scholarly journals Degradation and Characterisation of Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4773
Author(s):  
Morteza Bazgir ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ximu Zhang ◽  
Jacobo Elies ◽  
Morvarid Saeinasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Behaviour Study

The current study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and the effects of degradation on the structural properties of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)- and polycaprolactone (PCL)-based nanofibrous scaffolds. Six scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning, three with PCL 15% (w/v) and three with PLGA 10% (w/v), with electrospinning processing times of 30, 60 and 90 min. Both types of scaffolds displayed more robust mechanical properties with increased spinning times. The tensile strength of both scaffolds with 90-min electrospun membranes did not show a significant difference in their strengths, as the PCL and PLGA scaffolds measured at 1.492 MPa ± 0.378 SD and 1.764 MPa ± 0.7982 SD, respectively. All membranes were shown to be hydrophobic under a wettability test. A degradation behaviour study was performed by immersing all scaffolds in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution at room temperature for 12 weeks and for 4 weeks at 37 °C. The effects of degradation were monitored by taking each sample out of the PBS solution every week, and the structural changes were investigated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The PCL and PLGA scaffolds showed excellent fibre structure with adequate degradation, and the fibre diameter, measured over time, showed slight increase in size. Therefore, as an example of fibre water intake and progressive degradation, the scaffold’s percentage weight loss increased each week, further supporting the porous membrane’s degradability. The pore size and the porosity percentage of all scaffolds decreased substantially over the degradation period. The conclusion drawn from this experiment is that PCL and PLGA hold great promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.

Impact of setup orientation on blend electrospinning of poly-ε-caprolactone-gelatin scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 801-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinduja Suresh ◽  
Oleksandr Gryshkov ◽  
Birgit Glasmacher
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Homogeneous Microstructure ◽  
Cardiovascular Tissue ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
3T3 Fibroblasts ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: This article explores the effect of horizontal and vertical setups on blend electrospinning with two polymers having vastly different properties – poly-ε-caprolactone and gelatin, and subsequent effect of the resulting microstructure on viability of seeded cells. Methods: Poly-ε-caprolactone and gelatin of varying blend concentrations were electrospun in horizontal and vertical setup orientations. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were seeded on these scaffolds to assess cell viability changes in accordance with change in microstructure. Results: Blend electrospinning yielded a heterogeneous microstructure in the vertical orientation beyond a critical concentration of gelatin, and a homogeneous microstructure in the horizontal orientation. Unblended poly-ε-caprolactone electrospinning showed no significant difference in fibre diameter or pore size in either orientation. Mechanical testing showed reduced elasticity when poly-ε-caprolactone is blended with gelatin but an overall increase in tensile strength in the vertically spun samples. Cells on vertically spun samples showed significantly higher viabilities by day 7. Discussion: The composite microstructure obtained in vertically spun poly-ε-caprolactone -gelatin blends has a positive effect on viability of seeded cells. Such scaffolds can be considered suitable candidates for cardiovascular tissue engineering where cell infiltration is crucial.

Development of nanofibrous scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhao ◽  
Hui Qiu ◽  
Deng-long Chen ◽  
Wen-xian Zhang ◽  
Da-chun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds

Vascular Tissue Engineering Using Polycaprolactone Nanofibrous Scaffolds Fabricated via Electrospinning

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Elnakady ◽  
Mohammed F. Al Rez ◽  
H. Fouad ◽  
Sarah Abuelreich ◽  
Ahmed M. Albarrag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds

Electrospun sulfated silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering

Biomaterials ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 3784-3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Liu ◽  
Xiaoming Li ◽  
Gang Zhou ◽  
Hongbin Fan ◽  
Yubo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tissue Engineering ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering 3D Porous Scaffolds Prepared from Electrospun Recombinant Human Collagen (RHC) Polypeptides/Chitosan Nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5096
Author(s):  
Aipeng Deng ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Shimei Du
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Human Collagen ◽  
Hierarchical Pore ◽  
Nih 3T3

Electrospinning, the only method that can continuously produce nanofibers, has been widely used to prepare nanofibers for tissue engineering applications. However, electrospinning is not suitable for preparing clinically relevant three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous scaffolds with hierarchical pore structures. In this study, recombinant human collagen (RHC)/chitosan nanofibers prepared by electrospinning were combined with porous scaffolds produced by freeze drying to fabricate 3D nanofibrous scaffolds. These scaffolds exhibited high porosity (over 80%) and an interconnected porous structure (ranging from sub-micrometers to 200 μm) covered with nanofibers. As confirmed by the characterization results, these scaffolds showed good swelling ability, stability, and adequate mechanical strength, making it possible to use the 3D nanofibrous scaffolds in various tissue engineering applications. In addition, after seven days of cell culturing, NIH 3T3 was infiltrated into the scaffolds while maintaining its morphology and with superior proliferation and viability. These results indicated that the 3D nanofibrous scaffolds hold great promise for tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Chitosan Applications Used in Medical Therapy of Tissue Regeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Alef Mustafa ◽  
Ana Maria Ionescu ◽  
Melat Cherim ◽  
Rodica Sîrbu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cells ◽  
Biological Specificity

Chitosan is an unique natural biopolymer that has great potential in tissue engineering applications and over the past several decades, it has emerged as a promising biomaterial for biomedical applications. Due to its various properties such as controllable biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity and functionalizability, chitosan can be used to form chitosan-based scaffolds and in different scaffold fabrication techniques. Over the years a great number of studies have been performed to evaluate the cytocompatibility of chitosan using a variety off cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, nucleus pulposus cells, neutral and endothelial cells. It was shown that chitosan is biocompatible with these cell types and has the potential to be used for bone, cartilage, skin, intervertebral disc, ligament and tendon, and nerve and vascular tissue engineering. The flexibility of the processing conditions of chitosan aids in the fabrication of versatile substrates as scaffolds for tissue regeneration or carriers for biological molecules. It is critical to synthesize medical grade chitosan materials with controllable structure and properties that will allow the development of chitosan-based medical devices and it is beneficial to chemically design chitosan derivatives with molecular and biological specificity through bulk material modification. Despite all the challenges, chitosan holds great promise as a biomaterial for developing medical products and medical therapies.

The Effects of Mechanical and Chemical Stimuli on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Vascular Trans-Differentiation and Paracrine Signaling

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Wingate ◽  
Yan Tan ◽  
Wei Tan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Paracrine Signaling ◽  
Chemical Stimuli ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Msc Differentiation

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) show great promise for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by tissue engineering and cell therapy. MSCs are particularly useful for vascular therapies as they are easily obtainable, allogenic, trans-differentiate into specific vascular cells, and assist in regenerating vascular tissue through paracrine signaling. [1] However, the mechanisms which direct MSC trans-differentiation and paracrine signaling are not well defined. [2] Incorrect differentiation of MSC can lead to catastrophic side effects such as the development of a dysfunctional endothelium. [3] To safely utilize these cells for the treatment of vascular diseases it is critical to understand the underlying mechanisms that direct MSC differentiation and paracrine signaling.

scholarly journals Chitosan Applications Used in Medical Therapy of Tissue Regeneration

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alef Mustafa ◽  
Ana Maria Ionescu ◽  
Melat Cherim ◽  
Rodica Sîrbu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Nucleus Pulposus Cells ◽  
Biological Specificity

Chitosan is an unique natural biopolymer that has great potential in tissue engineering applications and over the past several decades, it has emerged as a promising biomaterial for biomedical applications. Due to its various properties such as controllable biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity and functionalizability, chitosan can be used to form chitosan-based scaffolds and in different scaffold fabrication techniques. Over the years a great number of studies have been performed to evaluate the cytocompatibility of chitosan using a variety off cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, fibroblasts, nucleus pulposus cells, neutral and endothelial cells. It was shown that chitosan is biocompatible with these cell types and has the potential to be used for bone, cartilage, skin, intervertebral disc, ligament and tendon, and nerve and vascular tissue engineering. The flexibility of the processing conditions of chitosan aids in the fabrication of versatile substrates as scaffolds for tissue regeneration or carriers for biological molecules. It is critical to synthesize medical grade chitosan materials with controllable structure and properties that will allow the development of chitosan-based medical devices and it is beneficial to chemically design chitosan derivatives with molecular and biological specificity through bulk material modification. Despite all the challenges, chitosan holds great promise as a biomaterial for developing medical products and medical therapies.

scholarly journals Bioinstructive Layer-by-Layer-Coated Customizable 3D Printed Perfusable Microchannels Embedded in Photocrosslinkable Hydrogels for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Cristiana F. V. Sousa ◽  
Catarina A. Saraiva ◽  
Tiago R. Correia ◽  
Tamagno Pesqueira ◽  
Sónia G. Patrício ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Vascular Networks ◽  
Tissue Constructs ◽  
Assembly Technology ◽  
Arginine Glycine Aspartic Acid

The development of complex and large 3D vascularized tissue constructs remains the major goal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). To date, several strategies have been proposed to build functional and perfusable vascular networks in 3D tissue-engineered constructs to ensure the long-term cell survival and the functionality of the assembled tissues after implantation. However, none of them have been entirely successful in attaining a fully functional vascular network. Herein, we report an alternative approach to bioengineer 3D vascularized constructs by embedding bioinstructive 3D multilayered microchannels, developed by combining 3D printing with the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technology, in photopolymerizable hydrogels. Alginate (ALG) was chosen as the ink to produce customizable 3D sacrificial microstructures owing to its biocompatibility and structural similarity to the extracellular matrices of native tissues. ALG structures were further LbL coated with bioinstructive chitosan and arginine–glycine–aspartic acid-coupled ALG multilayers, embedded in shear-thinning photocrosslinkable xanthan gum hydrogels and exposed to a calcium-chelating solution to form perfusable multilayered microchannels, mimicking the biological barriers, such as the basement membrane, in which the endothelial cells were seeded, denoting an enhanced cell adhesion. The 3D constructs hold great promise for engineering a wide array of large-scale 3D vascularized tissue constructs for modular TERM strategies.

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