scholarly journals Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A Functional Food?

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D'Orazio ◽  
C. Ficoneri ◽  
G. Riccioni ◽  
P. Conti ◽  
T.C. Theoharides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Dry Fractionation ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids Metabolism

Scientific interest in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) started in 1987 when Michael Pariza's team of Wisconsin University observed its inhibitory effects on chemically induced skin tumors in mice. Numerous studies have since examined CLA's role in cancer, immune function, oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, lipid and fatty acids metabolism, bone formation and composition, obesity, and diabetes. Still it's not clear yet either through which mechanisms CLA produces its numerous metabolic effects. We now know that CLA contents in cow milk fat can be enriched through dry fractionation, but this knowledge doesn't allow sufficient certainty to qualify this nutrient, as a functional food, capable of increasing well being and reducing the risk of disease.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary sunflower seeds on lactation performance and conjugated linoleic acid content of milk

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. He ◽  
P. S. Mir ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
M. Ivan ◽  
Z. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Condition Score

The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration in milk and the lactation performance of cows fed either a control (CON) or a sunflower seed [SS; 7% of dietary dry matter (DM)] containing diet were compared in a 12-wk lactation trial, starting from week 3 after calving, with 17 multiparous and 8 primiparous cows. The CON and SS diets were isonitrogenous and provided 4 and 6% crude fat in the total mixed rations and were fed to 13 and 12 cows, respectively. Daily DM intake (DMI ), milk production and weekly body weights were recorded. Milk samples collected weekly at four consecutive milkings were individually analyzed for fat, protein and lactose content, and fatty acid composition. The DMI and milk production of the cows fed t he CON and SS diets were 20.5 ± 0.80 and 20.2 ± 0.80 kg d-1 (P > 0.05) and 38.2 ± 1.71 and 38.2 ± 1.71 kg d-1 (P > 0.05), respectively. No differences due to diet were observed for cow body weight, body condition score, or for content and yield of milk fat, protein and lactose. The CLA cis-9, trans-11 concentration in milk from cows fed the CON and SS diets was 3.9 and 7.9 mg g-1 fatty acids (P < 0.01), respectively. The average CLA cis-9, trans-11 yield in milk from cows fed CON and SS diets was 5.1 ± 0.07 and 10.9 ± 0.07 g d-1, respectively, or 114% greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed the SS diet. The study indicates that sunflower seed inclusion at 7% of dietary DM to dairy cows increases the CLA concentration and yield in milk, without affecting DMI, milk production or composition. Key words: Conjugated linoleic acids, cow, milk, sunflower seed

Enrichment of the conjugated linoleic acid content of bovine milk fat by dry fractionation

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne O'Shea ◽  
Rosaleen Devery ◽  
Fergal Lawless ◽  
Kieran Keogh ◽  
Catherine Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Dry Fractionation

scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Fish Oil on Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Other Fatty Acids in Milk Fat from Lactating Dairy Cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2620-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Donovan ◽  
D.J. Schingoethe ◽  
R.J. Baer ◽  
J. Ryali ◽  
A.R. Hippen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Fish

A new conjugated linoleic acid isomer, 7 trans, 9 cis-octadecadienoic acid, in cow milk, cheese, beef and human milk and adipose tissue

Lipids ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Yurawecz ◽  
John A. G. Roach ◽  
Najibullah Sehat ◽  
Magdi M. Mossoba ◽  
John K. G. Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer ◽  
Linoleic Acid Isomer

scholarly journals A Supplement Containing Trans-10, Cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Milk Fat Yield but Does Not Alter Organ Weight or Body Fat Deposition in Lactating Ewes

2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 1949-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam A. Sinclair ◽  
Weerasinghe M. P. B. Weerasinghe ◽  
Robert G. Wilkinson ◽  
Michael J. de Veth ◽  
Dale E. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Fat Yield

The effect of trans- 10, cis- 12 conjugated linoleic acid on milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 92-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
A. L. Lock ◽  
J. W. Perfield ◽  
B. M. Teles ◽  
D. E. Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Protein Output ◽  
Milk Fat Synthesis

Trans- 10, cis- 12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a biohydrogenation intermediate produced in the rumen, is a potent inhibitor of milk fat synthesis. Data from a number of studies where various doses of trans -10, cis -12 CLA have been abomasally infused demonstrate a curvilinear relationship between the percent reduction in milk fat yield and both the dose of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA infused and the milk fat content of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA. In addition to a reduction in milk fat output, under some circumstances an increase in milk yield and milk protein output are observed. To date, there has been no examination of the effects of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA on milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep. The current study was therefore designed to determine if trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA would inhibit milk fat synthesis in lactating sheep. In order to test the effectiveness of trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA in inhibiting milk fat synthesis we used a lipid-encapsulated trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA supplement (LE-CLA) as a means to provide the trans- 10, cis- 12 CLA isomer post-ruminally.

scholarly journals Isomerisation of cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to trans-9 trans-11 CLA during acidic methylation can be avoided by a rapid base catalysed methylation of milk fat

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R F Lee ◽  
John K S Tweed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Acidic Conditions

This study investigated the evolution of trans-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation and its avoidance through a rapid base methylation of milk fat. The study examined three conditions shown to result in loss of cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation namely: temperature, methylation time, water contamination in old reagents and acidic conditions. Three techniques currently used for the conversion of milk fat into fatty acid methyl esters for analysis of CLA content by gas liquid chromatography and a fourth procedure designed to eliminate acidic conditions and to limit methylation temperature and time were used. The four methods were: (i) acidic methylation (AM); (ii) acidic and basic bimethylation with fresh reagents (FBM); (iii) acidic and basic bimethylation with pre-prepared reagents (PBM) and (iv) basic methylation (BM). Each regime was carried out on six milk samples over two periods and methylated 1 ml freeze-dried milk (n=12 per regime). Total CLA was not different across methylation regimes (0·30 mg/ml). Isomer cis-9 trans-11 was higher (P<0·01) with BM than the other regimes and lowest with AM: 21·2, 17·8, 18·8 and 14·7 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The inverse relationship was shown for trans-9 trans-11 with higher (P<0·001) amounts with AM than the other regimes and lowest with BM: 0·57, 2·55, 2·36 and 3·69 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The trans-10 cis-12 isomer was also shown to alter with methylation procedure being higher (P<0·001) with AM than the other regimes: 0·43, 0·47, 0·29 and 1·20 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. Validation with known CLA free fatty acid and triacylglycerol standards confirmed that AM resulted in conversion of cis-9 trans-11 to trans-9 trans-11, and also elevated trans-10 cis-12 whilst BM of triacylglycerol CLA did not isomerise cis-9 trans-11 and was comparable to FBM.

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