The formation and growth of Google: A firm-level triple helix perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Steiber ◽  
Sverker Alänge
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Firm Formation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry

The Triple Helix model of innovation systems is widely diffused. The fundamental idea of the model is that ‘university’ can play an enhanced role in innovation in knowledge-based societies and that the three helices – ‘university’, ‘industry’ and ‘government’ – interact in order to produce innovation and therefore regional and national economic growth. This is, however, only one model among several different systemic approaches for explaining regional differences in innovativeness. While the triple helix model emphasizes the role of the university for regional innovativeness, the other systemic approaches call attention to either industry or government as having the lead role in innovation. Further, the triple helix model is developed and primarily explored from a macro-level perspective and not from a firm-level perspective. Finally, while the theoretical value of triple helix interactions are reasonably confirmed, there are still gaps in the triple helix concept, and the practical value is only just beginning to realize its potential. From a firm-level perspective, the purpose of this article is therefore to test the applicability and practical value of the triple helix model when exploring the formation and growth of firms using the case of Google Inc. Useful when exploring a firm’s formation and growth, the triple helix model forces the exploration to start even before the entrepreneur enters the scene, which provides a more holistic picture of firm formation. The three helices were all found to play important but changing roles in the different phases of firm formation and growth. The Google case contributes further understanding of the nature and historical evolution of interactions between the three helices, thereby filling some gaps in the triple helix concept. The Google case also identifies a number of mechanisms for interaction and the important role of the bridging organizations that connect the helices and contribute to the development of interactions. Finally, the concept of ‘spaces’ proved relevant and useful, although in the perspective of a firm, the concept has a broader meaning and exists on different levels.

scholarly journals Theorizing the Triple Helix model: Past, present, and future

Triple Helix ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhuo Cai ◽  
Henry Etzkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry

The Triple Helix of university-industry-government interactions, highlighting the enhanced role of the university in the transition from industrial to knowledge-based society, has become widespread in innovation and entrepreneurship studies. We analyze classic literature and recent research, shedding light on the theoretical development of a model that has engendered controversy for being simultaneously analytical and normative, theoretical, practical and policy-relevant. We identify lacunae and suggest future analytical trajectories for theoretical development of the Triple Helix model. The explanatory power of Triple Helix has been strengthened by integrating various social science concepts, e.g. Simmel’s triad, Schumpeter’s organizational entrepreneur, institutional logics and social networks, into its framework. As scholars and practitioners from various disciplinary and inter-disciplinary research fields, e.g. artificial intelligence, political theory, sociology, professional ethics, higher education, regional geography and organizational behavior join Triple Helix studies or find their perspectives integrated, new directions appear for Triple Helix research.

Innovation in Innovation: The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Etzkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry ◽  
Endogenous Process ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Innovation is increasingly based upon a “Triple Helix” of university-industry-government interactions. The increased importance of knowledge and the role of the university in incubation of technology-based firms has given it a more prominent place in the institutional firmament. The entrepreneurial university takes a proactive stance in putting knowledge to use and in broadening the input into the creation of academic knowledge. Thus it operates according to an interactive rather than a linear model of innovation. As firms raise their technological level, they move closer to an academic model, engaging in higher levels of training and in sharing of knowledge. Government acts as a public entrepreneur and venture capitalist in addition to its traditional regulatory role in setting the rules of the game. Moving beyond product development, innovation then becomes an endogenous process of “taking the role of the other”, encouraging hybridization among the institutional spheres.

SCRAN

2011 ◽  
pp. 223-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Deakin
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
User Profiling ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Academic Network ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry ◽  
The Web

This chapter draws attention to the triple-helix model of knowledge production and the Web-services assembled to support the development of the SmartCities (inter) Regional Academic Network as a community of practice for standardising the transformation of eGovernment services. It draws particular attention to the University-Industry-Government collaborations (triple-helix) underlying the Web 2.0 service-orientated architecture of this knowledge infrastructure and the deployment of such technologies as an enterprise allowing communities to learn about how to standardise eGovernment services as transformative business-to-citizen applications. The chapter serves to highlight the critical role business-to-citizen applications play in making it possible for cities to be smart in reaching beyond the transactional logic of service provision and grasping the potential regional innovation systems offer to democratise the customisation of eGovernment through multi-channel access and via user profiling.

The Interaction of the University with External Partners: Trends, Experience, Industry Specifics

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
А. Тихонов ◽  
A. Tihonov ◽  
М. Федотова ◽  
M. Fedotova ◽  
В. Коновалова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Moscow Aviation Institute ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Educational Structures ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The University

The article deals with the role of universities from the perspective of socio-economic development of society on the basis of the «triple helix» model. The work of educational structures (universities) is considered as a complex network of interaction with: other universities; multi-level educational organizations; enterprises, business, government agencies. The authors identify areas, possible forms and results of interaction between the University and various partners for the formation of youth labor activity. A number of examples in this article are based on the experience of the Department of «personnel Management» of the Moscow Aviation Institute.

Rendezvous of the ‘Third Kind’: Triple Helix Origins and Future Possibilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Etzkowitz
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Third ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
Industry Relations ◽  
University Industry

The Triple Helix, representing university–industry–government interactions, was mooted in a 1993 International Workshop on University–Industry Relations at UNAM's Centro Para la Innovacion Technologica in Mexico City. Impelled by Mexican reality, where university–industry interactions and the institutions themselves operated within a governmental framework, the image equally fits laissez-faire societies where the role of government in university–industry interactions can also be discerned. This article discusses the source of the Triple Helix model in a government-led response to economic downturn in early twentieth century New England which recognized universities as a key regional actor, and suggests how the model may play a role in response to the contemporary economic crisis.

From Knowledge Flows to the Triple Helix

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Etzkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Triple Helix ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Organizational Changes ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry ◽  
Internal Transformation

The ‘triple helix’ model of university–industry–government interaction is explained and distinguished from the ‘knowledge flows' model. The ‘second academic revolution’ in the USA and the internal transformation of the university are then described and the paper cites MIT as an example of how bilateral relations with industry have led to the rise of entrepreneurial science. Finally the article describes the organizational changes being made at universities to accommodate academia ‘s new role.

scholarly journals Transitive university – innovative ecosystem development driver in the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Boguslavsky ◽  
Natalia S. Ladyzhets ◽  
Olga V. Sannikova ◽  
Egor V. Neborsky
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Ecosystem Development ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
Close Interaction ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry

The article is devoted to understanding a transitive university as a driver for the development of an innovative ecosystem in a region. The article analyzes the concept of the “triple helix” and the expanded “five helix”, which is the integration interaction of the university, industry and government, as well as the civil society and media space. The development of innovations is ensured through close interaction of all these actors, and the university is assigned the role of the most active participant, prognostically building the interaction between them for the development of the innovation ecosystem.

The University in the Knowledge Economy

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peijun Zheng ◽  
Michael Harris
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
University Of Alabama ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
Grant Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry

In the context of the global knowledge economy, the three major players – university, industry, and government – are becoming increasingly interdependent. As more intensified interactions and relationships of increasing complexity among the institutions evolve, the Triple Helix model attempts to describe not only interactions among university, industry and government, but also the internal metamorphosis of each sector. This study explores the implications of the Triple Helix framework through a qualitative case study analysis of the University of Alabama, a public flagship university without a long history of external grant support located in the southeastern USA.

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