Incidence and Epidemiology of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Elite Collegiate Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Hunt ◽  
Daniel Hurwit ◽  
Kevin Robell ◽  
Corey Gatewood ◽  
Itamar B. Botser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Collegiate Athletics ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Cross Country

Background: Foot and ankle injuries are increasing in competitive professional and collegiate athletics. Many of these injuries result in considerable missed time from sports and often require surgical intervention. To develop and implement effective practice participation strategies, return-to-play protocols, and injury prevention programs, an understanding of injury trends and epidemiology is vital. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of foot and ankle injuries in elite athletes participating in 37 sports at a single National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) Division 1 institution. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: We evaluated the injury records of all varsity sports at a single NCAA Division 1 athletics program, including 1076 athletes participating in 37 sports. Detailed injury data were prospectively collected in a secure electronic database over a 2-year period. We reviewed the database for all foot/ankle injuries. Inclusion criteria were any foot/ankle injury that was sustained during an NCAA-sanctioned event and subsequently received medical treatment. Independent variables included athlete and injury demographics, missed days, physician visits, imaging results, and whether the injury required surgery. Injury incidence, relative frequency distributions, and sample proportions were dependent metrics for this investigation. Results: During the study period, a total of 3861 total musculoskeletal injuries were recorded. There were 1035 foot/ankle injuries (27%). Of all foot/ankle injuries, 21% (218 of 1035) caused the athlete to miss at least 1 day of participation, with an average of 12.3 days of time loss from sport. Furthermore, 27% of athletes with foot/ankle injuries were referred for office evaluation by a physician, and 84% of these required radiologic imaging. The overall injury incidence rate was 3.80 per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The 4 sports with the highest incidence rate (>75th percentile) were women’s gymnastics, women’s cross-country, women’s soccer, and men’s cross country. The most frequently occurring foot/ankle injuries were ankle ligament injuries, tendinopathies or fasciopathies, and bone stress injuries. Conclusion: The prevalence of foot/ankle injury in a large NCAA Division 1 athletics program was 27% of total musculoskeletal injuries over a 2-year period, with 21% of these injuries resulting in missed time. There were significantly higher foot and ankle injury incidence rates and more missed time in female athletes and women’s sports.

scholarly journals A Detailed Analysis of Workplace Foot and Ankle Injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0015
Author(s):  
Alexander Caughman ◽  
Christopher E. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Foot Injuries ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation

Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: In 2017 over 92,000 foot and ankle injuries resulted in lost work days. The average 2017 workers compensation claim for ankle injuries was $17,028 for medical costs with an additional $12,861 of indemnity. Workplace foot injuries were similarly expensive, averaging $15,140 in medical costs and $11,428 in indemnity. These costs highlight the burden workplace foot and ankle injuries place on both workers and employers. This study analyzes the incidence, rate, and days lost from work due to foot and ankle injuries across different industries, age groups, and genders and compares these findings to other musculoskeletal injuries. These findings will help us better understand which industries are greater impacted by foot and ankle injuries and what factors may influence the occurrence and severity of these injuries. Methods: Workplace injury data was obtained using a special query from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Workplace Injuries and Illnesses Nonfatal Cases Involving Days Away From Work: Selected Characteristics database. Data included injury incidence, incidence rate per 10,000 workers, and median days missed from work due to injury. The data was grouped by injury location (all injuries, ankle injuries, and foot injuries), type of injury (fracture, sprain, amputation), and industry. Spearman correlation, one way ANOVA, and independent samples t-test were used to identify the industries, gender, and ages associated with the highest rates and highest median days missed from work for each of these groups. Regression analysis was used to analyze changes in incidence rate over time. Incidence rate data was obtained for a fifteen-year period (2003-2017), and days lost from work data was obtained for a seven-year period (2011-2017). Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistics software, version 25.0. Results: The industries of mining (43.12 foot,18.17 ankle), utilities (25.24,25.10), construction (19.76,14.55), and transportation and warehousing (15.36,16.22) had four of the five highest average median days missed from work for both foot and ankle injuries. Of these four, only transportation and warehousing (11.05,14.13) and construction (8.49,8.98) were among the five industries with the highest rates of foot and ankle injuries. There was a strong negative correlation (p<0.001) between age and rate of both foot and ankle injuries and a strong positive correlation (p<0.001) between age and median days missed from work. Males had higher rates of both foot injuries (5.36) and ankle injuries (5.02) than females (3.76,4.86). Regression analysis showed the incidence rate of ankle sprains, ankle fractures, foot sprains, and foot fractures decreased from 2003-2017. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the incidence rate and severity of workplace foot and ankle injuries are influenced by workers’ age, gender, and the industry they work in. It shows that industries with higher days missed often did not have higher rates of injuries. Our results have the potential to be used to identify industries in need of additional safeguards to protect workers from injury and provide companies with information about the industry norm for rates of employee injuries and days missed from work for these injuries.

Ankle Support Beliefs of High School Basketball Coaches and the Ankle Support Practices of their Athletes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Miranda Rudnick ◽  
Brian Wallace
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Support Practices ◽  
Ankle Support ◽  
Basketball Coaches ◽  
Sport Coaches

Ankle supports have been shown to reduce ankle injury incidence. Athletes’ use of them may be related to their sport coaches’ beliefs. The purpose of this study was to examine Wisconsin high school boys’ and girls’ basketball coaches’ beliefs regarding ankle support practices. Additional aims were to estimate the percentage of the players who either tape or brace, reveal which sources were used to form coaches’ beliefs about ankle supports, and gain insights regarding how long players are out of play after being injured if they tape, brace, or do not use ankle supports. Chi-squared tests of independence revealed that most coaches neither encouraged nor discouraged ankle supports for their players. A majority of coaches were found to use resources other than scientific-based sources to form their opinions on ankle supports. They also reported that they believed ankle injury return-to-play time was reduced in players who wore ankle supports and that supports did not hinder performance. Coaches should be provided educational opportunities regarding ankle supports so they may provide valid information to help their players make informed decisions.

Injury Surveillance in Major League Soccer: A 4-Year Comparison of Injury on Natural Grass Versus Artificial Turf Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2279-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. Calloway ◽  
David M. Hardin ◽  
Matthew D. Crawford ◽  
J. Michael Hardin ◽  
Lawrence J. Lemak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Injury Data ◽  
Major League Soccer ◽  
Foot Injury ◽  
Major League ◽  
Elite Level

Background: Artificial playing surfaces are becoming more common due to decreased cost of maintenance and increased field usability across different environmental conditions. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) has approved newer generation artificial turf for soccer competition at the elite level, but many elite-level athletes prefer to play on natural grass surfaces due to a perceived increase in injury rate, discomfort, and fatigability on artificial turf. Hypothesis: Injury rates and rates of individually categorized types of injury experienced on artificial turf are noninferior to rates of injury on the standard comparator, natural grass, in elite-level Major League Soccer athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Over the course of 4 Major League Soccer seasons (2013-2016), athlete injury data were recorded electronically. Injury data recorded in matches between 2 Major League Soccer teams were then analyzed. Playing surface was known for each venue, and all artificial turf surfaces were rated as 2-star according to FIFA criteria. Incidence rate ratios (Artificial Turf ÷ Natural Grass) were calculated with a 95% CI (α = .05) for both overall injury incidence and individual injury subgroups. A noninferiority margin (δ) of 0.15 was used to determine noninferiority of injury incidence rates. Results: A total of 2174 in-game injuries were recorded during the study period, with 1.54 injuries per game on artificial turf and 1.49 injuries per game on natural grass (incidence rate ratio, 1.033; 95% CI, 0.937-1.139). Within injury subgroups, overall ankle injury, Achilles injury, and ankle fracture were found to have a statistically higher incidence on artificial turf. Artificial turf was found to be noninferior to natural grass for overall foot injury and forefoot injury. No statistically significant differences were found in knee injuries between the 2 surfaces. Conclusion: The overall rate of injury on artificial turf was noninferior to that on natural grass. Within individual injury categories, a higher rate of ankle injury was found on artificial turf. No other injury subgroup demonstrated statistically significant differences between surfaces. Clinical Relevance: FIFA 2-star rated artificial turf is a viable alternative to natural grass in elite-level soccer competition. Innovative research methods for comparing artificial turf versus natural grass may elucidate relative advantages with respect to player safety.

scholarly journals PHYSIOTHERAPY REHABILITATION IN A PATIENT WITH ANKLE LACERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3588-3590
Author(s):  
Pratik Phansopkar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Bipedal Gait ◽  
Sprain Ankle

The foot is a complex structure of more than 26 bones, 30 joints, numerous tendons, ligaments, and muscles responsible for our ability to stand upright, supporting the entire body's weight, and providing the basis for the bipedal gait mechanism. Ankle joint is the commonest joint injured in the musculoskeletal injuries without adequate rehabilitation function can be severely impaired, but access to the physiotherapy rehabilitation service can be limited due to geographical remoteness and inadequate or absence of services in the rural areas. Wound complications have been reported to occur in 1.4% to18.8% of patient with ankle injuries. In 2005, nearly 12 per cent of all ER visits or 13.8 million visits for laceration care were reported. Depending on the location and severity of the injury, lacerations can be managed in the ambulatory environment as well. Foot and ankle conditions are common in older adults. The commonest ankle injury is ankle sprain, ankle instability these type on injury are more commonly seen in sports person. Ankle Laceration is a debilitation condition which leads to lack of mobility and if not treated properly may lead to wound infection. As the tendon in the ankle region are more superficial there is high chances of tendon or nerve injury in the cases of ankle laceration. Here presenting a 19 year old girl with a laceration injury on the left ankle while mowing the lawn, she has undergone grafting and since then on physical therapy management.

scholarly journals The pattern of foot and ankle injury in a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia: magnitude of traffic accident

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1893
Author(s):  
Ananto S. Pradana ◽  
Edi Mustamsir ◽  
Hary W. Agustono ◽  
Ganang D. Cahyono ◽  
Mohammad H. Bimadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Traffic Regulation

Background: One of the contributing factors for foot and ankle injury was traffic accidents. A high incidence of foot and ankle injury need to be considered. There is still no adequate information about the epidemiology of foot and ankle injury in Indonesia. This study aims to describe the pattern of foot and ankle injury in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang, a tertiary referral hospital in Indonesia. We focused on the distribution of population demography, type of injury, site of injury, the mode of injury, and the treatment of foot and ankle injury.Methods: This cross-sectional study collected the data from the orthopaedic and traumatology department from January 2017 to January 2018. Orava modification classification was used to classify the injury type. The inclusion criteria were trauma patients. The exclusion criteria were the patients who passed away, non-traumatic foot and ankle pathology, refused definitive/all treatment, and unspecified injury site.Results: A total of 304 patients have met the inclusion criteria. Male patients dominated the number of foot and ankle injuries. The majority cause of the injury was traffic accidents (93.4%). The most common injury in this study was fracture (50.3%). Moreover, forefoot was the most common injured site (60.7%).Conclusions: In Indonesia, traffic accidents contribute to foot and ankle injury. The traffic regulation needed to curb the menace of traffic accidents in foot and ankle injury. However, further studies with more databases from multiple centers and evaluate the severity of the injury, the treatment, and the outcome are needed to provide a better study.

Females Sustain more Ankle Injuries than Males in Youth Football

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023
Author(s):  
Taru Sokka ◽  
Matias Hilska ◽  
Tommi Vasankari ◽  
Mari Leppänen ◽  
Pekka Kannus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Rate ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
Football Clubs

AbstractThis prospective study evaluated the incidence and pattern of acute injuries in youth (9- to 14-year- old) football players. Ten football clubs [n=730 players (567 males, 163 females)] participated in the 20-week follow-up study (January–June 2015). Data was collected by sending a standardized weekly SMS to players’ parents/guardians with follow-up interviews for injured players. During the study period, 278 players (38%) sustained 410 acute injuries. The overall injury incidence for males and females was 6.47 (95% CI, 5.84–7.09) injuries per 1000 h of football exposure. Most injuries (40%) caused minimal absence from sports. Eighty-four percent of the injuries affected the lower extremities, with the ankle (30%), knee (17%), and thigh (16%) being the most commonly injured body sites. Females had significantly higher ankle injury rate (IRR) 1.85 (95% CI, 1.18–2.91, p=0.007) and non-contact ankle injury rate IRR 2.78 (95% CI, 1.91–4.02, p<0.001) than males. In conclusion, our results showed that the acute injury incidence among youth football is moderately high, and females are at higher risk for ankle injuries. Injury prevention programs aimed at preventing ankle injuries should be considered in the future.

scholarly journals Foot and Ankle Injuries in Elite Taekwondo Athletes: A 4-Year Descriptive Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712110611
Author(s):  
Maximilian Willauschus ◽  
Johannes Rüther ◽  
Michael Millrose ◽  
Matthias Walcher ◽  
Christophe Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Injury Type

Background: Foot and ankle injuries are a common but underestimated problem in taekwondo. Detailed data on injury incidence rates (IIRs), patterns, and injury mechanism are missing. Purpose: The primary aims were to evaluate the prevalence of foot and ankle injuries and the exposure-adjusted IIR of elite taekwondo athletes during matches while training (ie, sparring) and in competitions. The secondary aims were to evaluate injury site, type, sport-specific mechanism, and time loss. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Athletes from a single national Olympic taekwondo training center were assessed prospectively for foot and ankle injuries over 4 years (between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019). Data were collected regarding number and type of injuries, anatomic location, and total exposure time during training and competition for each athlete. Injury mechanism and dominant foot were assessed via personal interview. Time loss from sport was analyzed retrospectively. The injury prevalence and IIR were calculated. Correlation between mechanism and injury type, location, and dominant foot was evaluated. Time loss according to location and injury type was assessed. The chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to test for differences in sex, age, and taekwondo experience and for comparison of injury location and type, injury mechanism, and side dominance, respectively. Training and competition IIRs and prevalence were calculated with 95% CIs (for Poisson rates). Results: From an initial 107 athletes, 79 (73.8%) were included in the final data set. Of these athletes, 38 were injured (n = 112 injuries) for a prevalence of 48.1% (95% CI, 43%-52%). The overall IIR of the ankle joint was 13.14 injuries per 1000 athletes (95% CI, 1.5-25.9) and was significantly higher during competition versus training ( P < .001). Ankle joint injuries were most common (n = 71; 63%). Significantly more noncontact versus contact ankle ligament injuries (n = 46; 83%) occurred ( P < .001). The forefoot (n = 18; 66%) was mainly affected by contact injuries ( P < .001). Time loss was the highest for midfoot fractures (mean ± SD, 23.0 ± 0.6 days; range, 23-24 days). Conclusion: Noncontact ligamentous ankle injuries were most common, with a higher incidence during competition. Improvement of strength, endurance, and postural stability under strain is recommended for prevention.

scholarly journals Delayed presentation or delayed diagnosis? A retrospective study of prospectively collected data of 482 foot and ankle injury cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0043
Author(s):  
Rajiv Shah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgeons ◽  
Presentation Group

Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Delayed presentation of injury cases is common in developing countries due to lack of resources as well as lack of awareness. Such cases pose a great management challenge to clinicians. Study aimed to find out every possible responsible factor responsible for delayed presentations would guide towards targeted preventive measures. Foot and ankle orthopaedics being in infancy in developing country like India, foot and ankle injuries do present late. We took up a study to document and analyse the reasons for delayed presentations of foot and ankle injuries. Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 482 foot and ankle injury cases treated at our three foot and ankle centres over past four years was done. Delayed presentation was defined as cases presenting to us at or after 3 weeks of injury and all these cases formed inclusion criteria. Delayed presenting cases without complete records and cases who were lost to follow up were excluded from this study. Reasons for delayed presentations were charted and further analysed. Results: Ninety eight delayed presenting cases (out of 482 cases) were divided in two groups. First group (28 cases) never got treated by orthopaedic surgeons, was labelled as ‘Direct delayed presentation group’. Second group (72 cases) who got treated by orthopaedic surgeons, but could not be diagnosed initially and presented late was labelled as ‘Indirect delayed presentation group’. Direct group cases initially followed home, quack or family physician’s remedies. Failure to suspect injury (5 cases) and failure to diagnose injury (67 cases) were reason subgroups in indirect group. Failure to diagnose injury was due to failure of clinico-radiological analysis (analytical failure (15 cases)) or due to failure of investigating case further (investigative failure (10 cases)). Forty two cases had combined analytical and investigative failures. Conclusion: In developing countries like India, many patients neglected their foot and ankle injuries and presented late. However clinicians were found to be more responsible for generating indirect delayed presentations by the way of failing to diagnose timely presented injury cases! This is contrary to common belief that in developing countries, patients would be solely responsible for delayed presentations! As delayed diagnosis by clinicians seemed more alarming than delayed presentation by patients, preventive education should also be imparted to clinicians over and above to patients. Study of such a scenario in developed countries would be interesting.

scholarly journals Incidence and prediction of ankle injury risk: a prospective cohort study on 91 contemporary preprofessional dancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e001060
Author(s):  
Adinda K E Mailuhu ◽  
Rogier M van Rijn ◽  
Janine H Stubbe ◽  
Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra ◽  
Marienke van Middelkoop
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
First Year ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThis study examines the incidence of ankle injuries and identifies ankle injury risk among contemporary preprofessional dancers.MethodsA total of 91 first-year contemporary preprofessional dancers were prospectively followed during one academic year. Self-reported ankle injuries, assessed with the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire, were categorised as all complaint ankle injuries, substantial ankle injuries or time-loss ankle injuries. In addition, ankle injuries leading to medical attention were included. Regression analyses were used to determine the association between potential risk factors (dancer characteristics, history of ankle injury in the previous year, ankle range of motion and dorsiflexion) and ankle injuries.ResultsThe 1-year ankle injury incidence proportion was 18.7% (n=17), 8.8% (n=8), 15.4% (n=14) and 7.7% (n=7), respectively, for all complaint ankle injuries, ankle injuries requiring medical attention, time-loss injuries and substantial injuries. Being male (OR=0.27; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.75) and being a student of the Bachelors in Dance and Education (OR=0.27; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.97) were univariately associated with a lower risk of an ankle injury.ConclusionAlmost 20% of first-year preprofessional dancers reported an ankle injury, with more than 80% of the dancers reporting that their injury leads to dance time loss. Males and students of the bachelors in dance and education were at lower risk of ankle injuries. As ankle injuries are common among dancers, studies with larger sample sizes, a more heterogeneous population (eg, different dance styles) and longer follow-up periods are necessary to evaluate the impact of ankle injuries in further detail.

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