Effects of Smart Cards on Transit Operators

1996 ◽  
Vol 1521 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Chira-Chavala ◽  
B. Coifman
Keyword(s):  
Smart Card ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Smart Cards ◽  
Data Input ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Driver Workload ◽  
Field Operational Test ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Transit Smart Card

The results of an evaluation of the first transit smart card field operational test in California are presented. The smart card technologies deployed were radio frequency and integrated circuit contact systems, and the evaluation included the cost and productivity implications of smart cards relative to those of fare boxes as well as the perceptions of transit personnel. Data input for the evaluation came from interviews with transit personnel and onboard observations. The results indicate that smart cards work well and reliably in real-world bus operations. Passengers and transit personnel liked smart cards because they were faster and more convenient than cash fares. Smart cards could reduce passenger boarding times, vehicle downtime due to malfunctions of the fare system, and driver workload and stress. Furthermore, smart cards enhance the collection and quality of transit data.

scholarly journals Quality Classification of Injection-Molded Components by Using Quality Indices, Grading, and Machine Learning

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Kun-Cheng Ke ◽  
Ming-Shyan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Quality Grading ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mlp Model

Conventional methods for assessing the quality of components mass produced using injection molding are expensive and time-consuming or involve imprecise statistical process control parameters. A suitable alternative would be to employ machine learning to classify the quality of parts by using quality indices and quality grading. In this study, we used a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network along with a few quality indices to accurately predict the quality of “qualified” and “unqualified” geometric shapes of a finished product. These quality indices, which exhibited a strong correlation with part quality, were extracted from pressure curves and input into the MLP model for learning and prediction. By filtering outliers from the input data and converting the measured quality into quality grades used as output data, we increased the prediction accuracy of the MLP model and classified the quality of finished parts into various quality levels. The MLP model may misjudge datapoints in the “to-be-confirmed” area, which is located between the “qualified” and “unqualified” areas. We classified the “to-be-confirmed” area, and only the quality of products in this area were evaluated further, which reduced the cost of quality control considerably. An integrated circuit tray was manufactured to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

Smart Cards

2011 ◽  
pp. 154-190
Author(s):  
Katina Michael ◽  
M.G. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Smart Card ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Smart Cards ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plastic Card

The history of the smart card begins as far back as 1968. By that time magnetic-stripe cards while not widespread, had been introduced into the market (Purdue, 2008). Momentum from these developments, together with advancements in microchip technology made the smart card a logical progression. Two German inventors, Jürgen Dethloff and Helmut Grötrupp applied for a patent to incorporate an integrated circuit into an ID card (Rankl & Effing, 1997, p. 3). This was followed by a similar patent application by Japanese academic, Professor Kunitaka Arimura in 1970. Arimura was interested in incorporating “one or more integrated circuit chips for the generation of distinguishing signals” in a plastic card (Zoreda & Oton, 1994, p. 36). His patent focused on how to embed the actual micro circuitry (Lindley, 1997, p. 13).

San Diego Field Operational Test of Smart Call Boxes: Technical Aspects

1997 ◽  
Vol 1603 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Banks ◽  
Patrick A. Powell
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Test System ◽  
Incident Detection ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Field Operational Test ◽  
The Cost

Smart call boxes are devices similar to those used as emergency call boxes in California. The basic call box consists of a microprocessor, a cellular transceiver, and a solar power source. The smart call box system also includes data-collection devices, call-box maintenance computers, and data recording systems at a central location. The goal of the smart call box field operational test (FOT) was to demonstrate that smart call boxes are feasible and cost-effective means of processing and transmitting data for tasks such as traffic census, incident detection, hazardous weather reporting, changeable message sign control, and video surveillance. The objective of the FOT evaluation was to determine the cost-effectiveness of smart call boxes, but because of schedule slippage the evaluation focused on only functional adequacy and capital costs. The concept for the smart call box system was found to be feasible but not necessarily optimal for the tasks involved. System integration was a major problem. Also, the number of external devices that can be attached to a single call box while maintaining the economic advantages of the system is restricted by wiring costs and limitations of the solar power supply. Test system performance was mixed. One subtest was canceled before the installation of equipment, functional systems were produced for only three of the four remaining subtests, and reliable operation was observed in only one case. In most cases, system costs will be dominated by the expense of installing wiring. Consequently, smart call boxes will be cost-effective compared with hardwire systems at many sites but may not be cost-effective compared with alternative wireless systems.

Integrated Smart-Card Fare System: Results from Field Operational Test

2000 ◽  
Vol 1735 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Giuliano ◽  
James E. Moore ◽  
Jacqueline Golob
Keyword(s):  
Smart Card ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Field Operational Test ◽  
Equipment Failures ◽  
Ventura County

Evaluation results of the Ventura County smart card Phase III field demonstration are presented to show the feasibility of using smart cards and other technology to provide an integrated fare medium across several transit operators. The evaluation addressed technical performance, user response, and institutional issues. Technical performance was affected by installation problems, equipment failures, and communications problems. Technical problems often were the outcome of institutional issues. Smart-card users were very satisfied with the new fare medium; however, transit patrons in Ventura County have very low incomes, many are not English speaking, and few transit users bought and used the cards. Overall, the demonstration suffered from the absence of clear roles and responsibilities as well as a lack of understanding of the complexity and demands of the technology.

Scanning Electron Microscopy in Hybrid Microelectronics

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
S. Khadpe ◽  
R. Faryniak
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circuit Components ◽  
Hybrid Microcircuit ◽  
Electrical Connections ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is an important tool in Thick Film Hybrid Microcircuits Manufacturing because of its large depth of focus and three dimensional capability. This paper discusses some of the important areas in which the SEM is used to monitor process control and component failure modes during the various stages of manufacture of a typical hybrid microcircuit.Figure 1 shows a thick film hybrid microcircuit used in a Motorola Paging Receiver. The circuit consists of thick film resistors and conductors screened and fired on a ceramic (aluminum oxide) substrate. Two integrated circuit dice are bonded to the conductors by means of conductive epoxy and electrical connections from each integrated circuit to the substrate are made by ultrasonically bonding 1 mil aluminum wires from the die pads to appropriate conductor pads on the substrate. In addition to the integrated circuits and the resistors, the circuit includes seven chip capacitors soldered onto the substrate. Some of the important considerations involved in the selection and reliability aspects of the hybrid circuit components are: (a) the quality of the substrate; (b) the surface structure of the thick film conductors; (c) the metallization characteristics of the integrated circuit; and (d) the quality of the wire bond interconnections.

Evaluation of Anaheim Adaptive Control Field Operational Test: Institutional Issues

1999 ◽  
Vol 1683 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. McNally ◽  
Stephen P. Mattingly ◽  
James E. Moore ◽  
Hsi-Hwa Hu ◽  
C. Arthur MacCarley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Control Field ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Operational Test ◽  
Field Operational Test

Pengaruh Kompetensi Coder terhadap Keakuratan dan Ketepatan Pengkodean Menggunakan ICD 10 di Rumah Sakit X Pekanbaru Tahun 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Nur Maimun ◽  
Jihan Natassa ◽  
Wen Via Trisna ◽  
Yeye Supriatin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Study Implementation ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Cost

The accuracy in administering the diagnosis code was the important matter for medical recorder, quality of data was the most important thing for health information management of medical recorder. This study aims to know the coder competency for accuracy and precision of using ICD 10 at X Hospital in Pekanbaru. This study was a qualitative method with case study implementation from five informan. The result show that medical personnel (doctor) have never received a training about coding, doctors writing that hard and difficult to read, failure for making diagnoses code or procedures, doctor used an usual abbreviations that are not standard, theres still an officer who are not understand about the nomenclature and mastering anatomy phatology, facilities and infrastructure were supported for accuracy and precision of the existing code. The errors of coding always happen because there is a human error. The accuracy and precision in coding very influence against the cost of INA CBGs, medical and the committee did most of the work in the case of severity level III, while medical record had a role in monitoring or evaluation of coding implementation. If there are resumes that is not clearly case mix team check file needed medical record the result the diagnoses or coding for conformity. Keywords: coder competency, accuracy and precision of coding, ICD 10

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document