Bibliometric mapping of techno-scientific systems of small Latin American worlds

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the evolution of the scientific production of Costa Rica and Panama, from Central America and Paraguay and Uruguay, from South America in the period 2000–2018. To achieve this, first, a bibliometric mapping was performed using the Web of Science (WoS) database. Second, the triple helix model was used to determine whether there are similar patterns or marked differences in the distribution of this type of publications in the helices of government, academia and industry. Design/methodology/approach The steps followed in this study were as follows: design and application of an algorithm to perform WoS downloads; download the publications using the country descriptor; process data using R and VOSviewer; design of a profile of the selected countries based on indicators; and use of the triple helix model to determine the weight of the scientific production. Findings The data found corroborate that the small technoscientific worlds examined do not have the minimum Science & Technology personnel nor the capabilities in infrastructure and technological equipment, and that expenditure in this area is minimal and for these reasons, the production in the WoS is low. Originality/value Studying the small technoscientific worlds from a bibliometric perspective allows generating inputs to diagnose the state of these countries in this area, as no evidence of similar studies in these countries was found in Scopus or the WoS. Likewise, examining scientific production from the triple helix model makes it possible to identify the weaknesses of each actor, and the results can contribute to the design of better public policies.

Analisis Model Tripel Helix Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi (Studi Pada IKM Kerajinan Perak Mojokerto)

Creative economy development aims to develop human resources so that they can compete with reliable quality. Rural areas, especially the Batankrajan Village area, are one of the areas in Mojokerto Regency that have the potential of creative human resources to improve the welfare of the local community. Batankrajan village and is the center of the silver industry which is quite potential as a competitive product and Mojokerto's leading commodity. The aims of this study were (1) to identify the conditions and needs for product development and market development of the craftsmen/performers of the silver craft business in Senta Batankrajan, Mojokerto, East Java, (2) to identify the problems faced by the craftsmen of silver crafts IKM in Mojokerto, East Java, especially in increasing competitiveness, (3) Analyzing the triple helix model in the development of the creative economy as a driving force for Mojokerto silver handicraft products to increase local innovative and creative products that are unique to the region and have high added value and are able to become regional icons. This research also identifies strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that can be used as information to map the strengths and weaknesses of creative industry players so that strategies for developing the right Triple helix model can be formulated for business actors. This research produces an economic/creative industry model with a Triple helix approach that provides a role for stakeholders (government, universities and business actors) in advancing the creative industry in rural areas, especially the silver industry in the center of Batankrajan, Mojokerto. Several recommendations and the framework for developing the Triple Helix model in the development of the creative economy include: Institutional strengthening, through Joint Business Groups, in order to invest in product development and market penetration as well as facilitate the establishment of access to financial sources and market access, the creation and establishment of intensive communication between government, universities and creative industry players, as well as the establishment of community forums that involve the government, universities in the Mojokerto area and do not rule out universities outside Mojokerto as well as industry players that function as communication forums and as a means of coaching and training.

Inovasi dan Daya Saing UMKM di Era New Normal: dari Triple Helix Model ke Quadruple Helix Model

The role of MSMEs in the economic development of a country has important implications for increasing income, reducing unemployment, alleviating poverty and economic growth. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact and threatened the survival of MSMEs. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the triple helix model by examining the role of each helix: universities, companies, and governments to help MSMEs rise from adversity. This study identifies behavioral profiles in terms of the performance of the triple helix model from the perspective of MSMEs and recognizes key factors for innovation success and competitiveness. The survey involved 134 MSMEs. The analysis method uses SEM-PLS with WarpPLS07. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive influence between the synergy of the government and academia in increasing the innovation and competitiveness of MSMEs. Innovation is able to become a mediator for the synergy of the government and academia in increasing the competitiveness of MSMEs. MSMEs need to be more active and proactive, the role of the government and academics still needs to be improved and coupled with the optimal role of other helixes, especially the community as a strategy to survive and thrive in the Covid-19 pandemic situation.

Productivity of Clinical Trials Conducted at the Gulf Cooperative Council

Objectives: Clinical trial productivity has not been investigated in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, including Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Bahrain, and Kuwait. We aim to assess the productivity of clinical trials conducted in the GCC region. Specifically, we aim to estimate the number of clinical trials conducted and estimate the proportion of clinical trials conducted in the GCC countries published in peer-reviewed journals. Methods: The clinical trials registry of the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) was searched for clinical trials conducted from January 2000 to October 2019. The productivity was assessed by the publication status of the trials in the registry and through the search in Medline indexed journals. Results: A total of 682 trials were found from the GCC region, with an overall trend of 4.1 trials each year. However, the clinical trial productivity from our area contributes to only 0.37% of the trials globally. When comparing the raw data, Saudi Arabia shows the highest proportion by contributing 66.6% of the clinical trials from the region (p < 0.001). Oman contributed 3.5 %. After normalization to population, Qatar shows to be the highest with 42.78 trials per million. A total of 238 trials were conducted before 2016, of which 46.6% were published. Conclusion: Saudi Arabia is the leading country in clinical trial productivity in the GCC region. Countries should utilize the triple helix model to a partnership with industry and improve their contribution to science. Keywords: Productivity; Clinical Trials; Publication; Oman; Gulf Cooperative Council.

National human resource development in China: government–industry–university relations and roles

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore recent national human resource development (NHRD) practices in China through a literature review focusing on programs and activities that represent the roles and interactions among the government, industry and universities. Design/methodology/approach To effectively consolidate previous work and conceptualize the recent development of the NHRD practices in China, a semi-narrative literature review was used to explore and analyze NHRD-related functions and activities. Findings Findings from the literature review showed that although the central government still plays a predominant role in China, universities and corporations are increasingly playing a critical role in developing an innovative and skilled workforce. At the regional level, NHRD initiatives in China have been increasingly undertaken by universities, industry and government–industry–university collaborations. The authors also found a disparity between developed and underdeveloped regions in terms of NHRD in China. Research limitations/implications This study used the triple helix model as a framework that provides an insightful lens for researchers to examine how various social entities interact with each other and jointly contribute to NHRD. Further case studies are needed to generate evidence-based knowledge to the NHRD literature. Practical implications A more systematic NHRD leadership structure at both the national and local level is desired to unleash the potential of bottom-up development and active government–industry–university collaboration. To counter regional divergence in NHRD in China, intra- and cross-regional collaborations are helpful in improving resources distribution and workforce development. Originality/value Based on open system theory, this study focused on programs and activities that represent the roles and interactions among the government, industry and university in Chinese NHRD through the lens of the triple helix model. In addition, this study offers a conceptual model of Chinese NHRD to help scholars and practitioners understand the transitional efforts in NHRD.

Quadruple Helix Collaboration in Efforts to Fulfill Human Security in Kemijen Village, Semarang City

Human security is very vital for humans. Initially, security was defined as freedom from war. However, over time it began to shift into a broad and collective concept of security. The United Nations established three important pillars of Human Security, namely: freedom from want, freedom from fear, and freedom to live in dignity. The implementation of compliance with Human Security is complex and not simple. This paper argues that the Triple Helix model, the position of society is neglected because they are only positioned as an object where they should also be the one who play an active role as actors. Therefore, a new breakthrough is needed in the effort to fulfill Human Security in Kemijen Village, Semarang City through the Quadruple Helix concept that involves government, business, academics and the community. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach by combining literature studies and interviews. The Quadruple Helix is basically a collaboration between top-down and bottom-up approaches, and this study proves that the Quadruple Helix model is utmost important, because the solutions are more well-targeted and meet the needs of the community. The Quadruple Helix model also allowed the people of Kemijen Village to be involved to become subjects through Focus Group Discussion.

A EFICIÊNCIA DO TRIPLE HELIX NA GESTÃO DA INOVAÇÃO EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE BRASIL E PORTUGAL

Este estudo trata da aplicação eficiente do modelo de desenvolvimento Triple Helix na gestão da inovação em políticas públicas em uma comparação Brasil-Portugal. O modelo Triple Helix tem sua origem na Inglaterra, com a finalidade de retomar a economia em declínio existente na época unindo as iniciativas, até então unilaterais, das universidades-indústrias-governo. Reconhecido internacionalmente como modelo de inovação e desenvolvimento, o Triple Helix faz uso de mecanismos que visam amenizar as falhas existentes nas universidades, indústrias e governos, transformando conhecimento em práticas voltadas para a economia e aprimorando as interações entre os três elementos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho é apresentar como é desenvolvido o processo de operacionalização das políticas públicas voltadas para a inovação alinhando governo, indústria e universidades em uma comparação Brasil-Portugal. Para seu desenvolvimento, foram utilizadas a pesquisa bibliográfica e um estudo comparativo exploratório acerca da gestão da inovação em políticas públicas brasileiras e portuguesas. Como resultados, confirma-se que, com a aplicação do modelo Triple Helix na gestão da inovação, o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas voltadas para a ciência e tecnologia são mais efetivas e, ainda, quanto maior o envolvimento entre os três atores do modelo de desenvolvimento Triple Helix, universidades-indústrias-governo, melhor será o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do país, até mesmo em cenários como o atual, em que a sociedade foi surpreendida pela pandemia do novo coronavírus. THE EFFICIENCY OF TRIPLE HELIX IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION IN PUBLIC POLICIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN BRAZIL AND PORTUGAL ABSTRACT This study addresses the efficient application of the Triple Helix development model in innovation management in public policies in a Brazil-Portugal comparison. The Triple Helix model originated in England, with the purpose of reviving the declining economy existing at the time by uniting the formerly unilateral initiatives of universities-industries-government. Internationally recognized as a model of innovation and development, the Triple Helix consists of mechanisms that aim to mitigate the existing gaps in universities, industry and government, transforming knowledge into practices aimed at the economy and improving the interactions between all three elements. In this regard, the objective of this paper is to present how the operationalization process of public policies for innovation is developed, aligning government, industry, and universities in a Brazil-Portugal comparison. For its development, bibliographical research, and an exploratory comparative study of innovation management in Brazilian and Portuguese public policies were used. As a result, it is confirmed that, with the application of the Triple Helix model in innovation management, the development of public policies oriented towards science and technology are more effective and, furthermore, the greater the involvement among the three actors of the Triple Helix development model, universities-industries-government, the better the socioeconomic development of the country will be, even in scenarios like the current one, in which society was surprised by the pandemic of the new Coronavirus. Keywords: Triple Helix, Innovation, Public policies, Brazil, Portugal.