Impact of setup orientation on blend electrospinning of poly-ε-caprolactone-gelatin scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering

Introduction: This article explores the effect of horizontal and vertical setups on blend electrospinning with two polymers having vastly different properties – poly-ε-caprolactone and gelatin, and subsequent effect of the resulting microstructure on viability of seeded cells. Methods: Poly-ε-caprolactone and gelatin of varying blend concentrations were electrospun in horizontal and vertical setup orientations. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were seeded on these scaffolds to assess cell viability changes in accordance with change in microstructure. Results: Blend electrospinning yielded a heterogeneous microstructure in the vertical orientation beyond a critical concentration of gelatin, and a homogeneous microstructure in the horizontal orientation. Unblended poly-ε-caprolactone electrospinning showed no significant difference in fibre diameter or pore size in either orientation. Mechanical testing showed reduced elasticity when poly-ε-caprolactone is blended with gelatin but an overall increase in tensile strength in the vertically spun samples. Cells on vertically spun samples showed significantly higher viabilities by day 7. Discussion: The composite microstructure obtained in vertically spun poly-ε-caprolactone -gelatin blends has a positive effect on viability of seeded cells. Such scaffolds can be considered suitable candidates for cardiovascular tissue engineering where cell infiltration is crucial.

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Degradation and Characterisation of Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14174773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 4773

Author(s):

Morteza Bazgir ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Ximu Zhang ◽

Jacobo Elies ◽

Morvarid Saeinasab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Glycolic Acid ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Great Promise ◽

Degradation Behaviour ◽

Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Behaviour Study

The current study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and the effects of degradation on the structural properties of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)- and polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanofibrous scaffolds. Six scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning, three with PCL 15% (w/v) and three with PLGA 10% (w/v), with electrospinning processing times of 30, 60 and 90 min. Both types of scaffolds displayed more robust mechanical properties with increased spinning times. The tensile strength of both scaffolds with 90-min electrospun membranes did not show a significant difference in their strengths, as the PCL and PLGA scaffolds measured at 1.492 MPa ± 0.378 SD and 1.764 MPa ± 0.7982 SD, respectively. All membranes were shown to be hydrophobic under a wettability test. A degradation behaviour study was performed by immersing all scaffolds in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution at room temperature for 12 weeks and for 4 weeks at 37 °C. The effects of degradation were monitored by taking each sample out of the PBS solution every week, and the structural changes were investigated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The PCL and PLGA scaffolds showed excellent fibre structure with adequate degradation, and the fibre diameter, measured over time, showed slight increase in size. Therefore, as an example of fibre water intake and progressive degradation, the scaffold’s percentage weight loss increased each week, further supporting the porous membrane’s degradability. The pore size and the porosity percentage of all scaffolds decreased substantially over the degradation period. The conclusion drawn from this experiment is that PCL and PLGA hold great promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

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Novel blood protein based scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1515/cdbme-2016-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 5-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Antonia I. Kuhn ◽

Marc Müller ◽

Sara Knigge ◽

Birgit Glasmacher

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Final Concentration ◽

Blood Protein ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Blood Proteins ◽

Cardiovascular Tissue ◽

Long Term Stability ◽

Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

AbstractA major challenge in cardiovascular tissue engineering is the fabrication of scaffolds, which provide appropriate morphological and mechanical properties while avoiding undesirable immune reactions. In this study electrospinning was used to fabricate scaffolds out of blood proteins for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Lyophilised porcine plasma was dissolved in deionised water at a final concentration of 7.5% m/v and blended with 3.7% m/v PEO. Electrospinning resulted in homogeneous fibre morphologies with a mean fibre diameter of 151 nm, which could be adapted to create macroscopic shapes (mats, tubes). Cross-linking with glutaraldehyde vapour improved the long-term stability of protein based scaffolds in comparison to untreated scaffolds, resulting in a mass loss of 41% and 96% after 28 days of incubation in aqueous solution, respectively.

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Elastin-Sprayed Tubular Scaffolds With Microstructures and Nanotextures for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Volume 1A: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms; Active and Reactive Soft Matter; Atherosclerosis; BioFluid Mechanics; Education; Biotransport Phenomena; Bone, Joint and Spine Mechanics; Brain Injury; Cardiac Mechanics; Cardiovascular Devices, Fluids and Imaging; Cartilage and Disc Mechanics; Cell and Tissue Engineering; Cerebral Aneurysms; Computational Biofluid Dynamics; Device Design, Human Dynamics, and Rehabilitation; Drug Delivery and Disease Treatment; Engineered Cellular Environments ◽

10.1115/sbc2013-14448 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Jinah Jang ◽

Junghyuk Ko ◽

Dong-Woo Cho ◽

Martin B. G. Jun ◽

Deok-Ho Kim

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Vascular Graft ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

High Surface ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽

Biophysical Properties ◽

Fibrous Scaffold ◽

Cardiovascular Tissue ◽

Highly Porous

Development of a small-diameter vascular graft (<6 mm) have been challenging due to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia [1]. To overcome this problem, cardiovascular tissue engineers have attempted to construct a highly porous and biocompatible fibrous scaffold providing a sufficient mechanical strength for the regeneration of a functional tissue [2–5]. Herein, we present a 3D tubular-shaped micro/nanofibrous composite-layered scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. The surface of scaffold has high surface roughness by introducing nanofibrous layer and the biophysical properties have been fulfilled by using microfibrous layer. Moreover, the atomized spraying technique is applied to spray elastin proteins, which is well known as an antithrombogenic material, on the surface of micro/nanofibrous composite-layered scaffold to introduce an appropriate antithrombogenic surface.

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Preparation and Characterization of Silk Fibroin-Based Hybrid Vascular Tissue Engineering Film

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.996.64 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 996 ◽

pp. 64-69

Author(s):

Ping Deng Ming ◽

Chuan Jun Xia ◽

Ya Song Hu ◽

Cong Cong Zhan ◽

An Duo Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Silk Fibroin ◽

Hybrid Film ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Water Drop ◽

Alpha Helix ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Random Coil ◽

Polymeric Composite Material ◽

Cardiovascular Tissue

Patients suffering from cardiovascular disease lack suitable stent. In this study, a new polymeric composite material was prepared by incorporating various concentrations of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) into silk fibroin (SF), aiming at achieving a novel composite film with superior mechanical and biological properties, in order to match the requirement of cardiovascular tissue engineering stents. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that GPTM could promote SF to transform from the original alpha helix and random coil/extension chain conformation to the beta-folded conformation. Tensile experiment indicated tensile strength and breaking elongation of SF/GPTMS hybrid film reach the maximum with 20% GPTMS content. Within a certain range, the water drop contact angle of SF/GPTMS hybrid film is positively correlated with the content of GPTMS. Endothelial cells (ECs) are best grown on hybrid SF/GPTMS hybrid film with 20% GPTMS content.

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Decellularized bovine aorta as a promising 3D elastin scaffold for vascular tissue engineering applications

Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.2217/rme-2021-0062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 1037-1050

Author(s):

Tahmineh Kazemi ◽

Ahmad A Mohammadpour ◽

Maryam M Matin ◽

Nasser Mahdavi-Shahri ◽

Hesam Dehghani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Mtt Assay ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Dna Content ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Cardiovascular Tissue ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering

Aim: To evaluate the suitability of using aorta elastin scaffold, in combination with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAd-MSCs), as an approach for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Materials & Methods: Human adipose-derived MSCs were seeded on elastin samples of decellularized bovine aorta. The samples were cultured in vitro to investigate the inductive effects of this scaffold on the cells. The results were evaluated using histological, and immunohistochemical methods, as well as MTT assay, DNA content, reverse transcription-PCR and scanning electron microscopy. Results: Histological staining and DNA content confirmed the efficacy of decellularization procedure (82% DNA removal). MTT assay showed the construct’s ability to support cell viability and proliferation. Cell differentiation was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR and positive immunohistochemistry for alfa smooth muscle actin and von Willebrand. Conclusion: The prepared aortic elastin samples act as a potential scaffold, in combination with MSCs, for applications in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Further experiments in animal models are required to confirm this.

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Comparison of Electrospun PBSU and PLGA Scaffolds Applied in Vascular Tissue Engineering

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.2.27 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 27-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Zhao ◽

C. He ◽

Da Ming Zhang ◽

J. Chang ◽

Lei Cui

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Pore Structure ◽

Cell Morphology ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Proliferation Rate ◽

Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽

Fiber Morphology ◽

Significant Difference

Poly(butylenes succinate) (PBSU) had good biocompatibility and biodegradability, but it is left unexplored for the possible application of PBSU in tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to compare PBSU and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds prepared by electrospinning technique as vascular tissue engineering materials. Both scaffolds were characterized by fiber morphology, pore structure and mechanical properties. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) were seeded on the electrospun PBSU and PLGA scaffolds and cultured for different time periods. Cell adhesion and proliferation on the scaffolds were measured by MTT assay, while SEM was used for observing cell morphology on the scaffolds. The results showed that fiber diameter of the electrospun scaffolds ranged from 300nm to 800nm and their porosities were higher than 90%. The electrospun PBSU scaffolds showed a high tensile strength of 2.06±0.11MPa, whereas the ultimate tensile strength of the electrospun PLGA scaffolds reached 14.31±5.24MPa. Cell adhesion efficacy had no significant difference between PBSU and PLGA scaffolds, but cell proliferation rate on PLGA scaffolds was significantly higher than that on PBSU scaffolds after 7 days of culture. Cell morphology was similar on both scaffolds with the polygonal shape for ECs and spindle-like shape for SMCs. From these results, the present in vitro study revealed that as compared to PLGA scaffolds, the electrospun PBSU scaffolds showed lower tensile strength and slower proliferation rate, but as regards the biocompatibility and pore structure, the electrospun PBSU scaffolds had a potential application in vascular tissue engineering.

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Low-Reynolds-number fall of slender cylinders near boundaries

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/s0022112073002387 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 641-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

N. J. de Mestre

Keyword(s):

Reynolds Number ◽

Low Reynolds Number ◽

Vertical Orientation ◽

Order Of Accuracy ◽

Single Plane ◽

Drag Coefficients ◽

Horizontal Orientation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Measured Distance ◽

Low Reynolds

The motion of bodies through fluid at low Reynolds number is appreciably affected by the container walls. Consequently the Stokes-flow theory due to Batchelor (1970) and others for a slender body falling in an unbounded fluid is difficult to test experimentally unless it is extended to take account of nearby boundaries. Theoretical expressions are given here for certain drag coefficients of a circular cylindrical slender rod of finite length falling close to a single plane wall or falling midway between two parallel plane walls. Experiments with a very viscous liquid are described in which cylinders of small thickness-to-length ratios (ranging from 1:10 to 1:100 approximately) are made to fall in suitable orientations. From their times of fall over a measured distance experimental drag coefficients are determined and compared with the corresponding theoretical value from the extension of Batchelor's theory. For rods falling in a horizontal orientation the theoretical and experimental results are consistent within the order of accuracy of the experiments. However, when results are compared for rods falling in a vertical orientation there is a significant difference for which possible explanations are presented.

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