 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Fu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Transit Capacity

An analytical model could potentially be used by paratransit service planners to predict fleet requirements, system capacity, and quality-of-service measures for specific operating conditions. The model has a sound theoretical origin and was calibrated using data from a large number of simulated cases representing a wide range of operating conditions and quality of service. This model was shown to have a strong explanatory power, capable of capturing the complex relationship between fleet size, travel demand, quality-of-service measures, and other operating condition variables. With this model, analytical procedures similar to those provided in the Highway Capacity Manual and the Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual for other transportation facilities and services could be developed for paratransit systems.

Travel to Work Patterns of Low-income People in Urban Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adzlia N.N.A. Rahman ◽  
Zaharah M.Yusoff ◽  
Dasimah Omar ◽  
Intan S. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
Analytical Result

Intensifying numbers of travel demand draws problem to sustainable transport system because of poor facilities, services, frequency and punctuality due to lack of decent planning and design. Increasing numbers of the vehicle ownership has developed the road networks insufficient that leads to congestions. The issues of travel characteristics chosen by the people to their employment area that will show the travel pattern is the core point in this research. The research methodology consist of the interview sessions to the authorise personals and from the distribution of questionnaire survey forms to the resident of low-cost housing areas in Melaka Tengah District in Malaysia. Then data collected were processed using Social Package Statistical Software (SPSS) to show analytical result. This process will displayed the respondent’s travel characteristics and determine their preference in transportation mode to the employment area. Analytical result showed that the impacts from more than half of the respondents choose to travel by car as transportation mode to working area will come to consequences of traffic condition which lead to congested road. These findings will further help bringing in improvement to existing routes and public transportation systems so it will be optimally utilised for a better daily commute. 

scholarly journals Association of Physical Activity and Sitting Time with Overweight/Obesity in Chinese Occupational Populations

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fan Yuan ◽  
Weiyan Gong ◽  
Caicui Ding ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Ganyu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Female Employees

<b><i>Abstract:</i></b> The aim of this study was to explore association of physical activity and sitting time with overweight/obesity in Chinese occupational populations for the development of intervention and prevention strategies for obesity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 23,112 participants were selected from the 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS). A logistics regression model was used to examine the associations of physical activity and sitting time with overweight/obesity by gender after adjusting for age, educational level, marital status, and family economic level. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of overweight/obesity based on the WHO definition and the WGOC definition was 30.8% and 41.3%, respectively. Male employees with moderate and heavy occupation activity intensity had a lower risk for overweight/obesity than those with light occupation activity intensity (moderate: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98; heavy: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.86), and the risk of overweight/obesity of male employees with long work-time spent sitting was higher than those with short work-time spent sitting (2–4.9 h/day: OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14–1.40; ≥5 h/day: OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15–1.44). The risk of overweight/obesity of male employees with active transportation mode was lower than those with inactive transportation mode (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99), while the risk of overweight/obesity of female employees with active transportation mode was higher (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25). Female employees with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for ≥150 min/week had lower risk of overweight/obesity than those with LTPA for &#x3c;150 min/week (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56–0.84). There was no significant association of leisure-time sitting and housework time with overweight/obesity in Chinese occupational populations. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Occupation activity intensity, LTPA, transportation mode, and work sitting time were associated with overweight/obesity. Reducing work sitting time, moderate and heavy occupation activity intensity, and an active transportation mode could help male employees decrease the risk of overweight/obesity. Increasing leisure-time physical activity could reduce the risk of overweight/obesity in women. Our findings provided insight into the association of physical activity and sitting time with overweight/obesity. It will be necessary to carry out workplace-based interventions, have an active transportation mode, and increase leisure-time physical activity to decrease the risks of overweight/obesity.

Examining the Equity Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles: A Travel Demand Model Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Cohn ◽  
Richard Ezike ◽  
Jeremy Martin ◽  
Kwasi Donkor ◽  
Matthew Ridgway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Travel Demand Model

As investments in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology continue to grow, agencies are beginning to consider how AVs will affect travel behavior within their jurisdictions and how to respond to this new mobility technology. Different autonomous futures could reduce, perpetuate, or exacerbate existing transportation inequities. This paper presents a regional travel demand model used to quantify how transportation outcomes may differ for disadvantaged populations in the Washington, D.C. area under a variety of future scenarios. Transportation performance measures examined included job accessibility, trip duration, trip distance, mode share, and vehicle miles traveled. The model evaluated changes in these indicators for disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged communities under scenarios when AVs were primarily single-occupancy or high-occupancy, and according to whether transit agencies responded to AVs by maintaining the status quo, removing low-performing routes, or applying AV technology to transit vehicles. Across the performance measures, the high-occupancy AV and enhanced transit scenarios provided an equity benefit, either mitigating an existing gap in outcomes between demographic groups or reducing the extent to which that gap was expanded.

Mind the Gap: Assessing the Impacts of Bicycle Accessibility and Mobility on Mode Share in Washington, D.C.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2662 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benito O. Pérez ◽  
Darren Buck ◽  
Yiwei Ma ◽  
Taylor Robey ◽  
Kimberly Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
Share Data

The District of Columbia is enjoying rapid growth in cycling, evident through trends in census mode share data and in the presence of more cyclists out on the street. The District Department of Transportation (DOT) has spent significant resources in the past two decades to improve active transportation planning, outreach, and infrastructure delivery. These efforts have led to the District’s recognition as a cycling-friendly city. Now the District DOT is taking stock of what has been done to improve cycling thus far and to determine what to do next. The District DOT is starting to ask what is driving the growth in the cycling mode share. How can the District understand, nurture, and expand on that growth in the cycling mode share? This study explored underlying relationships in which the District’s cycling mode share was present. The analysis dug deeply by doing ( a) a statistical analysis to identify key factors that influenced cycling and ( b) a spatial analysis that defined trends in accessibility to cycling facilities and the mobility of the cycling network. Findings from this research will help inform District DOT planners on what policy, operational, outreach, and capital investment levers to consider as they continue to promote cycling in the District going forward.

Transit Travel Demand Analysis Method Based on APTS Multi-Source Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 2122-2126
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Xiao Hua Li ◽  
Lan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Demand Analysis ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Bus Stops

Traditional transit travel information is acquired by Trip Sample Survey which has some disadvantages including high cost and short data lifecycle. This paper researched transit travel demand analysis method using Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS) data. The study collected APTS data of Nanning City in China and established APTS multi-source data analysis platform applying data warehouse technology. Based on key problems research, the paper presented the analysis procedure and content. Then, this study proposed the core algorithms of the method which are determinations of boarding bus stops, alighting bus stops and transfer bus stops of smart card passengers. Finally, these algorithms programs are experimented using large scale practical APTS data. The results show that this analysis method is low cost, operability and high accuracy.

Effects of Multimodal Operations on Urban Roadways

2015 ◽  
Vol 2533 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Arnet ◽  
S. Ilgin Guler ◽  
Monica Menendez
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Simple Analysis ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Bus Lane

Public transportation (e.g., buses) can provide more efficient urban transportation systems by carrying more people in the same space. A commonly used solution to prioritize this mode is to dedicate a lane for bus use only. However, the changes in system capacity are not clear for the use of a dedicated bus lane instead of completely mixed-use lanes. Even if the capacity of the dedicated bus lane were not fully used, this strategy could still increase car capacity in the remaining lanes in two ways: ( a) buses traveling on a separate lane would eliminate conflicting bus maneuvers and ( b) the reduced number of lanes available for cars could reduce the number of lane changes and could smooth traffic. This paper empirically analyzes differences in car capacity between ( a) a mixed-use scenario without the influence of buses and a dedicated-lane scenario and ( b) a mixed-use scenario with and without buses. Results show that with mixed-use lanes the car capacity per lane remains the same as compared with a dedicated-lane scenario. However, in mixed-use conditions, the presence of a bus in traffic flow can reduce capacity by 20%. Based on these findings, a simple analysis is carried out to compare passenger delay at urban signalized intersections with a mixed use versus dedicated bus lane. It is shown that passenger delay can be reduced with use of dedicated bus lanes if bus occupancies are relatively high or if car demand is low.

scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF VEHICLE MONITORING LOCATIONS FOR A VOLUNTARY TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonho Ko ◽  
Daejin Kim ◽  
Heung Gweon Sin ◽  
Seungjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Voluntary Participation ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Vehicle Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The City

As many people are concerned about sustainable urban transportation systems, Travel Demand Management (TDM) is getting more attention as a viable option to reduce automobile dependency on an efficient way. Especially, voluntary participation-based TDM by offering incentives has been applied in many cities in recent years. The city of Seoul with 10 million population is offering incentives including an annual vehicle tax discount to increase the participation of Weekly No-driving Day (WND) program, a voluntary TDM program encouraging drivers to leave their cars home at least one weekday a week. The compliance of the program rule is monitored by Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems. In this study, to check the efficiency of the RFID monitoring system, the flow capturing location model is utilized to evaluate the adequateness of the RFID reader locations. Also, this paper proposes an optimal detection rate for the WND program based on economic evaluation results in consideration of costs and benefits of the program.

scholarly journals Calibration of MATSim in the context of natural hazards in Belgium

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cools ◽  
Ismaïl Saadi ◽  
Ahmed Mustafa ◽  
Jacques Teller
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Synthetic Population ◽  
River Floods

In Belgium, river floods are among the most frequent natural disasters and they may cause important changes on travel demand. In this regard, we propose to set up a large scale scenario using MATSim for guarantying an accurate assessment of the river floods impact on the transportation systems. In terms of inputs, agent-based models require a base year population. In this context, a synthetic population with a respective set of attributes is generated as a key input. Afterwards, agents are assigned activity chains through an activity-based generation process. Finally, the synthetic population and the transportation network are integrated into the dynamic traffic assignment simulator, i.e. MATSim. With respect to data, households travel surveys are the main inputs for synthesizing the populations. Besides, a steady-state inundation map is integrated within MATSim for simulating river floods. To our knowledge, very few studies have focused on how river floods affect transportation systems. In this regard, this research will undoubtedly provide new insights in term of methodology and traffic pattern analysis under disruptions, especially with regard to spatial scale effects. The results indicate that at the municipality level, it is possible to capture the effects of disruptions on travel behavior. In this context, further disaggregation is needed in future studies for identifying to what extent results are sensitive to disaggregation. In addition, results also suggest that the target sub-population exposed to flood risk should be isolated from the rest of the travel demand to reach have more sensitive effects.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4098

scholarly journals Compositional modeling of railway Virtual Coupling with Stochastic Activity Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Flammini ◽  
Stefano Marrone ◽  
Roberto Nardone ◽  
Valeria Vittorini
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Network Capacity ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Stochastic Activity Networks ◽  
Activity Networks ◽  
Virtual Coupling ◽  
Railway Capacity ◽  
Stochastic Activity

AbstractThe current travel demand in railways requires the adoption of novel approaches and technologies in order to increase network capacity. Virtual Coupling is considered one of the most innovative solutions to increase railway capacity by drastically reducing train headway. The aim of this paper is to provide an approach to investigate the potential of Virtual Coupling in railways by composing stochastic activity networks model templates. The paper starts describing the Virtual Coupling paradigm with a focus on standard European railway traffic controllers. Based on stochastic activity network model templates, we provide an approach to perform quantitative evaluation of capacity increase in reference Virtual Coupling scenarios. The approach can be used to estimate system capacity over a modelled track portion, accounting for the scheduled service as well as possible failures. Due to its modularity, the approach can be extended towards the inclusion of safety model components. The contribution of this paper is a preliminary result of the PERFORMINGRAIL (PERformance-based Formal modelling and Optimal tRaffic Management for movING-block RAILway signalling) project funded by the European Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking.

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