X-Ray Diffraction Study on Human Male Reproductive Tract and Semen

In the present study authors had separated testis, epididymis-caput, corpus, cauda, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland from human male reproductive tract, made it to ash form. Semen also underwent same procedure. All samples had undergone X-ray diffraction analysis. Results Results showed there where two distinct rings for each sample. We named it is “A” &” B”. Under “A” Barium silicate, Barium silicate hydrate and three metal complexes of copper, gold and zinc were seen. Under “B” Calcium silicate and calcium silicate hydrate were observed. Both “A” and “B” were seen throughout the length (expect for “A” is seminal vesicle) and in semen. Conclusions A tri metal complex of copper, gold and zinc is reported in this study, is first of its kind in Biology.

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Changes in the Male Reproductive Organs of the Dugong, Dugong dugon (Sirenia: Dugondidae) with Age and Reproductive Activity

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9840721 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 721 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

H Marsh ◽

GE Heinsohn ◽

TD Glover

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Tract ◽

Prostate Gland ◽

Reproductive Activity ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

Seminal Vesicles ◽

Growth Layer ◽

Male Reproductive Tract ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Quantitative Examination ◽

Testicular Histology

The anatomy and histology of the male reproductive tract of the dugong (Dugong dugon) is described. Each testis and its adjacent epididymis lie immediately caudal to the corresponding kidney. The seminal vesicles are large but there is no discrete prostate gland and the bulbo-urethral glands are also diffuse. Both qualitative and quantitative examination of the testes and epididymides of 59 males whose ages have been estimated from tusk dentinal growth layer counts indicate that the male dugong does not produce spermatozoa continuously, despite the absence of a distinct breeding season. Individual dugongs were observed with testes at all stages between complete quiescence and full spermatogenesis, and only 10 of the 40 mature males had fully spermatogenic testes and epididymides packed with spermatozoa. Androgenic and spermatogenic activity of the testes appeared to be in phase, but the testicular histology of some old males suggested that they may have been sterile for long periods.

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Location of a membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme (CA IV) in the human male reproductive tract.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/41.5.8468457 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 751-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

S Parkkila ◽

A K Parkkila ◽

K Kaunisto ◽

A Waheed ◽

W S Sly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Carbonic Anhydrase ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Apical Plasma Membrane ◽

Specific Staining ◽

Ductus Deferens ◽

Male Reproductive Tract ◽

Human Male ◽

Membrane Bound

We studied the location of a membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (CA IV) in the human male reproductive tract using a specific antiserum to human CA IV in conjunction with immunoblotting, immunoperoxidase, and immunofluorescence techniques. The microvilli and apical plasma membrane of the epithelial cells and the subepithelial smooth muscle layer of the epididymis, ductus deferens, and ampulla of the ductus deferens showed specific staining for CA IV. The epithelial cells of the prostate and seminal vesicle failed to stain for CA IV, however, whereas the subepithelial smooth muscle layer showed positive staining. No specific staining for CA II was seen in the epithelium of the epididymal duct or the proximal ductus deferens. The presence of CA IV in the epididymis was confirmed by immunoblotting, which revealed 35 KD and 33 KD polypeptides. The results show that the microvilli and the apical plasma membrane of the lining epithelium of the epididymal duct, ductus deferens, and ampulla of the ductus deferens contain the membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme IV. The presence of the enzyme in the epithelium of the epididymis and ductus deferens is probably linked to the acidification of the epididymal fluid that prevents premature sperm activation. Its physiological role in the smooth muscle cells remains to be elucidated.

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Cell Dimensions and Composition of Nanocrystalline Calcium Silicate Hydrate Solid Solutions. Part 1: Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Diffraction

Journal of the American Ceramic Society ◽

10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02484.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 91 (9) ◽

pp. 3005-3014 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Krassimir Garbev ◽

Günter Beuchle ◽

Marc Bornefeld ◽

Leon Black ◽

Peter Stemmermann

Keyword(s):

Solid Solutions ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Calcium Silicate Hydrate ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Cell Dimensions

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Zika Virus Trafficking and Interactions in the Human Male Reproductive Tract

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens7020051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lucia Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Zika Virus ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Sexual Transmission ◽

Host Cells ◽

Future Research ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Male Reproductive Tract ◽

Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽

Human Male ◽

Viral Interactions

Sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) is a matter of great concern. Infectious viral particles can be shed in semen for as long as six months after infection and can be transferred to male and female sexual partners during unprotected sexual intercourse. The virus can be found inside spermatozoa and could be directly transferred to the oocyte during fertilization. Sexual transmission of ZIKV can contribute to the rise in number of infected individuals in endemic areas as well as in countries where the mosquito vector does not thrive. There is also the possibility, as has been demonstrated in mouse models, that the vaginal deposition of ZIKV particles present in semen could lead to congenital syndrome. In this paper, we review the current literature to understand ZIKV trafficking from the bloodstream to the human male reproductive tract and viral interactions with host cells in interstitial spaces, tubule walls, annexed glands and semen. We hope to highlight gaps to be filled by future research and potential routes for vaccine and antiviral development.

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Different Setting Conditions Affect Surface Characteristics and Microhardness of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers

Scanning ◽

10.1155/2018/7136345 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dong-Kyu Yang ◽

Sunil Kim ◽

Jeong-Won Park ◽

Euiseong Kim ◽

Su-Jung Shin

Keyword(s):

Calcium Silicate ◽

Detrimental Effect ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Acid Solutions ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Surface Microhardness ◽

X Ray ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

Scanning Electron

Objective. To investigate the effect of different setting conditions on surface microhardness and setting properties of calcium silicate-based sealers. Methods. Three sealers, EndoSequence Bioceramic (BC; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA, USA), Endoseal MTA (ES; Maruchi, Wonju, Korea), and Well-Root ST (WR; Vericom, Chuncheon, Korea), were compared. Specimens were exposed to either butyric acid (pH 5.4) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS [pH 7.4]) for 48 h and stored at 100% humidity for 12 days. The control specimens were stored at 100% humidity for 14 days. Surface microhardness was measured, topographic changes were observed, and phase analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction. Microhardness according to storage conditions was compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s multiple comparison tests (P<.05). Results. The BC and ES sealers exhibited decreased microhardness when stored in acid or PBS compared with control (P<.05). In the WR group, acid exposure lowered microhardness of the specimens compared with control (P<.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed different topographies in specimens from all tested sealers exposed to acid or PBS. Conclusion. The surface microhardness of calcium silicate-based sealers was reduced by exposure to either acid or PBS. Acid solutions, however, had a more detrimental effect than PBS.

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X-ray diffraction: a powerful tool to probe and understand the structure of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates

Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science Crystal Engineering and Materials ◽

10.1107/s2052519213021155 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 465-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Sylvain Grangeon ◽

Francis Claret ◽

Yannick Linard ◽

Christophe Chiaberge

Keyword(s):

Calcium Silicate ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Calcium Silicate Hydrates

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Characteristics of Hydrated Calcium Silicate and Paper Filler

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.577 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 395-396 ◽

pp. 577-581

Author(s):

Quan Xiao Liu ◽

Yan Na Yin ◽

Wen Cai Xu

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Crystalline State ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Hydrated Calcium Silicate ◽

X Ray ◽

Color Density ◽

Paper Filler ◽

Hydrated Calcium ◽

Tearing Strength

The X-ray diffraction of hydrated calcium silicate is analyzed and is applied in papermaking. It shows that hydrated calcium silicate have certain crystalline state. The tensile strength, tearing strength and folding strength of paper decrease in different degree with the increase of dosage of hydrated calcium silicate while the whiteness and the printing color density of paper improve. T tensile strength and folding strength of paper decrease in varying degrees with the increase of dosage of PAM while the tearing strength of paper and the whiteness improve. And the printing color density of paper is the same.

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Structure of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates: insights from X-ray diffraction, synchrotron X-ray absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s1600576716003885 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 771-783 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Sylvain Grangeon ◽

Francis Claret ◽

Cédric Roosz ◽

Tsutomu Sato ◽

Stéphane Gaboreau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Electron Probe ◽

Magic Angle Spinning ◽

Magic Angle ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Calcium Silicate Hydrates ◽

Angle Spinning ◽

X Ray Absorption

The structure of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrates (C–S–H) having Ca/Si ratios ranging between 0.57 ± 0.05 and 1.47 ± 0.04 was studied using an electron probe micro-analyser, powder X-ray diffraction,29Si magic angle spinning NMR, and Fourier-transform infrared and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopies. All samples can be described as nanocrystalline and defective tobermorite. At low Ca/Si ratio, the Si chains are defect free and the SiQ3andQ2environments account, respectively, for up to 40.2 ± 1.5% and 55.6 ± 3.0% of the total Si, with part of theQ3Si being attributable to remnants of the synthesis reactant. As the Ca/Si ratio increases up to 0.87 ± 0.02, the SiQ3environment decreases down to 0 and is preferentially replaced by theQ2environment, which reaches 87.9 ± 2.0%. At higher ratios,Q2decreases down to 32.0 ± 7.6% for Ca/Si = 1.38 ± 0.03 and is replaced by theQ1environment, which peaks at 68.1 ± 3.8%. The combination of X-ray diffraction and NMR allowed capturing the depolymerization of Si chains as well as a two-step variation in the layer-to-layer distance. This latter first increases from ∼11.3 Å (for samples having a Ca/Si ratio <∼0.6) up to 12.25 Å at Ca/Si = 0.87 ± 0.02, probably as a result of a weaker layer-to-layer connectivity, and then decreases down to 11 Å when the Ca/Si ratio reaches 1.38 ± 0.03. The decrease in layer-to-layer distance results from the incorporation of interlayer Ca that may form a Ca(OH)2-like structure, nanocrystalline and intermixed with C–S–H layers, at high Ca/Si ratios.

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