scholarly journals What Can it Mean to Say that the Individual is Social through and through?

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Stacey
Keyword(s):  
Object Relations ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Object Relations Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ways Of Thinking ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Individual

This article explores different ways of thinking about the group-analytic concept of the individual as social through and through. One explanation is based on object relations theory and regards the individual as social because the individual psyche is an `internal world' of representations of social relationships. The article argues that this represents a Kantian `both/and' way of thinking. Another approach is based on Mead and this suggests that the individual is social through and through because individual mind is the same process of bodily action as the social. This represents a dialectical mode of thinking derived from Hegel.

scholarly journals Moral discourses and pharmaceuticalised governance in households

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dew ◽  
P Norris ◽  
J Gabe ◽  
K Chamberlain ◽  
D Hodgetts
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moral Discourses ◽  
Health Experts

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This article extends our understanding of the everyday practices of pharmaceuticalisation through an examination of moral concerns over medication practices in the household. Moral concerns of responsibility and discipline in relation to pharmaceutical consumption have been identified, such as passive or active medication practices, and adherence to orthodox or unorthodox accounts. This paper further delineates dimensions of the moral evaluations of pharmaceuticals. In 2010 and 2011 data were collected from 55 households across New Zealand and data collection techniques, such as photo- and diary-elicitation interviews, allowed the participants to develop and articulate reflective stories of the moral meaning of pharmaceuticals. Four repertoires were identified: a disordering society repertoire where pharmaceuticals evoke a society in an unnatural state; a disordering self repertoire where pharmaceuticals signify a moral failing of the individual; a disordering substances repertoire where pharmaceuticals signify a threat to one's physical or mental equilibrium; a re-ordering substances repertoire where pharmaceuticals signify the restoration of function. The research demonstrated that the dichotomies of orthodox/unorthodox and compliance/resistance do not adequately capture how medications are used and understood in everyday practice. Attitudes change according to why pharmaceuticals are taken and who is taking them, their impacts on social relationships, and different views on the social or natural production of disease, the power of the pharmaceutical industry, and the role of health experts. Pharmaceuticals are tied to our identity, what we want to show of ourselves, and what sort of world we see ourselves living in. The ordering and disordering understandings of pharmaceuticals intersect with forms of pharmaceuticalised governance, where conduct is governed through pharmaceutical routines, and where self-responsibility entails following the prescription of other agents. Pharmaceuticals symbolise forms of governance with different sets of roles and responsibilities.

Kernberg's Object-Relations Theory and the Group Psychotherapy of Psychosis

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F.A. Milders
Keyword(s):  
Object Relations ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Object Relations Theory ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Process ◽  
Psychic Process ◽  
The Individual

The application of object-relations theory to the psychotherapy of severe personality disorders owes much to the writings of Otto Kernberg. According to Kernberg, object-relations theory facilitates analysis of the psychotherapeutic process and the clarification of personality pathology. It is a concept that integrates theories of psychic process in the individual, group process and the organization of the clinical setting, and has found general support among Dutch (group) psychotherapists treating patients with borderline and psychotic disorders. However, the scope of object-relations theory is seldom addressed. When object-relations theory is separated from clinical psychiatry it can be overvalued as a universal explanatory model.

Anthropologische Voraussetzungen einer Theorie der Sozialisation / Anthropological Foundations of a Theory of Socialization

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Claessens
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Socialization Theory ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractAnthropology today consists of statements about the evolution of the mammals resulting in man; it could provide the counterpoint to mans plasticity (GEHLEN) and implies the assumption that man is not capable of unlimited educational moulding.The subsistence of life in general requires a complementary and affine environment. With the evolution of (bi- parental) care of young, the development of „existing“ - that is, biologically possible - dispositions and competences becomes more highly contingent; personality development in each individual depends on the timeley offer of appropriate external stimuli for the inner mechanisms.COUNT’s concept of the biogram points the correspondence between the constitution of an organism (as a product of its evolution) and its behavior. However, his emphasis on the continuity of evolutionary prerequisites of human culture with the tendencies of mammal and primate evolution fails to grasp the particular complexity of the human biogram. The realization of man’s social, sexual and linguistic competence entangles him necessarily in cultural and social networks, thus the extent to which such competences exist even as possibilities depends on the opportunities for such participation. Precondition for their realization is the isolation from selective pressures through the group (H. MILLER). This relieves the individual from specialization towards the environment and at the same time requires that he specializes in aiding the survival of the group as such. The (social and sexual) tendencies which lead to building a group are thereafter modified by the genesis of principally new social relationships and new real needs. Constitutive for the specifically human development is „work“, which may be defined as the consequence of intending or wanting something which one cannot do alone. Language is a necessary product and prerequisite of planned (not merely ad hoc) work. This may be seen as the threshold which defines the evolving species as „man“.If human nature is then the necessity incessantly to come to terms with the consequences of realizing competence, it has in historical fact developed as inequality of adaptive pressure within the society and towards the environment. It is thus not possible to speak of a general human social, sexual or linguistics competence, as the lack of developmental opportunity deforms or destroys the competence. The anthropological concept of competence must therefore be historically specified. Socialization theory must begin by analyzing the (social) sources of impediments to the development and the realization of competence before it can describe abstractly the conditions for the chance of realization.

The Social Psychology of Property: Looking Beyond Market Exchange

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Nadler
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Market Exchange ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual

Our social norms and moral values shape our beliefs about the propriety of different types of market exchanges. This review considers social and moral influences on beliefs about property and the consequences of these beliefs for the legal regulation of property. The focus is mainly on empirical evidence from social psychology, with additions from related areas like cognitive psychology, behavioral economics, and other social sciences. After briefly reviewing empirical findings on perceptions of property at the level of the individual person, I examine how social relationships shape perceptions about ownership and exchange of property, as well as the boundaries of the broad category of property. Finally, I explore one important type of socially embedded property—the home—and how social psychological conceptions of property as embedded in social relationships have clashed with the development of the legal doctrine of eminent domain.

scholarly journals Moral discourses and pharmaceuticalised governance in households

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Dew ◽  
P Norris ◽  
J Gabe ◽  
K Chamberlain ◽  
D Hodgetts
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moral Discourses ◽  
Health Experts

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This article extends our understanding of the everyday practices of pharmaceuticalisation through an examination of moral concerns over medication practices in the household. Moral concerns of responsibility and discipline in relation to pharmaceutical consumption have been identified, such as passive or active medication practices, and adherence to orthodox or unorthodox accounts. This paper further delineates dimensions of the moral evaluations of pharmaceuticals. In 2010 and 2011 data were collected from 55 households across New Zealand and data collection techniques, such as photo- and diary-elicitation interviews, allowed the participants to develop and articulate reflective stories of the moral meaning of pharmaceuticals. Four repertoires were identified: a disordering society repertoire where pharmaceuticals evoke a society in an unnatural state; a disordering self repertoire where pharmaceuticals signify a moral failing of the individual; a disordering substances repertoire where pharmaceuticals signify a threat to one's physical or mental equilibrium; a re-ordering substances repertoire where pharmaceuticals signify the restoration of function. The research demonstrated that the dichotomies of orthodox/unorthodox and compliance/resistance do not adequately capture how medications are used and understood in everyday practice. Attitudes change according to why pharmaceuticals are taken and who is taking them, their impacts on social relationships, and different views on the social or natural production of disease, the power of the pharmaceutical industry, and the role of health experts. Pharmaceuticals are tied to our identity, what we want to show of ourselves, and what sort of world we see ourselves living in. The ordering and disordering understandings of pharmaceuticals intersect with forms of pharmaceuticalised governance, where conduct is governed through pharmaceutical routines, and where self-responsibility entails following the prescription of other agents. Pharmaceuticals symbolise forms of governance with different sets of roles and responsibilities.

Keen for the First Object

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Lin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Object Relations ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Social Pressure ◽  
Object Relations Theory ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Racial Hatred ◽  
Breast Prosthesis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lost Object

This chapter interprets Audre Lorde’s experience of cancer and racial injury through psychoanalyst Melanie Klein’s theories of sadistic aggression, mourning, and psychic reparation. Drawing on Klein’s theories of the maternal breast as the first part-object, the original lost object that initiates a cycle of destruction and reparation, the chapter considers the psychic consequences of losing the breast through the traumatic processes of weaning and invasive carcinoma. For Lorde, illness, racism, sexism, and homophobia are conjoined as objectifying forces. The chapter inquires into how psychoanalytic object relations theory contends with objectification—becoming the object of a fatal disease, racial hatred, or sexist assault. Indicating how destruction can play a part in reparation, Lorde described her own mastectomy as breaking off a piece of herself to make her whole. She rejects the breast prosthesis on the grounds that it enforces objectifying gender norms. Lorde’s critique of the “prosthetic pretense” is applied to contemporary breast cancer culture. The chapter proposes that one of the unconscious motivations behind the social pressure to reconstruct the breast stems from a fetishism of the first object.

Deconstruction, Psychopathology and Dialectics

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Hook ◽  
Ian Parker
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
The Political ◽  
Individual Activity ◽  
Critical Mode ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Abstract Notion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
As If

This paper endeavours to ask how one might rethink essentialized and reified concepts of psychology and psychopathology as they are represented and experienced in the domain of ‘psychological culture’. Deconstruction, a critical mode of reading systems of meaning, and of unravelling the ways these systems work as texts, is the theoretical and methodological tool of choice for this task. The objective here is to critically engage with privileged notions of psychology on the reciprocal levels of both the personal and the political, the subjective and the social. An additional tool that becomes important here, in linking the internal and external deconstructions of psychology, is dialectics. Dialectics is a means of comprehending the relation between different forms of critique and the relation between different domains in which the psychological is worked through. Connecting the spheres of social relationships with individual activity, and the realms of political and personal in this way, enables a critical linking of the individual and the social without reducing one to the other. Engaged, albeit schematically, in this way, psychopathology may be approached as a construct that has been storied into being in psychiatric texts, that has been sedimented in practices which make it look and feel substantial and real. Essentialized in these ways, the abstract notion of psychopathology operates as if it were concrete, whilst the concrete practices surrounding it operate as if they were abstract. To sufficiently critically engage with constructs of psychopathology then, it is necessary to simultaneously grapple with the objective and subjective aspects of the problem, to engage with how ‘normality’ and ‘pathology’ function both in reality and within the subjective grasp they have on us as we read our own experience at each moment as normal or pathological.

scholarly journals Entre o pródigo e o malandro: um estudo de personagem em “A volta do marido pródigo”, de Guimarães Rosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Rosanne Bezerra de Araújo ◽  
Wallyson Rodrigues de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Biblical Narrative ◽  
Character Analysis ◽  
General Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Individual

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta um estudo do conto “A volta do marido pródigo”, de Guimarães Rosa, com o foco na análise do personagem. Estabelecemos relações entre o anti-herói rosiano, o herói bíblico e o pícaro europeu. Para desenvolver tal análise, utilizamos a crítica de Roberto Schwarz (2012) e Antonio Candido (1993), bem como o pensamento do filósofo romeno Constantin Noica (2011), ao ressaltar que a recusa ou a carência do indivíduo perante o Geral (a lei, a ordem) caracteriza-se como uma doença do espírito contemporâneo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo contrapor as três categorias de heróis (o malandro, o bíblico e o pícaro), revelando suas semelhanças e divergências. Nosso método de pesquisa segue a crítica integrativa de Antonio Candido (1993), pois investiga a narrativa rosiana sob diferentes ângulos, observando o aspecto social e ontológico do personagem Lalino Salãthiel. O resultado deste estudo nos revela que o texto de Rosa apresenta uma sátira da narrativa bíblica ao mesmo tempo em que transcende o pícaro europeu. A categoria do malandro, como bem aponta Candido (1993), é uma peculiaridade do anti-herói brasileiro. Concluímos, assim, que a singularidade da malandragem de Lalino reforça a realização de sua individualidade e comprova que o seu espírito pode padecer de acatolia, ou seja, a recusa do Geral e a afirmação do individual, conforme nos esclarece Noica em sua obra As seis doenças do espírito contemporâneo.Palavras-chave: Guimarães Rosa; anti-herói; herói pródigo; personagem picaresco; malandragem.Abstract: We present a study about the short story “A volta do marido pródigo” (The prodigal husband’s return), written by Guimarães Rosa, focusing on a character analysis. We established relationships among the Rosian anti-hero, the biblical hero, and the European picaresque character. In order to develop this analysis, we use the critical work of Roberto Schwarz (2012) and Antonio Candido (1993), as well as the Romanian philosopher Constantin Noica’s (2011) way of thinking. Noica emphasizes that the individual’s refusal or need of the General (law, order) can be diagnosed as a contemporary spirit malady. The present study aims to counterpose the three categories of heroes (the malandro – Brazilian trickster –, the biblical and the picaresque), revealing their similarities and differences. Our research method relies on the integrative Antonio Candido’s (1993) critique, as it investigates Rosa’s narrative from different angles, considering the social and ontological aspects of the character Lalino Salãthiel. Our findings shows that Rosa’s text presents a satire of the biblical narrative, while transcending the European picaresque figure, since the malandro category, as Candido (1993) points out, is particular to some Brazilian characters. We conclude that the singularity of Lalino’s trickery reinforces his individuality realization, proving that his spirit may suffer from acatholia, which is the rejection of the General and the affirmation of the individual, as clarified by Noica in his work Six maladies of the contemporary spirit.Keywords: Guimarães Rosa; anti-hero; prodigal hero; picaresque character; malandragem (trickery).

Toward an Anthropological Analysis of New Sport Cultures: The Case of Whiz Sports in France

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Midol ◽  
Gérard Broyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Transitional Space ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Individual

The paper presents an anthropological analysis of whiz sports from a new standpoint in the social sciences. This standpoint ignores the existing split between a science of society and a science of the individual. This approach also offers a new way of thinking the “collective.” The concept of transitional space defined by Winnicott is put forward as a central concept that permits consideration of the individual/group interface.

Fairbairn, Winnicott, and Guntrip on the social significance of schizoids

2021 ◽  
pp. 095269512110080
Author(s):  
Gal Gerson
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Object Relations ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Object Relations Theory ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Real Person

The mid-century object relations approach saw the category of schizoids as crucial to its own formation. Rooted in a developmental phase where the perception of the mother as a whole and real person had not yet been secured, the schizoid constitution impeded relationships and forced schizoids to communicate through a compliant persona while the kernel self remained isolated. Fairbairn, Winnicott, and Guntrip thought that schizoid features underlay many other pathologies that earlier, Freudian psychoanalysis had misidentified. To correct this, a move to the attachment-oriented theory was necessary, triggering the development of the object relations perspective as a distinct and independent approach. While playing this role in the development of object relations theory, the schizoid category also attracted a note of disapproval. Fairbairn, Winnicott, and Guntrip described schizoids as harmful to society through their everyday actions and through the ideas they propagated. This judgemental nuance highlights an aspect of the alliance between object relations theory and the contemporary welfare state ideology. Culminating in the Beveridge plan, that ideology framed citizenship as comprehensive engagement with society on multiple levels. Citizenship was not just a political activity but also a personally rewarding one, as it allowed expression to each person’s wishes in ways that benefited others. Inability to engage and be rewarded in this way marked obstinate classes and produced rigid and conservative ideologies that opposed the welfare state. Object relations theory described the schizoid condition along similar lines and castigated its consequences for similar reasons.

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