The Intersecting Influence of Age and Performance Stereotypes on Physical and Psychological Aspects of Stair Navigation in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482096534
Author(s):  
Rachael C. Stone ◽  
William H. Gage ◽  
Joseph Baker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Lateral Plane ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stereotype Priming

Negative age-stereotypes can have widespread effects on older adult functionality; however, no research has explored psychophysical aspects of stair navigation after exposure to stereotype priming. The present study examined self-efficacy and biomechanics related to stair navigation in older adults ( N = 90). Between-groups analyses revealed positively primed older adults ascended and descended the stairs significantly faster with greater velocity in the medio-lateral plane than older adults who received a negative prime or controls ( p < .017). Moreover, negatively primed older adults rated their stair self-efficacy significantly lower compared with the control and positively primed groups ( p < .017). These results suggest positively primed older adults can navigate stairs with more confidence, quickness, and efficiency. With implications for interventions aimed at maintaining older adult functionality, the present study highlights the potential benefits of positive age-stereotypes, especially related to challenging physical tasks.

scholarly journals The Detrimental Impacts of Negative Age Stereotypes on the Episodic Memory of Older Adults: Does Social Participation Moderate the Effects?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cheong Yu Chan ◽  
Alma May Lan Au ◽  
Simon Man Kin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Stereotype Priming

Abstract Background: Older adults' cognitive abilities can be impaired through priming of negative age stereotypes. However, it is unclear whether the effects of negative priming can be extended to episodic memory, which is believed to be the most age-sensitive type among the long-term memory systems, in Asian populations. Social participation has recently emerged as a potential protective factor for maintaining the cognitive function of older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of negative age stereotype priming on episodic memory and the moderating role of social participation in the priming effect.Methods: A total of 105 community-dwelling older adults residing in Hong Kong were randomly allocated to two experimental conditions. Participants were primed either with negative age stereotype words (n = 53) or neutral words (n = 52) using an implicit priming task. Episodic memory performance was assessed using the Hong Kong List Learning Task (HKLLT), which includes total learning, two delayed recalls and a recognition task. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess group differences in the priming task and memory performance, while a series of moderation analyses were performed to examine the moderating effects of social participation.Results: The group that received negative age stereotype priming performed significantly worse than the group that received neutral words in their episodic memory test. Additional analyses showed that socially active individuals might be less prone to the effects of negative age stereotypes for the recognition task only.Conclusions: Older adults who are more socially active might be more immune to the effects of negative age stereotype priming on episodic memory. These results provide initial support for the hypothesis that social participation might act as an effective strategy to ward against negative age stereotype priming.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04202120 (first posted December 17, 2019), (Retrospectively registered)

scholarly journals Program Practices Predict Intergenerational Interaction among Youth and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 794-794
Author(s):  
Shannon Jarrott ◽  
Shelbie Turner ◽  
Jill Juris Naar ◽  
Rachel Scrivano ◽  
Raven Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Participant Response ◽  
Intergenerational Interaction

Abstract Non-familial intergenerational programs engage younger and older people in shared programming for mutual benefit, frequently involving senior centers or adult day programs and preschools. With growing interest in the potential benefits of intergenerational strategies, it is imperative to know their effects on participant interaction during intergenerational programming. To address this knowledge gap, activity leaders at five sites serving older adults and/or preschoolers received training to implement 14 evidence-based practices during intergenerational activities involving 109 older adult and 105 preschool participants over four years. We utilized multi-level modeling to test whether variations in implementation of practices were associated with variations in participants’ responses to programming on a session-by-session basis. For both preschool and older adult participants, analyses revealed that the implementation of certain practices was associated with significantly more intergenerational interaction. Specifically, when person-centered best practices (e.g., leading activities that are age- and role-appropriate for older adults) were implemented, preschoolers (estimate=5.83, SD=2.11, p=0.01 and older adults (estimate=5.11, SD=.10, p=0.02) had more intergenerational interaction. Likewise, when environmental-centered best practices were implemented, such as pairing materials between intergenerational partners, preschoolers (estimate=6.05, SD=1.57, p=0.002) and older adults (estimate=6.50, SD=1.85, p=0.001) had more intergenerational interaction. Our findings reveal session-by-session variation in intergenerational interaction that can be impacted by implementation practices, which highlights the importance of training activity leaders to implement evidence-based practices. Researchers and practitioners should consider how session-by-session variation in program implementation affects participant response.

scholarly journals The detrimental impacts of negative age stereotypes on the episodic memory of older adults: does social participation moderate the effects?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Y. Chan ◽  
Alma M. L. Au ◽  
Simon M. K. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Stereotype Priming

Abstract Background Older adults’ cognitive abilities can be impaired through priming of negative age stereotypes. However, it is unclear whether the effects of negative priming can be extended to episodic memory, which is believed to be the most age-sensitive type among the long-term memory systems, in Asian populations. Social participation has recently emerged as a potential protective factor for maintaining the cognitive function of older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of negative age stereotype priming on episodic memory and the moderating role of social participation in the priming effect. Methods A total of 105 community-dwelling older adults residing in Hong Kong were randomly allocated to two experimental conditions. Participants were primed either with negative age stereotype words (n = 53) or neutral words (n = 52) using an implicit priming task. Episodic memory performance was assessed using the Hong Kong List Learning Task (HKLLT), which includes total learning, two delayed recalls and a recognition task. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess group differences in the priming task and memory performance, while a series of moderation analyses were performed to examine the moderating effects of social participation. Results The group that received negative age stereotype priming performed significantly worse than the group that received neutral words in their episodic memory test. Additional analyses showed that socially active individuals might be less prone to the effects of negative age stereotypes for the recognition task only. Conclusions Older adults who are more socially active might be more immune to the effects of negative age stereotype priming on episodic memory. These results provide initial support for the hypothesis that social participation might act as an effective strategy to ward against negative age stereotype priming. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04202120 (first posted December 17, 2019), (Retrospectively registered).

Diversity and age stereotypes in portrayals of older adults in popular American primetime television series

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Čedomir Markov ◽  
Youngmin Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Primetime Television ◽  
Young Old

Abstract To examine the prevalence and diversity of older adults on primetime television, and age stereotyping in these portrayals, we analysed the contents of 112 episodes of popular American television series aired between 2004 and 2018. We identified 6.6 per cent of characters as aged 65 and older – a slight improvement to the values reported in previous studies. However, older adult characters are still grossly under-represented, considering the actual proportion of older adults in the general population of the United States of America. Further, the typical older character was young-old, male, Caucasian, middle-class, able-bodied and straight – if his sexuality was referenced. Older women still face double discrimination in media representations. In addition, older adult characters with ethnicities other than Caucasian and African American are virtually invisible in primetime fiction series. Similarly, old-old characters, sexual minorities and persons with disabilities are particularly rare among older adult characters in this type of programming. Finally, portrayals of 51.9 per cent of characters included at least some elements of age stereotypes, most of which were positive. The most commonly applied positive and negative stereotypes were found to be the golden ager and the shrew, respectively. The findings are discussed in the context of the dominant discourse of ageing and the potential implications of how various social groups perceive ageing and older adults.

Mobile Health Apps: Improving Usability for Older Adult Users

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Morey ◽  
Rachel E. Stuck ◽  
Amy W. Chong ◽  
Laura H. Barg-Walkow ◽  
Tracy L. Mitzner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Health Apps ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Mobile Health Apps ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Older Populations

With smartphone use among older populations on the rise, older adults have increased access to health-focused mobile apps. Despite their potential benefits for managing health, currently no guidelines exist for designing these apps specifically for older adult users. We evaluated the usability of one medication management app and two congestive heart failure management apps using cognitive walkthroughs, heuristic analysis, and user testing. We identified design issues that may affect usability for older users, including poor navigation, small button sizes, and inadequate data visualizations. We provide guidelines for developers of health apps to facilitate use by older adults.

scholarly journals The Detrimental Impacts of Negative Age Stereotype on Episodic Memory of Older Adults: Does Social Participation Moderate the Effects?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Cheong Yu Chan ◽  
Alma May Lan Au ◽  
Simon Man Kin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Age Stereotypes ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Stereotype Priming

Abstract Background: Older adults' cognitive abilities can be impaired through priming of negative age stereotypes. However, it is unclear whether the effects of negative priming can be extended to episodic memory, which is believed to be the most age-sensitive type among the long-term memory systems, in Asian populations. Social participation has recently emerged as a potential protective factor for maintaining the cognitive function of older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of negative age stereotype priming on episodic memory and the moderating role of social participation in the priming effect.Methods: A total of 105 community-dwelling older adults residing in Hong Kong were randomly allocated to two experimental conditions. Participants were primed either with negative age stereotype words (n = 53) or neutral words (n = 52) using an implicit priming task. Episodic memory performance was assessed using the Hong Kong List Learning Task (HKLLT), which includes total learning, two delayed recalls and a recognition task. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess group differences in the priming task and memory performance, while a series of moderation analyses were performed to examine the moderating effects of social participation.Results: The group that received negative age stereotype priming performed significantly worse than the group that received neutral words in their episodic memory test. Additional analyses showed that socially active individuals might be less prone to the effects of negative age stereotypes for the recognition task only.Conclusions: Older adults who are more socially active might be more immune to the effects of negative age stereotype priming on episodic memory. These results provide initial support for the hypothesis that social participation might act as an effective strategy to ward against negative age stereotype priming. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04202120 (first posted December 17, 2019), (Retrospectively registered)

Self-efficacy, Neighborhood Walking, and Fall History in Older Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Gallaghe ◽  
P.J. Clarke ◽  
C. Loveland-Cherry ◽  
D.L. Ronis ◽  
K.A. Gretebeck
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Full Model ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
The Relationship

This cross-sectional study examined the association of self-efficacy with neighborhood walking in older adult (mean age = 76.1, SD = 8.34) fallers (n = 108) and nonfallers (n = 217) while controlling for demographic characteristics and mobility. Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that the full model explained 39% of the variance in neighborhood walking in fallers (P < .001) and 24% in nonfallers (P < .001). Self-efficacy explained 23% of the variance in fallers (P < .001) and 11% in nonfallers (P < .001). Neighborhood walking was significantly associated with self-efficacy for individual barriers in both groups. Self-efficacy for neighborhood barriers trended toward significance in fallers (β = .18, P = .06). Fall history did not moderate the relationship between self-efficacy and neighborhood walking. Walking interventions for older adults should address self-efficacy in overcoming individual walking barriers. Those targeting fallers should consider addressing self-efficacy for overcoming neighborhood barriers.

scholarly journals Older Adults' Perceptions and Use of Patient Portals: A Comparative Analysis of Two Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
Hyojin Son ◽  
Eun-Shim Nahm ◽  
Shijun Zhu ◽  
Elizabeth Galik ◽  
Barbara Van de Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Patient Portal ◽  
Patient Portals ◽  
Perceived Usability ◽  
Care System

Abstract Older adults can benefit from using patient portals. Little is known whether the perceptions and use of patient portals differ among diverse older adult populations. The aim of this study was to assess the difference in perceived usability of patient portals, self-efficacy for using patient portals, and patient portal use between two adult samples aged 65 years or older. One sample was recruited from a health care system, including hospitals and clinics (n = 174), and the other sample was recruited from nationwide communities (n = 126). Conducting a secondary data analysis using two survey datasets, this study performed a series of linear and ordinal logistic regression analyses. The health care system sample had a higher mean number of chronic diseases and proportion of recent hospitalization than the community sample. The health care system sample showed higher perceived usability, self-efficacy, and usage frequency of patient portals compared to the community sample. eHealth literacy was a significant predictor of perceived usability and self-efficacy. Perceived usability was another significant predictor of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy and health condition variables significantly predicted the more frequent use of patient portals. Compared to the health care system sample, the relationship between perceived usability and use of patient portals was stronger and significant in the community sample. These findings suggest that approaches for promoting patient portal use should consider personal characteristics and health conditions of diverse older adult populations. Future research needs to focus on assessing the impact of using patient portals on older adults’ health care outcomes.

Talk or Walk? Gait Speed over Self-Report in Association with Cognitive Speed in Healthy Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Costello ◽  
Shane J. Sizemore ◽  
Kimberly E. O’Brien ◽  
Lydia K. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Report ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Age Range

Abstract. This study explores the relative value of both subjectively reported cognitive speed and gait speed in association with objectively derived cognitive speed. It also explores how these factors are affected by psychological and physical well-being. A group of 90 cognitively healthy older adults ( M = 73.38, SD = 8.06 years, range = 60–89 years) were tested in a three-task cognitive battery to determine objective cognitive speed as well as measures of gait speed, well-being, and subjective cognitive speed. Analyses indicated that gait speed was associated with objective cognitive speed to a greater degree than was subjective report, the latter being more closely related to well-being than to objective cognitive speed. These results were largely invariant across the 30-year age range of our older adult sample.

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